THE IN VITRO NEUROMUSCULAR EFFECTS OF TETRA-ALKYL AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS IN RATS

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 1010A ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Foldes ◽  
I. A. Chaudhry ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
H. Miyakawa ◽  
K. Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkyl Ammonium ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

INHIBITION OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN VITRO BY ANTIBIOTICS AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
M. D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Corynebacterium Species ◽  
Xanthomonas Species ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The bacteriostatic effect of certain antibiotics and quaternary ammonium compounds on representative genera and species of phytopathogenic bacteria has been studied. For Xanthomonas species aureomycin was the most potent agent with terramycin and polymyxin next; 0.1 to 0.05 p.p.m. aureomycin completely inhibited growth of most of the cultures at 24 hr. Terramycin was the most effective compound against Pseudomonas species followed by streptomycin and qureomycin; 0.2 to 0.1 p.p.m. terramycin inhibited growth of every culture tested with one exception. For Corynebacterium species aureomycin was most effective with neomycin and terramycin next, the activity of aureomycin varying from 0.4 to 0.05 p.p.m. Chloromycetin was the least effective of the antibiotics tested in the series of experiments. A comparision of the relative sensitivity of the three genera to a given antibiotic revealed that aureomycin and polymyxin were most effective on Xanithomonas, terramycin and streptomycin on Pseudomonas, and neomycin and chloromycetin on Corynecarotovora to polymyxin. the latter organism was generally more resistant to the antibiotics than the former. A number of other antibiotics and quaternaries: streptothricin, clavacin, gliotoxin, aspergillic acid, tyrothricin, penicillin, Roccal, Hyamine 1622, and compound L4-669 were also tested against strains of X. phaseoli and P> phaseolicola (agents of common and halo blight respectively of beans). None of these was as effective as aureomycin, polymyxin, streptomycin, or terramycin, the activity of the quaternaries being similar on the whole to that of chloromycetin.

scholarly journals Method combining BAC film and positive staining for the characterization of DNA intermediates by dark-field electron microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Benureau ◽  
Eliana Moreira Tavares ◽  
Ali-Akbar Muhammad ◽  
Sonia Baconnais ◽  
Eric Le Cam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium

Abstract DNA intermediate structures are formed in all major pathways of DNA metabolism. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a tool of choice to study their choreography and has led to major advances in the understanding of these mechanisms, particularly those of homologous recombination (HR) and replication. In this article, we describe specific TEM procedures dedicated to the structural characterization of DNA intermediates formed during these processes. These particular DNA species contain single-stranded DNA regions and/or branched structures, which require controlling both the DNA molecules spreading and their staining for subsequent visualization using dark-field imaging mode. Combining BAC (benzyl dimethyl alkyl ammonium chloride) film hyperphase with positive staining and dark-field TEM allows characterizing synthetic DNA substrates, joint molecules formed during not only in vitro assays mimicking HR, but also in vivo DNA intermediates.

scholarly journals In vitro efficacy of several disinfectants against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli strains from poultry

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1438-1442
Author(s):  
Sonia Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Sheila Yubero-Delgado ◽  
Elías-Fernando Rodríguez-Ferri ◽  
Rafael Frandoloso ◽  
Álvaro Álvarez-Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

ABSTRACT The efficacy of 28 individual or blended disinfectants against avian Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli strains was determined. An in vitro test in the presence and absence of serum as source of organic material was conducted. Povidone-iodine (releasing 1% available iodine), 1% potassium permanganate, 70% ethanol, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and three commercial formulations based on quaternary ammonium compounds + formaldehyde or cresol derivates were the most effective against all strains tested and reduced bacterial counts by more than 106 times (6-log10) regardless of the presence of organic matter. These commercial compounds as well as ethanol and chlorhexidine among the individual substances tested might be helpful in the adoption of environmental control measures against these two enterobacteria in poultry industry.

Chloride-selective liquid-membrane electrodes based on lipophilic methyl-tri-N-alkyl-ammonium compounds and their applicability to blood serum measurements

1978 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hartman ◽  
S. Luterotti ◽  
H. F. Osswald ◽  
M. Oehme ◽  
P. C. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Electrodes ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Active transport of quaternary ammonium compounds by the choroid plexus in vitro

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Tochino ◽  
Lewis S. Schanker
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The quaternary ammonium compounds, hexamethonium, decamethonium, and N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) are taken up by the rabbit choroid plexus in vitro (Krebs-Ringer phosphate glucose solution, pH 7.4, 37 C, oxygen) by a process showing all the characteristics of active transport. Uptake against a concentration gradient occurs by a saturable process that is inhibited by low temperature, by anaerobic conditions, and by low concentrations of ouabain, reserpine, and certain metabolic inhibitors. Decamethonium and NMN act as competitive inhibitors of hexamethonium uptake, suggesting that the three cations share a common transport process. Hexamethonium uptake is dependent on levels of Na, K, Mg, and phosphate in the incubation medium. Hexamethonium and decamethonium, but not NMN, are bound to homogenates of choroid plexus. The characteristics of the binding are such that binding would not account for the bulk of drug accumulation seen in the intact tissue. High concentrations of p-aminohippurate do not inhibit the uptake of hexamethonium. No evidence could be obtained for active uptake of hexamethonium by subcellular particles of plexus homogenates. The transport process for quaternary ammonium compounds appears to be present in the choroid plexus of the dog, cat, and guinea pig as well as in that of the rabbit.

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