Eye Banking Activity-1986

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of "state regulation", "state regulation of banking", "banking regulation" and the measures on which the state regulation of banking is based. An analysis of the scientific literature in various fields allows us to conclude that scholars ambiguously interpret the term "state regulation of banking." Most often, state regulation of banking is seen as a system of measures by which the state through authorized bodies regulates the activities of banks. The domestic legislator considers the concept of "banking regulation" as one of the functions of the National Bank of Ukraine, which is to create a system of norms governing the activities of banks, determine the general principles of banking, banking supervision, liability for violations of banking legislation. The main purpose of banking regulation is security and financial stability of the banking system, protection of the interests of depositors and creditors. The importance of state regulation of banking as an integral part of public policy is emphasized. Effective state regulation of banking activities should ensure stable and uninterrupted operation of the banking system, guarantee the provision of quality services by banks to depositors and borrowers and protect their interests. Preventive and protective measures on which the state regulation of banking activity in Ukraine is based are considered. Preventive measures should be implemented through the approval of mandatory regulations. The application of protective measures should provide protection against the already threatening situation for the bank. Attention is also paid to the forms in which state regulation of banks by the National Bank is carried out. Such forms are administrative regulation and indicative regulation.

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Regulatory foundations of financialisation: May Day, Big Bang and international banking, 1975–1990

Financial History Review ◽

10.1017/s0968565020000189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 397-417

Author(s):

Catherine R. Schenk

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Financial Markets ◽

Big Bang ◽

International Banking ◽

Geographic Pattern ◽

Financial Conglomerates ◽

Financial Activity ◽

National Characteristics ◽

Banking Activity ◽

May Day

From the 1970s to the 1990s there was a revolution in international financial markets, which combined the processes of financialisation and globalisation. Deregulation and financial innovation were the two underlying forces that facilitated this transformation. At the same time, distinctive national characteristics of banking structures and cultures influenced the way that financial globalisation affected the geographic distribution of financial activity. This article addresses these seismic shifts through three perspectives: changes in regulation and the geographic pattern of international banking activity, reform of the main stock markets in New York and London and the rise of financial conglomerates. It identifies complementarity as well as competition among international financial centres.

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Eye Banking: Techniques for Eye Preservation in Selected Neoplasms Encroaching on the Globe

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459989310800607 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 108 (6) ◽

pp. 662-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vtto C. Quatela ◽

Neal D. Futran ◽

James R. Boynton

Keyword(s):

Malignant Tumors ◽

Eye Banking ◽

Fibrous Sheath ◽

Tumor Involvement ◽

Preserve Function ◽

Reconstructive Techniques ◽

Improve Patient ◽

Disease Free ◽

Surgical Extirpation

Removal of the globe and associated structures has been advocated for tumors Invading the periorbital bone and periosteum, orbital fat, or extraocular muscles. In some patients with cancerous tumors encroaching on the globe, however, it may be possible to remove the tumor and save the eye. Tenon's fascia is a firm fibrous sheath surrounding the entire globe except the cornea. If the neoplasm spreads along fascial planes rather than through them, and If this layer remains free of tumor Involvement, preservation of the globe can be considered. Oculoplastic reconstructive techniques may limit exposure and diplopia, allowing the eye to be “banked” in vivo, and saved as a spare for the future. Six patients with malignant tumors encroaching on the globe have had definitive surgical extirpation with preservation of the eye. Three patients have had the globe uncovered successfully. Five of six patients remain disease-free, with followup from 6 months to 6 years. No globes have been removed. These techniques appear to be therapeutically sound, preserve function and appearance, and Improve patient morale. The indications and limitations of this approach to certain cases of periorbital cancer are discussed.

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The Impact of State Legislation on Eye Banking

Archives of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1001/archopht.1994.01090140056023 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 180 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emile J. Farge

Keyword(s):

Eye Banking ◽

State Legislation ◽

The Impact

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Povidone-Iodine Attenuates Viral Replication in Ocular Cells: Implications for Ocular Transmission of RNA Viruses

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11050753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 753

Author(s):

Sneha Singh ◽

Onkar B. Sawant ◽

Shahzad I. Mian ◽

Ashok Kumar

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Viral Replication ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽

Host Cells ◽

Eye Banking ◽

Antiviral Effects ◽

Infected Cells

Several RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, can infect or use the eye as an entry portal to cause ocular or systemic diseases. Povidone-Iodine (PVP-I) is routinely used during ocular surgeries and eye banking as a cost-effective disinfectant due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against viruses. However, whether PVP-I can exert antiviral activities in virus-infected cells remains elusive. In this study, using Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus infection of human corneal and retinal pigment epithelial cells, we report antiviral mechanisms of PVP-I. Our data showed that PVP-I, even at the lowest concentration (0.01%), drastically reduced viral replication in corneal and retinal cells without causing cellular toxicity. Antiviral effects of PVP-I against ZIKV and CHIKV were mediated by direct viral inactivation, thus attenuating the ability of the virus to infect host cells. Moreover, one-minute PVP-I exposure of infected ocular cells drastically reduced viral replication and the production of infectious progeny virions. Furthermore, viral-induced (CHIKV) expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL1β) were markedly reduced in PVP-I treated corneal epithelial cells. Together, our results demonstrate potent antiviral effects of PVP-I against ZIKV and CHIKV infection of ocular cells. Thus, a low dose of PVP-I can be used during tissue harvesting for corneal transplants to prevent potential transmission of RNA viruses via infected cells.

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Retour sur la cohabitation entre le droit CEMAC et le droit OHADA dans la liquidation des établissements de crédit en Afrique centrale

Uniform Law Review ◽

10.1093/ulr/unab018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tchotchou Petche Kamga Camille

Keyword(s):

Credit Institution ◽

The Real ◽

Banking Regulations ◽

Banking Activity ◽

Afrique Centrale ◽

Credit Institutions

Abstract La liquidation des compartiments bancaire et non bancaire des établissements de crédit se caractérise par un dualisme juridique. Au premier compartiment est appliqué le droit CEMAC, tandis que le second compartiment est soumis au droit OHADA. Ce dualisme juridique est marqué par la prééminence de la réglementation bancaire CEMAC en raison de la spécificité de l’activité bancaire. Toutefois, cette prééminence n’est pas sans ambages. La réglementation bancaire CEMAC s’entremêle dans le processus de liquidation du compartiment non bancaire, pourtant dédié au droit OHADA, et de ce fait, relègue celui-ci à une position subsidiaire dans son « propre empire ». Cet imbroglio juridique crée une situation d’inconfort juridique pour toute personne qui sera chargée d’assurer la liquidation d’un établissement de crédit. Elle devra faire preuve de subtilité et de sagacité pour démêler et identifier, à chaque étape de la procédure, la véritable règle applicable. Mots-clésdroit CEMAC, droit OHADA, liquidation, procédures collectives, établissements de crédit Summary The liquidation of the banking and non-banking compartments of credit institutions is characterized by legal dualism. CEMAC law is applied to the first compartment and the second compartment is subject to OHADA law. This legal dualism is marked by the pre-eminence of the CEMAC banking regulations due to the specificity of the banking activity. However, this pre-eminence is not without ambiguity. The CEMAC banking regulations are interwoven in the process of liquidating the non-banking compartment, which is nevertheless dedicated to OHADA law, and therefore relegates it to a subsidiary position in its “own empire”. This legal imbroglio creates a situation of legal discomfort for anyone who will be responsible for liquidating a credit institution. He will have to show subtlety and sagacity to disentangle and identify, at each stage of the procedure, the real applicable rule.

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International Eye Banking and The Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA)

Journal of Refractive Surgery ◽

10.3928/1081-597x-19911101-30 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 478-478

Author(s):

Paul J Dubord ◽

Mark J Mannis

Keyword(s):

Eye Bank ◽

Eye Banking

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Financial inclusion in the digital banking age: Lessons from rural India

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279421000738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

RAM A. CNAAN ◽

MARQUISHA LAWRENCE SCOTT ◽

H. DANIEL HEIST ◽

M. S. MOODITHAYA

Keyword(s):

Financial Literacy ◽

Social Inclusion ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Rural India ◽

Indian States ◽

Banking Activity ◽

Online Access ◽

Digital Transactions ◽

Financial Transactions

Abstract In the digital age, financial inclusion continues to be connected to social inclusion. While most personal financial transactions are shifting from cash currency to digital transactions, we must ensure that marginalized members of society are not unbanked and excluded from financial opportunities. Many countries are declaring their intention to transform to cashless societies. India is one such country. As a case study, we investigated rural Indian villages that declared themselves as cashless to assess the financial reality of villagers. We conducted a survey of households (N=3,159) within villages across seven Indian states. In each state, we studied a village that was officially declared cashless and a nearby comparison village. Our findings suggest that the comparison villages did as well as the cashless villages, as financial inclusion via digital banking was minimal to nonexistent. Alongside significant state variations, we found that financial literacy and online access were the best predictors of performing any digital banking activity. This study concludes with a warning against rushing toward digital banking and the formation of cashless societies, as marginalized populations may be excluded.

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