Authorsʼ response to ‘HIV and infant feeding: a complex issue in resource-limited settings’ by Becquet and Leroy, to the letter to the editors by Coutsoudis et al., and to ‘Increased risk of infant HIV infection with early mixed feeding’ by Piwoz and Humphrey

AIDS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 1720-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Magoni ◽  
Marina Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals HIV and infant feeding: a complex issue in resource-limited settings

AIDS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 1717-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Becquet ◽  
Valériane Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Resource Limited

scholarly journals Efavirenz induced gynecomastia, hidden reality: a case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Dnyanesh N. Morkar ◽  
Ankita Aneja ◽  
Rishabh Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Drug Adherence ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Haart Therapy

The prognosis of HIV infection has considerably improved following the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy by reducing AIDS related morbidity and mortality. At the same time, ART drugs are well known for their side effects. Gynaecomastia is a lesser known side effect of a commonly used anti-retroviral drug efavirenz. There are very few reports of HAART-induced gynaecomastia in resource-limited settings. The current study presents a series of three cases that developed ultrasound confirmed gynaecomastia following efavirenz containing HAART. Initial reports of gynaecomastia related to HAART were in HIV patients with lipodystrophy, they were termed as pseudogynaecomastia. Gradually, few reports of efavirenz related gynaecomastia were published wherein other causes of gynaecomastia were ruled out. Several hypothesis have been suggested for the pathophysiology of development of gynaecomastia related to efavirenz consumption. All other causes were ruled out in our patients too. The incidence of gynaecomastia is increasing in men with HIV on HAART therapy, proper identification and management will promote better drug adherence.

scholarly journals Home testing for HIV infection in resource-limited settings

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishani Ganguli ◽  
Ingrid V. Bassett ◽  
Krista L. Dong ◽  
Rochelle P. Walensky
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Home Testing

scholarly journals HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Wentzel Dowling ◽  
Kirsten Veldsman ◽  
Mary Grace Katusiime ◽  
Jean Maritz ◽  
Peter Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Mixed Infant Feeding Is Not Associated With Increased Risk of Decelerated Growth Among WIC-Participating Children in Southern California

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Anderson ◽  
Shannon E. Whaley ◽  
Catherine M. Crespi ◽  
May C. Wang ◽  
M. Pia Chaparro
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Growth Deceleration

Background: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutrition assistance to half of infants born in the United States. The nationally representative WIC Infants and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 (ITFPS-2) reported a caloric deficit at 7 months among infants receiving WIC mixed feeding packages, suggesting these infants may be at risk for growth deceleration/faltering.Methods: Longitudinal administrative data collected prospectively from WIC participants in Southern California between 2010 and 2019 were used (n = 16,255). Infant lengths and weights were used to calculate weight-for-length (WLZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and length-for-age (LAZ) z-scores at different time points. Growth deceleration/faltering was determined at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months by the change in z-score from the last measurement taken ≤ 6 months of age. Infant feeding was categorized by the food package (breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and formula feeding) infants received from WIC at 7 months. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between WIC infant package at 7 months and deceleration/faltering at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months.Results: The proportion of infants displaying decelerated/faltering growth was low for all infant food package groups. Receiving the WIC mixed feeding package at 7 months of age was not associated with WLZ, WAZ, and LAZ deceleration/faltering growth.Conclusions: Growth deceleration/faltering rates were very low among WIC participating children in Southern California, highlighting the critical role of nutrition assistance in supporting adequate growth in early childhood.

scholarly journals A Reverse Transcriptase Assay for Early Diagnosis of Infant HIV Infection in Resource-limited Settings

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivapalasingam ◽  
U. Patel ◽  
V. Itri ◽  
M. Laverty ◽  
K. Mandaliya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Assay

scholarly journals The Role of Mixed-feeding in Undermining Breastfeeding: Analysis of the 2018 Scottish Infant Feeding Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 785-785
Author(s):  
Stamatia Michalopoulou ◽  
Ada Garcia ◽  
Linda Wolfson ◽  
Charlotte Wright
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation ◽  
Breastfeeding Problems

Abstract Objectives Mixed-feeding (MF), the use of formula with breastfeeding is commonly followed by early breastfeeding cessation, but the actual mechanism for this is not yet clear. We aimed to investigate i) the reasons why breastfeeding mothers start mixed feeding, ii) its association with later lactation, and iii) the role health staff play in discouraging mixed-feeding and supporting continued breastfeeding. Methods Participants were mothers in the Scottish Maternal and Infant Feeding Survey (2018) cohort, who had ever breastfed their infants and completed questionnaires at infant age 8–12 weeks, reporting on feeding intentions, feeding practice, breastfeeding problems, reasons for use of formula and sociodemographic data. Mothers who planned to mixed-feed from the outset, were defined as early MF, while those who had not intended to mixed feed but did so, were defined as reactive MF. Results Of 1974 initially breastfeeding mothers, 65% had mixed-fed at some point. At 6 weeks, 32% had ceased breastfeeding, 22% were mixed-feeding and 46% were still exclusively breastfeeding. Early breastfeeding problems (<2 weeks) were common (65%) and related to stopping breastfeeding (Relative Risk [RR]:3.23, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.0, 5.3). Using survival modelling, adjusting for early and late breastfeeding problems, and sociodemographic factors, reactive MF were less likely than early MF to have stopped breastfeeding (Hazard Ratio [HR]:0.57, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.8). In multivariate analysis, increased risk of breastfeeding cessation was associated with intention to mixed-feed (RR:3.39, 95%CI: 2.4, 4.9), and introduction of formula due to convenience (RR:3.21, 95%CI: 2.3, 4.4); the latter was also associated with later lactational issues (RR:1.76, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.3). Mothers who received specialist lactation support were less likely to cease breastfeeding (RR:0.63, 95%CI: 0.5, 0.9) but other input was not protective. Conclusions Mothers often choose to mix-feed their infants from the first weeks, even in absence of breastfeeding problems. Maternal and child health programs need to counsel mothers against mixed-feeding and provide skilled help for breastfeeding issues. Funding Sources N/A.

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