EFFECTS OF DEEP WATER AND TREADMILL RUNNING ON OXYGEN UPTAKE AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN SEASONALLY TRAINED CROSS COUNTRY RUNNERS 1264

The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary adequacy of 12 collegiate cross-country runners during a competitive season. Four-day diet records were collected twice during the season and analyzed for total daily energy, macronutrients, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin , folate, iron, magnesium, zinc, and calcium. Mean energy intake (3,248 ± 590 kcal) was not significantly different from estimated mean energy expenditure (3,439 ± 244 kcal). Week 8 mean prealbumin levels were within normal limits (26.8 ± 2.8 mg/dl). Mean daily CHO intake was 497 ± 134 g/day (61.2%). Three to four hours prior to competition a pre-race meal was consumed; it contained 82 ± 47 g CHO. Posteompetition CHO intake was delayed an average 2.5 hr; at that time approximately 2.6 ± 0.69 g CHO/kg body weight was consumed. The athletes appeared to demonstrate dietary adequacy with the exception of timing of posteompetition carbohydrate consumption.

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Maximal Responses to Treadmill and Deep Water Running in High School Female Cross Country Runners

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport ◽

10.1080/02701367.1991.10608716 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 236-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Nancy Kay Butts ◽

Mary Tucker ◽

Robert Smith

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Deep Water ◽

Cross Country ◽

Cross Country Runners ◽

Deep Water Running

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Older Women’s Cardiovascular Responses to Deep-Water Running

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.14.1.29 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gi Broman ◽

Miguel Quintana ◽

Margareta Engardt ◽

Lennart Gullstrand ◽

Eva Jansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Deep Water ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Maximal Exercise Test ◽

Deep Water Running

The aim of the study was to examine submaximal and maximal physiological responses and perceived exertion during deep-water running with a vest compared with the responses during treadmill running in healthy elderly women. Eleven healthy women 70 ± 2 years old participated. On two different occasions they performed a graded maximal exercise test on a treadmill on land and a graded maximal exercise test in water wearing a vest. At maximal work the oxygen uptake was 29% lower (p < .05), the heart rate was 8% lower (p < .05), and the ventilation was 16% lower (p < .05) during deep-water running than during treadmill running. During submaximal absolute work the heart rate was higher during deep-water running than during treadmill running for the elderly women. The participants had lower maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, ventilation, respiratory-exchange ratio, and rate of perceived exertion during maximal deep-water running with a vest than during maximal treadmill running. These responses were, however, higher during submaximal deep-water running than during treadmill running.

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Pre-season Maximum Oxygen Uptake of Female Division III Cross-Country Runners

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000517222.97776.e7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5S) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Ana B. Freire Ribeiro ◽

Darby R. Lindgren ◽

Michael A. Kantor ◽

Ali Kanan ◽

Sophie E. Olson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽

Division Iii ◽

Cross Country ◽

Cross Country Runners

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Oxygen uptake and energy expenditure during horizontal treadmill running

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1980.49.4.571 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 571-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R. D. Hagan ◽

T. Strathman ◽

L. Strathman ◽

L. R. Gettman

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Stepwise Regression ◽

Aerobic Power ◽

Linear Equations ◽

Maximal Aerobic Power ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Curvilinear Regression

The purpose of this investigation was to compare linear and curvilinear regression equations relating oxygen uptake and energy expenditure to running velocity and to examine the effects of age, sex, and maximal aerobic power on these relations in well-conditioned male and female runners. One-variable linear equations that use running velocity as the independent variable for predicting oxygen uptake and energy expenditure ahd coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.86 and 0.897, respectively. Two-variable linear equations that use body mass and velocity as independent variables had r2 values of 0.895 and 0.901 for the same relation. Age sex, and maximal aerobic power did not influence the relations between oxygen uptake, energy expenditure, and running velocity. Stepwise regression indicated that the two-variable linear equations had the highest r2 values suggesting that between the running velocities of 8.8 and 16.9 km.h-1 these equations best express the relation of oxygen uptake and energy expenditure to running velocity.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART RATE AND OXYGEN UPTAKE DURING DEEP WATER AND TREADMILL RUNNING.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-199505001-01369 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S244

Author(s):

J. A. Mercer ◽

R. L. Jensen ◽

C. F. Fromme

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Deep Water ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

The Relationship

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Physiological responses and cycle characteristics during double-poling versus diagonal-stride roller-skiing in junior cross-country skiers

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-021-04689-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erik P. Andersson ◽

Irina Hämberg ◽

Paulo Cesar Do Nascimento Salvador ◽

Kerry McGawley

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽

Submaximal Exercise ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Double Poling ◽

Cross Country

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to compare physiological factors and cycle characteristics during cross-country (XC) roller-skiing at matched inclines and speeds using the double-poling (DP) and diagonal-stride (DS) sub-techniques in junior female and male XC skiers. Methods Twenty-three well-trained junior XC skiers (11 women, 12 men; age 18.2 ± 1.2 yr.) completed two treadmill roller-skiing tests in a randomized order using either DP or DS. The exercise protocols were identical and included a 5 min warm-up, 4 × 5 min submaximal stages, and an incremental test to exhaustion, all performed at a 5° incline. Results No significant three-way interactions were observed between sex, submaximal exercise intensity, and sub-technique. For the pooled sample, higher values were observed for DP versus DS during submaximal exercise for the mean oxygen uptake kinetics response time (33%), energy cost (18%), heart rate (HR) (9%), blood lactate concentration (5.1 versus 2.1 mmol·L−1), rating of perceived exertion (12%), and cycle rate (25%), while cycle length was lower (19%) (all P < 0.001). During the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test, peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak), peak HR, and peak oxygen pulse were 8%, 2%, and 6% lower, respectively, for DP than DS, with a 29% shorter TTE during DP (pooled data, all P < 0.001). Conclusion In well-trained junior XC skiers, DP was found to exert a greater physiological load than DS during uphill XC roller-skiing at submaximal intensities. During the TTE test, both female and male athletes were able to ski for longer and reached markedly higher $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak values when using DS compared to DP.

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