Intravenous self-administration of heroin/cocaine combinations (speedball) using nose-poke or lever-press operant responding in mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. David ◽  
I. Polis ◽  
J. McDonald ◽  
L.H. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Lever Press ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Operant Responding ◽  
Nose Poke

scholarly journals Reducing effect of a Phaseolus vulgaris dry extract on operant self-administration of a chocolate-flavoured beverage in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Maccioni ◽  
Giancarlo Colombo ◽  
Antonella Riva ◽  
Paolo Morazzoni ◽  
Ezio Bombardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Derivatives Of

Extracts from or derivatives of Phaseolus vulgaris beans reduce body weight and food intake, including highly palatable foods and fluids, in multiple rodent models of overeating and obesity. The present study was designed to assess whether a standardised P. vulgaris dry extract was effective in reducing also the operant self-administration of a chocolate-flavoured beverage. To this end, rats were initially trained to lever-press for a chocolate-flavoured beverage under a fixed ratio 10 schedule of reinforcement in daily 60 min sessions. Once lever-responding reached stable levels, the effect of a P. vulgaris dry extract on the number of lever-responses for the chocolate-flavoured beverage was determined. Pretreatment with 50, 200 and 500 mg (intragastric) P. vulgaris dry extract per kg produced an approximate 15, 35 and 40 % reduction, respectively, in lever-responding for the chocolate-flavoured beverage. These results indicate the capacity of a P. vulgaris preparation to reduce the reinforcing properties of a highly palatable fluid in rats.

Operant responding for a visual reinforcer in rats is enhanced by noncontingent nicotine: implications for nicotine self-administration and reinforcement

2003 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Donny ◽  
Nadia Chaudhri ◽  
Anthony R. Caggiula ◽  
F. Fay Evans-Martin ◽  
Sheri Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Operant Responding

Method for training operant responding and evaluating cocaine self-administration behavior in mutant mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Caine ◽  
S. Stevens Negus ◽  
Nancy K. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Operant Responding

scholarly journals Evidence for a vocal signature in the rat and its reinforcing effects: a key role for the subthalamic nucleus

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1965) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandre Vielle ◽  
Christian Montanari ◽  
Yann Pelloux ◽  
Christelle Baunez
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Vocal Signature ◽  
Reinforcing Effects

Although rodents have a well-structured vocal form of communication, like humans and non-human primates, there is, to date, no evidence for a vocal signature in the well-known 50- and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by rats. Here, we show that rats can recognize the identity of the USV emitter since they choose to preferentially self-administer playback of 50-kHz USVs emitted by a stranger rat over those of their cagemate. In a second experiment, we show that only stranger, but not familiar, 50-kHz USVs reduce cocaine self-administration. Finally, to study the neurobiological substrate of these processes, we have shown that subthalamic nucleus (STN)-lesioned rats did not lever press much for any USV playback, whatever their emotional valence, nor did they seem able to differentiate familiar from stranger peer. Advocating for the existence of a vocal signature in rats, these results highlight the importance of ultrasonic communication in the socio-affective influence of behaviour, such as the influence of proximal social factors on drug consumption and confirm the role of the STN on this influence.

scholarly journals Disruption of relapse to alcohol seeking by aversive counterconditioning following memory retrieval

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koral Goltseker ◽  
Hen Handrus ◽  
Segev Barak
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Memory Reconsolidation ◽  
Place Conditioning ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Cocaine Seeking ◽  
Lever Pressing ◽  
Alcohol Seeking

AbstractRelapse to alcohol abuse is often caused by exposure to potent alcohol-associated cues. Therefore, disruption of the cue-alcohol memory can prevent relapse. It is believed that memories destabilize and become prone for updating upon their reactivation through retrieval, and then re-stabilize within 6 h during a “reconsolidation” process. We recently showed that relapse to cocaine seeking could be prevented by counterconditioning the cocaine-cues with aversive outcomes following cocaine-memory retrieval, in a place conditioning paradigm. However, to better model addiction-related behaviors, self-administration models are necessary. Here, we demonstrate that relapse to alcohol seeking can be prevented by aversive counterconditioning conducted during alcohol-memory reconsolidation, in conditioned place preference (CPP) and operant self-administration paradigms, in mice and rats, respectively. We found that the reinstatement of alcohol-CPP was abolished only when aversive counterconditioning with water-flooding was given shortly after alcohol-memory retrieval. Furthermore, rats trained to lever-press for alcohol showed decreased context-induced renewal of alcohol-seeking responding when the lever-pressing was counterconditioned with foot-shocks, shortly, but not 6 h, after memory retrieval. These results 0suggest that aversive counterconditioning can prevent relapse to alcohol seeking only when performed during alcohol-memory reconsolidation, presumably by updating, or replacing, the alcohol memory with aversive information. Also, we found that aversive counterconditioning preceded by alcohol-memory retrieval was characterized by upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that Bdnf plays a role in the memory updating process.

Behavioral Thermoregulation with Microwave Radiation of Albino Rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Jerry M. Mott ◽  
Joseph M. Quinn ◽  
Kathy L. Loskamp ◽  
Rebecca S. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Operant Responding ◽  
Reinforcing Value ◽  
Reversal Design

The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the extent to which microwave radiation would reinforce operant behavior in a cold environment. A reversal-design with the single subject serving as its own control was used for testing the reinforcing properties of microwaves. Six albino rats were conditioned to produce 6-sec. pulses of microwave radiation within a refrigerated environment. The schedule of reinforcement was continuous (erf). Each lever press produced a 6-sec. output of microwave radiation. The intensity of radiation was varied across blocks of sessions in the reversal design. Microwave values used were as follows: 62.5 W, 125 W, 250 W, and 437.5 W. Sessions lasted from 8 to 9 hr. over an approximate 7-mo. period. Results showed that rates of operant responding varied as a direct function of microwave intensity. Relatively high mean rates were associated with moderate microwave intensity (250 W), whereas lower mean rates of responding were associated with extreme microwave intensities (62.5 W and 437.5 W) in the reversal design. These data are explained in terms of satiation and deprivation of the reinforcing value of microwave radiation.

scholarly journals Effects of the Type of Reinforcer on Renewal of Operant Responding

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinthia Hernández ◽  
Kenneth Madrigal ◽  
Carlos Flores
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Schedule ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Operant Responding ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Lever Pressing ◽  
Renewal Effect ◽  
Acquisition Response

Some studies have identified that ABA renewal seems to depend on how response-reinforcer contingency is established. Using rats as subjects, the present study assessed ABA and ABB renewal using a two-component multiple schedule (VI30 s - VI30 s) each with a different reinforcer (pellets or sucrose). 16 subjects were trained to lever-press during 20 sessions in Context A; lever-pressing was extinguished during 10 sessions in Context B. And for the renewal test, 8 subjects were tested in Context A (Group ABA); whereas, the rest were tested in Context B (Group ABB). During acquisition, response rates were higher on the pellets component than the sucrose component; during extinction, response rates decreased to near-zero responses. A renewal effect was observed only for Group ABA during test, showing no differences between components. Our results suggest that different type of reinforcers do not seem to affect ABA renewal, using different contexts allows for renewal to be observed regardless of the differences in response rates during acquisition.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharin Consumption on Operant Responding for Sugar Reward and Incubation of Sugar Craving in Rats

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Aoyama ◽  
Akane Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lever Press ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Saccharin Consumption ◽  
Operant Responding ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Reactivity Test ◽  
Compound Cue

Repeated experience with artificial sweeteners increases food consumption and body weight gain in rats. Saccharin consumption may reduce the conditioned satiety response to sweet-tasting food. Rats were trained to press a lever to obtain sucrose for five days. A compound cue (tone + light) was presented with every sucrose delivery. On the following day, each lever press produced only the compound cue (cue-reactivity test). Subjects were then provided with yogurt for three weeks in their home cages. The rats were divided into two groups. Rats in the saccharin group received yogurt sweetened with saccharin on some days and unsweetened yogurt on others. For the plain group, only unsweetened plain yogurt was provided. Subsequently, the cue-reactivity test was conducted again. On the following day, the rats underwent a consumption test in which each lever press was reinforced with sucrose. Chow consumption and body weight gain were larger in the saccharin group than in the plain group. Lever responses increased from the first to the second cue-reactivity tests (incubation of craving) in both groups. During the consumption test, lever responses were higher in the saccharin group than in the plain group, suggesting that the conditioned satiety response was impaired in the saccharin group.

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