Persistence and Desistance of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a Community Sample of Children With ADHD

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD J. AUGUST ◽  
GEORGE M. REALMUTO ◽  
TAMARA JOYCE ◽  
JOEL M. HEKTNER
Keyword(s):  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a Sample of Spanish Schoolchildren

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Meisel ◽  
Mateu Servera ◽  
Esther Cardo ◽  
Gloria García-Banda
Keyword(s):  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Teachers And Parents

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of ODD in school age children, and analyze the variability of the prevalence rates per informant, according to the sources of information, sex, age, and level of agreement between teachers and parents. This is an epidemiological study conducted using a community sample extracted by means of multi-stage stratified sampling. The sample consisted of 1,295 children of both sexes from 6 to 8 years old. For diagnostic evaluation, the Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS-IV) was used. The estimated global prevalence of ODD, detected by all sources is 16.1%. But if we consider the percentage of subjects detected by only one informant, the prevalence rate is 9.5%. The prevalence according to teachers is 5.1% (95% CI = 3.88–6.31), according to fathers is 9% (95% CI = 7.38–10.54), and according to mothers is 9.7% (95% CI = 8.02–11.29). Teachers report more boys with ODD than girls. Results support the idea of high variability in ODD prevalence rates. Our findings suggest that parents are more prone to detect the disorder than teachers, and that boys present ODD more frequently than girls, only when they are evaluated by their teachers.

scholarly journals Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 584-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya N. Antonini ◽  
Stephen P. Becker ◽  
Leanne Tamm ◽  
Jeffery N. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Odd Symptoms

AbstractWhile neuropsychological deficits in both “hot” and “cool” executive functions (EFs) have been documented among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these EF deficits are not universal across all individuals with this diagnosis. One potential moderator of executive dysfunction may be the presence of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). This study examined the association between “hot” and “cool” EFs and comorbid ODD in children with ADHD. Thirty-three children with ADHD and comorbid ODD (ADHD+ODD), 67 with ADHD without ODD (ADHD-ODD), and 30 typically developing controls participated. Children were 7–12 years of age. “Cool” EFs were assessed with a spatial span task and a card sorting test. “Hot” EFs were assessed using a delay discounting task and a gambling task. ADHD-ODD and ADHD+ODD groups performed more poorly on “cool” EF tasks than controls, but did not differ from each other. Furthermore, the number of ADHD symptoms, but not ODD symptoms, was associated with “cool” EF scores. The three groups did not differ on “hot” EF tasks and the number of ADHD or ODD symptoms was unrelated to “hot” EF scores. In sum, children with ADHD presented with “cool” EF deficits which appear to be unrelated to ODD comorbidity. However, “hot” EF deficits were not present among children with ADHD, irrespective of comorbid ODD status. (JINS, 2015,21, 584–595)

A multidomain cascade model of early childhood risk factors associated with oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in a community sample of 6-year-olds

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1547-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Lavigne ◽  
Karen R. Gouze ◽  
Joyce Hopkins ◽  
Fred B. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Odd Symptoms ◽  
Child Factors ◽  
Parental Hostility

AbstractThe present study examined a cascade model of age 4 and 5 contextual, parent, parenting, and child factors on symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) at age 6 in a diverse community sample of 796 children. Contextual factors include socioeconomic status, family stress, and conflict; parent factors included parental depression; parenting factors included parental hostility, support, and scaffolding skills; child factors included child effortful control (EC), negative affect (NA), and sensory regulation. Direct effects of age 5 conflict, hostility, scaffolding, EC, and NA were found. Significant indirect, cascading effects on age 6 ODD symptom levels were noted for age 4 socioeconomic status via age 5 conflict and scaffolding skills; age 4 parental depression via age 5 child NA; age 4 parental hostility and support via age 5 EC; age 4 support via age 5 EC; and age 4 attachment via age 5 EC. Parenting contributed to EC, and the age 5 EC effects on subsequent ODD symptom levels were distinct from age 5 parental contributions. Scaffolding and ODD symptoms may have a reciprocal relationship. These results highlight the importance of using a multidomain model to examine factors associated with ODD symptoms early in the child's grammar school years.

The Characteristics and Age Effects of Emotional Lability in ADHD Children With and Without Oppositional Defiant Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2042-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Wai Chen ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Jia Cheng ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Adhd Children

Objective: This study evaluated the concurrent validity of emotional lability (EL) in children with ADHD. Method: A total of 2,015 children with ADHD and 745 typically developed controls (TDCs) were assessed and compared on EL. Results: ADHD participants expressed higher EL scores than TDCs, not influenced by gender or IQ. Higher levels of EL symptoms were found in children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and with ADHD-combined subtype. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed a strong screening efficacy of EL symptoms on ADHD. The effect of developmental age on EL showed a desisting pattern in TDCs, as opposed to a persisting pattern in ADHD (not influenced by ODD comorbid status). ODD symptoms in ADHD showed an ascending pattern. Conclusion: EL can potentially serve as a sentinel index for the presence of ADHD, especially when the ADHD presentation is atypical. ODD may embody a developmental entity distinct from EL.

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