Use of psychotropic agents in preschool children: associated symptoms, diagnoses, and health care services in a health maintenance organization.

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
&NA;
1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Warren Salmon

This paper presents a political economic framework for viewing the social organization of the delivery of health care services and predicting a qualitatively different institutional configuration involving the health maintenance organization. The principal forces impacting American capitalism today are leading to a fundamental restructuring for increased social efficiency of the entire social welfare sector, including the health services industry. The method to achieve this restructuring involves health policy directed at raising the contribution to the social surplus from the delivery of health care services and eventual corporate domination. The health maintenance organization conceptualization is examined with suggestions as to how the HMO strategy promoted by the state leads to this corporate takeover. The mechanism and extent of the present corporate involvement are examined and implications of health services as a social control mechanism are presented.


2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Hanau

L’autore affronta il tema della allocazione delle risorse sanitarie adottando una prospettiva etico-politica di tipo solidale. In particolare, viene messo in risalto come la sanità pubblica italiana comporti una spesa a carico del cittadino sempre maggiore, soprattutto per determinate categorie di soggetti quali i malati cronici non autosufficienti. Una indagine condotta per conto dell’OMS rileva infatti che in Italia i malati affetti da patologie più gravi ricevono in proporzione meno cure dei pazienti con patologie di grado lieve/moderato. Si tratta, dunque, del cosiddetto “effetto Matteo” - mutuato dalla espressione evangelica - secondo cui “a chi ha sarà dato e a chi non ha sarà tolto anche quello che ha”. Traslato alla realtà sanitaria ciò esita nel deprecabile superamento del criterio di severità clinica quale caposaldo dell’assistenza socio-sanitaria a vantaggio di criteri economicistici rappresentati da un uso improprio del sistema di remunerazione delle prestazioni sanitarie secondo DRG, che penalizza il produttore il quale sfori il limite di budget fissato dalle autorità sanitarie, magari a motivo di una maggiore attenzione all’assistenza dei malati cronici e/o disabili. Va peraltro considerato che la medicina attuale sconta altri limiti oltre a quelli relativi alle risorse, in particolare il limite rappresentato dalla finitezza umana, di cui occorrerebbe prendere serenamente atto. L'articolo considera peraltro in modo analitico alcuni strumenti utilizzati per la valutazione dell’efficacia e dell’efficienza degli interventi sanitari (QALYs, EQALYs, UVG, UVH, ROSES), mettendone in risalto punti di forza e criticità. In definitiva, occorre riferirsi sempre ad un criterio solidaristico, adottando peraltro una rigorosa logica di cura ed assistenza personalizzate, il che consentirebbe un utilizzo ottimale di risorse. ---------- The Author faces the issue of the allocation of the health resources adopting a solidarity ethical perspective. Particularly, it is underlined that Italian health care system involve an expense more and more in charge of the citizen, above all for subjects with chronic pathologies. In fact, a survey by WHO highlights that in Italy the sick affected by serious pathologies (disability, mental disease) receive less care than patients with slight/moderate diseases: therefore, the so called “Matthew effect”. In this perspective, the “clinical severity” criterion is overcome by the economical one, the perspective payment system of health care services is utilized in improper way and penalizes the health maintenance organization that dedicate great attention to chronic sick. On the other hand, the medicine has indubitable limits: resources, but above all, the probabilistic nature of outcomes and the finite nature of man. The article considers some tools used for the evaluation of effectiveness and the efficiency of health interventions (QALYs, EQALYs, UVG, UVH, ROSES), bringing out strengths and weaknesses. Finally, it is always necessary to refer to a solidarity criterion, adopting a rigorous logics of care and personalized care: this approach would allow a better use of resources.


Author(s):  
Chudamani Poudel ◽  
Ramesh Baral

There are many barriers that keep people with disabilities from fully engaging in health care services. This study assessed the direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect cost as well as potential barriers and obstacles that people with spinal cord injury and intellectual disabilities faced in accessing health care services. This study conducted in Chitwan district of Nepal used both quantitative and qualitative information. For quantitative study, structured interview were conducted to assess the cost involved in health care services with 60 persons divided into Physical (spinal cord injury) and intellectual disability. In-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted for qualitative study to find out their experiences regarding barriers, coping strategies and their needs and expectation when accessing health care services.Physical (spinal cord injury) disability accounted 46.67% while 53.33% were intellectual disabled. 48.3% were in poor health and 51.67% in fair health condition. The total mean values of direct medical cost for both types of disability were Rs. 6682.53 in the past six month. The qualitative reports suggest that people with severe disability faces numbers of barriers in accessing health services. This is seen as the key reason for their poor health outcome. High cost incurred in medical services and physical health maintenance, worse socio-economic status, and layers of barriers in accessing health care services were the reason of poorer health outcome and exclusion from the society.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 23&24 No. 1-2, (2017) Combined Issue, Page : 102-112


1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Polich ◽  
Marcie Parker ◽  
Lucy Rose Fischer ◽  
William Pastor ◽  
Laura Pitt

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana J. Ferradas ◽  
G. Nicole Rider ◽  
Johanna D. Williams ◽  
Brittany J. Dancy ◽  
Lauren R. Mcghee

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