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Published By Springer-Verlag

1548-3576, 1548-3568

Author(s):  
Carol W. Holtzman ◽  
Catherine Godfrey ◽  
Lawal Ismail ◽  
Elliot Raizes ◽  
Julie A. Ake ◽  
...  
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Author(s):  
Neeraja Bhavaraju ◽  
Kathleen Shears ◽  
Katie Schwartz ◽  
Saiqa Mullick ◽  
Patriciah Jeckonia ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose of review Clinical trials have found that the dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR) is safe to use and effective at reducing women’s risk of acquiring HIV infection. As countries prepare for the introduction of this novel long-acting, woman-controlled prevention method, an examination of key learnings from oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery will help programs leverage successful innovations and approaches to support DVR scale-up and expand the method mix for HIV prevention. Recent findings Intensive efforts over the past 5 years have yielded lessons on how to facilitate access to oral PrEP; expand service delivery for PrEP; address the knowledge, attitudes, and skills providers need to support PrEP initiation and effective use; develop messaging that builds community and partner support and combats stigma; and understand the cyclical nature of PrEP use. Summary Evidence from oral PrEP introduction and scale-up can help inform and expedite DVR introduction.


Author(s):  
Rebecca Abelman ◽  
Phyllis C. Tien

Abstract Purpose of Review To describe research advances in the menopausal transition (MT) and its effects on HIV replication, immune activation, and metabolic parameters in women living with HIV (WLWH). Recent Findings. Physiologic changes due to declines in ovarian reserve characterize the MT. Evidence suggests that estrogen depletion influences HIV replication and the latent reservoir. Changes in markers of immune activation, waist circumference, and neurocognition, independent of chronologic age, occur before the final menstrual period (FMP). HIV effects on gut microbial translocation and adipose tissue, as well as health disparities in WLWH may contribute. Improved biomarker sensitivity to predict FMP provides opportunities to study MT in WLWH. Summary Research is needed to determine the effects of MT and HIV on virologic and clinical outcomes, using accurate assessments to predict the FMP and menopausal stages. These findings could inform the timing of interventions to prevent early onset of adverse outcomes in WLWH.


Author(s):  
Michael J. Peluso ◽  
Joanna Hellmuth ◽  
Felicia C. Chow

AbstractThe convergence of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics is an emerging field of interest. In this review, we outline the central nervous system (CNS) effects of COVID-19 in the general population and how these effects may manifest in people with HIV (PWH). We discuss the hypothetical mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 could impact the CNS during both the acute and recovery phases of infection and the potential selective vulnerability of PWH to these effects as a result of epidemiologic, clinical, and biologic factors. Finally, we define key research questions and considerations for the investigation of CNS sequelae of COVID-19 in PWH.


Author(s):  
Yexin Yang ◽  
Akiko Iwasaki

Abstract Purpose of Review The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed into a global pandemic that affect the health of hundreds of millions worldwide. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with chronic human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is of concern, due to their already immunocompromised status. Yet, whether and how the immunological changes brought about by HIV will affect the immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 acute infection and impact the effectiveness of vaccines remain unclear. We discuss the intersection of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals. Recent Findings People living with HIV (PLWH) may be at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease complication due to functional impairment of the immune system and persistent inflammation, which can be ameliorated by antiretroviral therapy. Importantly, limited data suggest that current approved vaccines may be safe and efficacious in PLWH. Summary To address remaining questions and supplement limited experimental evidence, more studies examining the interplay between HIV and SARS-CoV-2 through their impact on the host immune system are required.


Author(s):  
Gregg S. Gonsalves ◽  
Joshua A. Salomon ◽  
Thomas Thornhill ◽  
A. David Paltiel
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Author(s):  
Leigh McClarty ◽  
Lisa Lazarus ◽  
Daria Pavlova ◽  
Sushena Reza-Paul ◽  
Olga Balakireva ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Samuel Wilson ◽  
Benedetta Milanini ◽  
Shireen Javandel ◽  
Primrose Nyamayaro ◽  
Victor Valcour
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