Vestibular information contributes to update retinotopic maps

Neuroreport ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3479-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Israël ◽  
Jocelyne Ventre-Dominey ◽  
Pierre Denise
Keyword(s):  
Retinotopic Maps ◽  
Vestibular Information

scholarly journals Visuo-Vestibular Information Processing by Unipolar Brush Cells in the Rabbit Flocculus

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hensbroek ◽  
Tom J. H. Ruigrok ◽  
Boeke J. van Beugen ◽  
Jun Maruta ◽  
John I. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Brush Cells ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
Unipolar Brush Cells

scholarly journals Individuals from different-looking animal species may group together to confuse shared predators: simulations with artificial neural networks

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1611) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R Tosh ◽  
Andrew L Jackson ◽  
Graeme D Ruxton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Retinotopic Maps ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Mixed Species Groups ◽  
Species Grouping ◽  
Prey Items

Individuals of many quite distantly related animal species find each other attractive and stay together for long periods in groups. We present a mechanism for mixed-species grouping in which individuals from different-looking prey species come together because the appearance of the mixed-species group is visually confusing to shared predators. Using an artificial neural network model of retinotopic mapping in predators, we train networks on random projections of single- and mixed-species prey groups and then test the ability of networks to reconstruct individual prey items from mixed-species groups in a retinotopic map. Over the majority of parameter space, cryptic prey items benefit from association with conspicuous prey because this particular visual combination worsens predator targeting of cryptic individuals. However, this benefit is not mutual as conspicuous prey tends to be targeted most poorly when in same-species groups. Many real mixed-species groups show the asymmetry in willingness to initiate and maintain the relationship predicted by our study. The agreement of model predictions with published empirical work, the efficacy of our modelling approach in previous studies, and the taxonomic ubiquity of retinotopic maps indicate that we may have uncovered an important, generic selective agent in the evolution of mixed-species grouping.

scholarly journals Retinotopic Maps, Spatial Tuning, and Locations of Human Visual Areas in Surface Coordinates Characterized with Multifocal and Blocked fMRI Designs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e36859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Henriksson ◽  
Juha Karvonen ◽  
Niina Salminen-Vaparanta ◽  
Henry Railo ◽  
Simo Vanni
Keyword(s):  
Retinotopic Maps ◽  
Spatial Tuning ◽  
Visual Areas

Vestibular disorders and impaired path integration along a linear trajectory

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Neuroma ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Vestibular Input ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Acoustic Neuromas ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
Lateral Distance ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Straight Ahead

The goal of this study was to determine if people use vestibular information to keep track of their positions while walking through a simple course. Subjects were normals and patients with chronic peripheral vestibulopathies – each of whom were tested once – and patients with acoustic neuromas tested pre- operatively and one and three weeks post-operatively. Subjects walked over a straight course, 7.62 m, with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed. The time needed for task performance, the forward distance subjects walked before veering, and the lateral distance subjects veered from the straight ahead were recorded. The angle of veering was then calculated. Normals were able to perform this task easily with eyes open or closed. With eyes closed pre-operative acoustic neuroma subjects walked significantly shorter distances before veering than normals but did not veer significantly more than normals or take longer than normals to perform the task. Chronic vestibulopathy subjects, by contrast, were significantly impaired compared to normals on all measures. With eyes open within a week after acoustic neuroma resection subjects could perform the task as well as normals. With eyes closed, however, post-operative subjects were impaired compared to their own pre-operative levels, but they had returned to their pre-operative levels at the second post-operative test. Ataxia was only weakly correlated to any measures and tumor size was not related to performance. These findings support the hypothesis that vestibular input is used for spatial orientation during active motion.

scholarly journals SIMULATORS FOR TRAINING OF VEHICLES’ DRIVERS: INFORMATION MODELS’ ANALYSIS (REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-571
Author(s):  
A. V. Belyakova ◽  
B. V. Saveliev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. Organization of high-quality training of the vehicles’ drivers is possible only with the proper formation of professional skills. Moreover, the formation of the skills is necessary for the driver to control the vehicle safety, perhaps by using simulators at the initial stage of training. The use of simulators allows automating the actions that the driver performs, while not exposing the student to risks.Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the application of simulators in the training of the vehicles’ drivers.Materials and methods. The paper presented the basic psycho physiological principles of the learning process, which should be taken into account when using simulators for driver training. The authors demonstrated the classification of the car simulators used for training of drivers by the information models. Existing information models of simulators were divided into two groups: reproducing only visual information, without imitation of the vestibular and simulating both visual and vestibular information. The analysis reflected the advantages and disadvantages of information models.Results. As a result, the authors proposed two systematizing features: the view angle of the visual information and the simulation of vestibular information.Discussion and conclusions. The research is useful not only for the further science development, but also for the selection of simulators and for the organization of the educational process in driving schools.

scholarly journals Development of Concurrent Retinotopic Maps in the Fly Motion Detection Circuit

Cell ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 173 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-498.e11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Pinto-Teixeira ◽  
Clara Koo ◽  
Anthony Michael Rossi ◽  
Nathalie Neriec ◽  
Claire Bertet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Detection ◽  
Retinotopic Maps ◽  
Detection Circuit

Bilateral peripheral vestibular lesions produce long-term changes in spatial learning in the rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Noah A. Russell ◽  
Arata Horii ◽  
Paul F. Smith ◽  
Cynthia L. Darlington ◽  
David K. Bilkey
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Reference Memory ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
Vestibular Information ◽  
Spatial Reference Memory ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Control Lesion

In order to investigate whether bilateral peripheral vestibular lesions cause long-term impairment of spatial learning, rats were tested in a reference memory radial arm maze learning task at least 5 weeks following a bilateral labyrinthectomy (BL) or sham control lesion. All control rats reached criterion (i.e., 1 error or less, averaged across 7 trials for 3 consecutive days of training) but only 4 of the 8 BL rats had reached criterion by day 21 of the training sessions. The control rats reached criterion more quickly than the lesioned rats (Control, 7.0 ± 0.63 days, Lesioned, 15.8 ± 1.4 days, t 10 = 5.84, p < 0.0001). This difference resulted from the greater number of errors made by the BL animals. However, the latency to respond was comparable as a result of the increased locomotor activity of the BL group (i.e., ’hyperkinesis), and the overall rate of acquisition of the task, as indicated by analysis of the exponential decrease in errors over the entire training period, was not significantly different between the 2 groups. The results of this study demonstrate that BL in rats produces long-term changes in performance in a spatial reference memory task, which are not simply due to the inability to move but may relate to the way that the brain uses vestibular information to create spatial representations and determines behavioural strategies on the basis of these representations.

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