EFFECT OF WARM AND COLD WATER EXPOSURE ON POSTTETANIC TWITCH POTENTIATION(PTP)

AbstractObjectiveA survey was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients treated for hypothermia after the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsWritten questionnaires were distributed to 72 emergency medical hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture. Data were requested regarding inpatients with a temperature less than 36ºC admitted within 72 hours after the earthquake. The availability of functional heating systems and the time required to restore heating after the earthquake were also documented.ResultsA total of 91 inpatients from 13 hospitals were identified. Tsunami victims comprised 73% of the patients with hypothermia. Within 24 hours of the earthquake, 66 patients were admitted. Most patients with a temperature of 32ºC or higher were treated with passive external rewarming with blankets. Discharge without sequelae was reported for 83.3% of patients admitted within 24 hours of the earthquake and 44.0% of those admitted from 24 to 72 hours after the earthquake. Heating systems were restored within 3 days of the earthquake at 43% of the hospitals.ConclusionsHypothermia in patients hospitalized within 72 hours of the earthquake was primarily due to cold-water exposure during the tsunami. Many patients were successfully treated in spite of the post-earthquake disruption of regional social infrastructure.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-11)

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Hemodynamic response patterns to acute behavioral stressors resemble those to cocaine

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.r1778 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 281 (6) ◽

pp. R1778-R1786 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mark M. Knuepfer ◽

Robert M. Purcell ◽

Qi Gan ◽

Khoi M. Le

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Output ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽

Vascular Resistance ◽

Cold Water ◽

Hemodynamic Response ◽

Suitable Model ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Water Exposure ◽

Air Jet

Hemodynamic responses to cocaine vary greatly between animals, and the variability is related to the incidence of cocaine-induced cardiomyopathies and hypertension. The variability in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance responses to cocaine in individuals is correlated with the responses to acute startle (air jet). This experiment was designed to determine whether responses to cocaine and to air jet are related to those evoked by a conditioned stimulus (tone preceding foot shock) and to an unconditioned stimulus (cold water). We verified the relationship in hemodynamic response patterns between cocaine and cold stress using selective receptor antagonists. Rats were instrumented with a pulsed Doppler flow probe on the ascending aorta for determination of cardiac output and with an arterial cannula for recording arterial pressure and heart rate. After recovery, some rats were tested multiple times with four different stimuli: air jet (6 trials), 15-s tone preceding 1-s foot shock (12 trials), cold water exposure (1 cm deep for 1 min, 4–12 trials), and cocaine (5 mg/kg iv, 4–6 trials) while hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Each stimulus was capable of eliciting a pressor response that was associated with variable changes in cardiac output. The cardiac output response to cocaine was correlated with the initial responses to each stressor in individual rats. Responses evoked by cold stress were most similar to those elicited by cocaine. Furthermore, nicardipine (25 μg/kg iv) or atropine methylbromide (0.5 mg/kg iv) pretreatment prevented the cardiac output differences to acute cold stress, as noted after cocaine administration. On the other hand, propranolol (1 mg/kg iv) exacerbated both the decrease in cardiac output and the stress-induced increase in systemic vascular resistance as previously reported with cocaine. Therefore, the initial response to cold water exposure is a reliable method of evoking characteristic hemodynamic response patterns that, as seen with cocaine, may provide a suitable model for identifying the causes for predilection to stress-induced cardiovascular disease.

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Effects of chronic cold water exposure in fish harvesters on sensory and motor performance and cold tolerance

International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics ◽

10.1504/ijhfe.2020.10034343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Heather Carnahan ◽

Emily Walsh ◽

Brianna Walsh ◽

Jillian Holden ◽

Chantel Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Cold Tolerance ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Exposure

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Cold water exposure and vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82156-0 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 407-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Linda M.S. Resar ◽

Frank A. Oski

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anemia ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Exposure

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14 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO REST AND EXERCISE DURING ACUTE COLD WATER EXPOSURE

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-199405001-00015 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 26 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S3

Author(s):

V. J. Paolone ◽

A. R. Baruch ◽

M. M. Flsher ◽

M. K. Shea

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Exposure ◽

Rest And Exercise

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Acute cold stress and mild hypothermia impact on short-term, working memory and attention

Biologija ◽

10.6001/biologija.v61i1.3106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Henrikas Paulauskas ◽

Marius Brazaitis ◽

Dalia Mickevičienė ◽

Kazimieras Pukėnas ◽

Nerijus Eimantas

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Cold Water ◽

Mild Hypothermia ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Short Term ◽

Control Measurement ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Water Exposure ◽

Cold Strain

The effect of single acute cold water exposure on the cognitive function (short-term, working memory and attention) was examined in 25 male subjects who were exposed to 14 °C cold water (air temperature ~22 °C, rh ~45%) in the semi-recumbent posture (up to the shoulders) until the rectal temperature (Tre) dropped to 35.5 °C. 6 subjects were excluded from the study, because we do not reach a necessary condition to drop their (Tre) to 35.5 °C in 170 minutes during a passive cooling procedure. During the cold exposure rectal (Tre), skin (Tsk) temperatures, heart rate (HR) were measured and cold strain (CSI) was calculated. A cognitive test battery (EFFECTON-COLD) was administrated two times (randomized): as a control measurement (CONTROL) and after the single acute cold water exposure (COLD). After COLD Tre and Tsk significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The average of HR and COLD time was 82.61 ± 4.09 and 93.68 ± 8.66, respectively. The COLD induced CSI resulted as high cold strain (7.02 ± 0.22). The present study manifested that mild hypothermia and high cold strain experienced in humans during acute cold stress, impair memory and attention tests performance in more complex tasks (tasks requiring working memory, attention concentration, sustention and speed of information processing) while simple tasks remain unaffected (tasks requiring short-term memory and attention concentration for fast response).

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Impact of Water Exposure and Temperature Changes on Skin Barrier Function

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm11020298 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Manuel Herrero-Fernandez ◽

Trinidad Montero-Vilchez ◽

Pablo Diaz-Calvillo ◽

Maria Romera-Vilchez ◽

Agustin Buendia-Eisman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Barrier Function ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Hot Water ◽

Skin Barrier Function ◽

Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽

Water Exposure ◽

The Impact

The frequency of hand hygiene has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is little evidence regarding the impact of water exposure and temperature on skin. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of water exposure and temperature on skin barrier function in healthy individuals. A prospective observational study was conducted. Temperature, pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were measured objectively before and after hot- and cold-water exposure and TempTest® (Microcaya TempTest, Bilbao, Spain) contact. Fifty healthy volunteers were enrolled. Hot-water exposure increased TEWL (25.75 vs. 58.58 g·h−1·m−2), pH (6.33 vs. 6.65) and erythema (249.45 vs. 286.34 AU). Cold-water immersion increased TEWL (25.75 vs. 34.96 g·h−1·m−2) and pH (6.33 vs. 6.62). TEWL (7.99 vs. 9.98 g·h−1·m−2) and erythema (209.07 vs. 227.79 AU) increased after being in contact with the hot region (44 °C) of the TempTest. No significant differences were found after contact with the cold region (4 °C) of the TempTest. In conclusion, long and continuous water exposure damages skin barrier function, with hot water being even more harmful. It would be advisable to use cold or lukewarm water for handwashing and avoid hot water. Knowing the proper temperature for hand washing might be an important measure to prevent flares in patients with previous inflammatory skin diseases on their hands.

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Effects of chronic cold water exposure in fish harvesters on sensory and motor performance and cold tolerance

International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics ◽

10.1504/ijhfe.2020.112505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 314

Author(s):

Chantel Armstrong ◽

Jillian Holden ◽

Brianna Walsh ◽

Emily Walsh ◽

Heather Carnahan

Keyword(s):

Cold Tolerance ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Exposure

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Stressor interactions in freshwater habitats: Effects of cold water exposure and food limitation on early‐life growth and upper thermal tolerance in white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

Freshwater Biology ◽

10.1111/fwb.13224 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Essie M. Rodgers ◽

Anne E. Todgham ◽

Richard E. Connon ◽

Nann A. Fangue

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Thermal Tolerance ◽

Cold Water ◽

Food Limitation ◽

White Sturgeon ◽

Acipenser Transmontanus ◽

Water Exposure ◽

Freshwater Habitats ◽

Upper Thermal Tolerance

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Prevalence of ‘surfer's ear’ in Cornish surfers

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215115000316 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 129 (5) ◽

pp. 440-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B Attlmayr ◽

I M Smith

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Exposure Time ◽

External Auditory Canal ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Cold Water ◽

Health Resources ◽

Average Increase ◽

Water Exposure ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Surgical Operations

AbstractObjectives:To establish the prevalence of external auditory canal exostosis (‘surfer's ear’) in Cornish surfers and investigate the potential impact on healthcare.Method:A total of 105 surfers were interviewed and otologically assessed on popular Cornish beaches. The degree of exostosis was graded as mild, moderate or severe.Results:The prevalence of external auditory canal exostosis was 63.81 per cent (33.33 per cent mild, 18.10 per cent moderate and 12.38 per cent severe). The degree of exostosis showed a significant correlation with absolute cold-water exposure time. However, there was individual variation in susceptibility to external auditory canal exostosis; 12 per cent of surfers with excessive cold-water exposure showed no exostosis. Regression analysis of surgical operations performed at the Royal Cornwall Hospital for exostosis over the last 13 years revealed an average increase of 1.23 operations per year, with an average of 13 cases per year over the last 9 years.Conclusion:Exostosis of the external auditory canal is common in Cornish surfers. There appears to be individual variation in terms of susceptibility to this condition. The possible reasons for this are discussed. The increase in the technically difficult surgical operations performed for exostosis is likely to have implications for health resources in the future.

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