Technegas Versus Krypton-81m Gas as an Inhalation Agent

Abstract Background Inhalation mask induction is a cornerstone of pediatric anesthesia. Because of their natural aversion to needles, healthy children are usually anesthetized by mask prior to intravenous insertion. The early insertion of an intravenous access provides a means for administering fluids and drugs if an untoward event occurs during inhalational induction. Sevoflurane is the inhalation agent most commonly used for mask inductions in pediatric anesthesia, having largely replaced halothane for this purpose. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the optimum end tidal concentration of Sevoflurane at which an intravenous cannulation can be successfully attempted without movement in pediatric patients. Patients and Methods In this clinical trial, pediatric subjects of either sex aged 2-5 years, weighing 10-20 kg were included. Results Showed that an end tidal sevoflurane of 1.46% has 50% probability for successful intravenous cannulation without movement in children. Conclusion We conclude that an end tidal sevoflurane of 1.46% has 50% probability for successful intravenous cannulation in un- premedicated children aged between 2 and 5 years.

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A NEW METHOD FOR TESTING THE RESPONSE TO AN INHALATION AGENT

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-197909001-00026 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. S27-S27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. J. Rampil ◽

F. J. Sasse ◽

N. Ty Smith ◽

B. H. Hoff ◽

B. F. Rusy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Method ◽

Inhalation Agent

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A Comparative Study of Inhalation Agent and Midazolam during Tracheal Intubation Using Nondepolaring N - M Blocker for The Anesthetic Induction

Korean Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.4097/kjae.1993.26.6.1120 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1120

Author(s):

Byeong Yong Kim ◽

Byoung Kuk Chae ◽

Seong Ho Chang

Keyword(s):

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Anesthetic Induction ◽

Inhalation Agent

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SEVOFLURANE REQUIREMENT TO ATTENUATE STRESS RESPONSE TO PNEUMOPERITONEUM AND POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA DURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY: INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE VS. FENTANYL. A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMISED STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/8421214 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

J. Nirmala ◽

Akhya Kumar Kar ◽

Abinash Patro ◽

A. Kireeti ◽

Kalyani. Paighan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Stress Response ◽

Early Recovery ◽

Rescue Analgesia ◽

Post Operative Period ◽

Haemodynamic Stress ◽

Inhalation Agent ◽

Group 3 ◽

End Tidal ◽

Group 1

Background and aims: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered as the gold standard for cholelithiasis with better preservation of surgical anatomy, early recovery and post-operative analgesia but haemodynamic instability due to pneumo-peritoneum is a concern. This study was contemplated to assess the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine or fentanyl on end-tidal inhalation agent concentration requirement as an indirect measure of haemodynamic stress response during the creation of pneumo-peritoneum and on post-operative analgesia. Methods: This prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted in 75 ASA I and II patients with three groups of 25 each. The patients in group-1 received 10µg of intrathecal dexmedetomidine, group-2 50µg fentanyl and group-3 equal volume of normal saline before administration of general anesthesia. We assessed the vital parameters and end-tidal concentration of sevourane requirement before and 10minutes after creation and immediately after deation of pneumo-peritoneum. Post-operative pain scores were measured using Visual analogue scale(VAS) for 24hrs and rescue analgesia was 0.5µg/kg fentanyl in the immediate post-operative period and paracetamol 15mg/kg if the score was ≥4 in the post-operative period. Results: Demographic data were comparable in all the groups. Systolic blood pressure before onset of pneumo-peritoneum(P=0.03),endtidal inhalation agent concentration to maintain stable haemodynamics post-pneumoperitoneum were signicantly low(P=0.036) in group-1 as compared to group-3. Immediate bolus dose requirement of fentanyl after extubationwas signicantly low, and the duration of post-operative analgesia was prolonged(P=0.009) in group-1.Conclusion: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine may be a safe and effective method in alleviating haemodynamic stress response during pneumo-peritoneum and provides adequate post-operative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

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Scented vapours and endtidal inhalation agent monitoring system

Pediatric Anesthesia ◽

10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01109.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 647-648

Author(s):

Muhammad B. Rafique

Keyword(s):

Monitoring System ◽

Inhalation Agent

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Risk Factors for Postinduction Hypotension among Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Non-Cardiac Surgery under General Anesthesia

Journal of Health Science and Medical Research ◽

10.31584/jhsmr.2021795 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karuna Sutthibenjakul ◽

Sunisa Chatmongkolchart

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Operating Room ◽

Significant Risk ◽

University Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Induction Periods ◽

Post Induction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inhalation Agent

Objective: We aimed to determine risk factors for hypotension occurring after induction among elderly patients (aged 65 years and older). We hypothesized that the dosage of intravenous anesthesia drugs as well as the type of inhalation agent have an effect on hypotension during post-induction periods. We aimed to test this hypothesis to determine risk factors for hypotension after induction among elderly patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery.Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 580 patients between December 2017 and July 2018 at a tertiary university hospital in the south of Thailand. Hypotension is defined as a more than 30.0% decrease in mean arterial pressure from baseline after induction and within 20 minutes of the use of a vasopressor agent to treat hypotension. The intraoperative parameters were blood pressure and heart rate immediately after arrival at the operating room, immediately after intubation, and 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after intubation.Results: The median age was 72.5 (68, 78) years. The association of post-induction hypotension was raised with a diuretic drug as preoperative medication (p-value=0.025), and the degree of hypertension immediately after arrival at the operating room (p-value<0.001). Increasing fentanyl dosage during induction was associated with hypotension (p-value<0.010). There was no statistically significant difference in the increase of the propofol dosage.Conclusion: The degree of hypertension immediately after arrival at the operating room coupled with higher fentanyl dosage were significant risk factors for postinduction hypotension in elderly patients.

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Anesthetics inhibit pressure-induced repetitive impulse generation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1978.45.5.747 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 747-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. J. Kendig ◽

T. M. Schneider ◽

E. N. Cohen

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Ethyl Alcohol ◽

Anesthetic Drug ◽

Impulse Generation ◽

Hyperbaric Pressure ◽

Anesthetic Drugs ◽

Pressure Reversal ◽

Inhalation Agent ◽

Unconscious State

Repetitive and spontaneous impulse generation appears in nerve axons exposed to high pressure. This phenomenon is a possible basis for high-pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) or pressure reversal of anesthesia, two examples of an antagonistic interaction between anesthetic drugs and high pressure. In the present study, the interactions between three classes of anesthetic drug (ethyl alcohol, the volatile inhalation agent halothane, and phenobarbital) and repetitive activity were explored. Ethyl alcohol (5% in solution) and halothane (1.3 and 3.4% in oxygen) inhibited pressure-induced repetitive activity. Phenobarbital at 0.25 mM in solution, the maximum concentration obtainable at low temperature, was partially effective. The three drugs produce an unconscious state that is “reversed” at hyperbaric pressure. Halothane and phenobarbital inhibit HPNS, but ethyl alcohol has not been tested for this property. The results thus support a relevance of repetitive activity to HPNS, to pressure reversal of anesthesia, or to both.

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High risk of intraoperative awareness during cardiopulmonary bypass with isoflurane administration via diffusion membrane oxygenators

Perfusion ◽

10.1191/0267659102pf566oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 175-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Alois Philipp ◽

Christoph Wiesenack ◽

Renate Behr ◽

Franz X Schmid ◽

Dietrich E Birnbaum

Keyword(s):

Gas Flow ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Membrane Oxygenator ◽

Depth Of Anaesthesia ◽

Intraoperative Awareness ◽

Diffusion Type ◽

Capillary Membrane ◽

Inhalation Agent ◽

Membrane Oxygenators ◽

Diffusion Membrane

In cardiac surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), inhalation anaesthetics can be administered via the oxygenator. Until the recent advent of a new type of diffusion membrane oxygenator, we routinely added the inhalation agent, isoflurane, to the gas flow of a micro-porous capillary membrane-type oxygenator. Applying this procedure to the diffusion-type oxygenators, the depth of anaesthesia appeared to be affected, which manifested itself through unusually high intraoperative perfusion pressures. This observation led to a prospective randomized study comprising 60 patients and two models of a microporous capillary membrane oxygenator, as well as two models of a diffusion membrane oxygenator. Simultaneous isoflurane concentration measurements at both the gas inlet and outlet ports of the oxygenators showed that, whereas in the microporous capillary-type oxygenators the isoflurane administered was reduced by about 50% during the passage of gas through the device, there was only a minimal transfer of isoflurane in the diffusion-type membrane oxygenators.

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