Evaluation of a Comprehensive Loving Support Program among State Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program Breast-feeding Coordinators

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal K. Mitra ◽  
Amal J. Khoury ◽  
Cathy Carothers ◽  
Camille Foretich
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Wic Program

Breast-feeding Among Women Attending Women, Infants, and Children Clinics in Georgia, 1987

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Robin J. MacGowan ◽  
Carol A. MacGowan ◽  
Mary K. Serdula ◽  
J. Michael Lane ◽  
Riduan M. Joesoef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Breast-feeding is an important determinant of the health and nutritional status of children, particularly in lower socioeconomic populations. A major goal of the Georgia Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is to increase the practice of breast-feeding among the women it serves. Breast-feeding practices were determined among a random sample of 404 women from a cohort of 2010 who attended WIC prenatal clinics in Georgia in 1986 and were expected to deliver in February 1987. Respondents were interviewed 6 months postpartum. Of these women, 24% initially breast-fed, but only 6% continued for 6 months or longer. The initiation of breast-feeding was associated with greater maternal education and with being married. The adjusted odds of breast-feeding for mothers who were married or living as married were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 5.3) times greater than for mothers who were not married or living as married. Mothers with more than 12 years, 12 years, or 10 to 11 years of education were 5.2 (1.8 to 15.3), 2.7 (1.0 to 6.9), and 2.5 (0.9 to 6.9) times more likely, respectively, to breast-feed than mothers with 9 or fewer years of education. After adjustment was made for marital status and education, the remaining variables (ethnicity, parity, age, and employment status) did not influence the initiation of breast-feeding in this low-income population. The need for vigorous promotion of breast-feeding by the Georgia WIC program is emphasized by the low rate of initiation and short duration of breast-feeding in this low-income population.

Recent Declines in Breast-Feeding in the United States, 1984 Through 1989

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Ryan ◽  
David Rush ◽  
Fritz W. Krieger ◽  
Gregory E. Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
College Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Supplemental Food ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Breast Feed

Ongoing surveys performed by Ross Laboratories demonstrate recent declines both in the initiation of breast-feeding and continued breast-feeding at 6 months of age. Comparing rates in 1984 and 1989, the initiation of breast-feeding declined approximately 13% (from 59.7% to 52.2%), and there was a 24% decline in the rate of breast-feeding at 6 months of age (from 23.8% to 18.1%). The decline in breast-feeding was seen across all groups studied but was greater in some groups than in others. Logistic regression analysis indicates that white ethnicity, some college education, increased maternal age, and having an infant of normal birth weight were all positively associated with the likelihood of both initiating breast-feeding and continuing to breast-feed to at least 6 months of age. Women who were black and who were younger, no more than high school educated, enrolled in the Women, Infants and Children supplemental food program, working outside the home, not living in the western states, and who had an infant of low birth weight were less likely either to initiate breast-feeding or to be nursing when their children were 6 months of age. The factors influencing the decline in breast-feeding were not uniform. There were fewer sociodemograpahic factors associated with the decline in the initiation of breast-feeding than in the decline in prolonged breast-feeding. While the disparity between older and younger mothers in initiating breast-feeding increased, there was an offsetting trend as the disparity associated with parity decreased. The only other significantly changed relationship for initiation of breast-feeding was that the disparity associated with higher income increased significantly: the decline in the rates of breast-feeding among the less affluent was greater than among the more affluent. Many more sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with declines in breast-feeding at 6 months of age. The disparity between those mothers not employed and those employed increased (from an odds ratio of 1.65 in 1984 to 2.43 in 1989). The disparities associated with age and parity both increased over time: the rate of breast-feeding declined more steeply among younger and primiparous mothers than among older and multiparous mothers. Similarly, the declines were greater among those enrolled in the Women, Infants and Children program (compared with those not enrolled), those with less than a college education (compared with some college education), and those not residing in the western region of the United States (compared with those residing in the West). Educational efforts to promote breast-feeding are needed for all pregnant women and should be particularly directed toward the groups who have experienced the most rapid recent decline in the rates of breast-feeding.

scholarly journals Breast Feeding versus Formula Feeding and Diarrheal Diseases in Infants and Children- A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUH Begum
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In Infants And Children

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasize the value of breastfeeding for mothers as well as children. Both recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Human breast milk is the healthiest form of milk for babies. Breastfeeding promotes health and helps to prevent diseases including diarrheal diseases. It contains all nutrients including antibodies (IgA),and lactoferrin, that potentially prevent infection and diarrhea in infants and children. Studies conducted in both developed and under developed nations have found that breast feeding is associated with significantly ( upto 64%) less diarrheal disease and the protective effect of breast feeding does not persist beyond two months after breast feeding is stopped. On the other hand, formula fed infants are found an upto 80% increased in the risk of developing diarrhea compared to breast fed infants and there is significantly more diarrheal disease in formula fed infants. Infection may be attributable to contamination of bottles, teats, milk, and food in infants who are not exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and there after complementary feedings while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond, enthusiastic support and involvement from clinicians, obstetricians and pediatricians, are essential in “breastfeeding vs formula feeding” issue and to reduce incidence of diarrheal diseases in infants and children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21033 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 26-30

Perinatal depression screening in a Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program: perception of feasibility and acceptability among a multidisciplinary staff

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Tabb ◽  
Shinwoo Choi ◽  
Maria Pineros-Leano ◽  
Brandon Meline ◽  
Hellen G. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Depression Screening ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Multidisciplinary Staff

scholarly journals Deaths and years of life lost due to suboptimal breast-feeding among children in the developing world: a global ecological risk assessment

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A Lauer ◽  
Ana Pilar Betrán ◽  
Aluísio JD Barros ◽  
Mercedes de Onís
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Mother To Child

AbstractObjectiveWe estimate attributable fractions, deaths and years of life lost among infants and children ≤2 years of age due to suboptimal breast-feeding in developing countries.DesignWe compare actual practices to a minimum exposure pattern consisting of exclusive breast-feeding for infants ≤6 months of age and continued breast-feeding for older infants and children ≤2 years of age. For infants, we consider deaths due to diarrhoeal disease and lower respiratory tract infections, and deaths due to all causes are considered in the second year of life. Outcome measures are attributable fractions, deaths, years of life lost and offsetting deaths potentially caused by mother-to-child transmission of HIV through breast-feeding.SettingDeveloping countries.SubjectsInfants and children ≤2 years of age.ResultsAttributable fractions for deaths due to diarrhoeal disease and lower respiratory tract infections are 55% and 53%, respectively, for the first six months of infancy, 20% and 18% for the second six months, and are 20% for all-cause deaths in the second year of life. Globally, as many as 1.45 million lives (117 million years of life) are lost due to suboptimal breast-feeding in developing countries. Offsetting deaths caused by mother-to-child transmission of HIV through breast-feeding could be as high as 242 000 (18.8 million years of life lost) if relevant World Health Organization recommendations are not followed.ConclusionsThe size of the gap between current practice and recommendations is striking when one considers breast-feeding involves no out-of-pocket costs, that there exists universal consensus on best practices, and that implementing current international recommendations could potentially save 1.45 million children's lives each year.

Refugee Childrenʼs Participation in the Women, Infants, and Children Supplemental Nutrition (WIC) Program in Massachusetts, 1998-2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Smock ◽  
Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras ◽  
Hema Magge ◽  
Jennifer Cochran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition

scholarly journals A breast-feeding promotion and support program a randomized trial in the Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els J. Kools ◽  
Carel Thijs ◽  
Arnold D.M. Kester ◽  
Piet A. van den Brandt ◽  
Hein de Vries
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Support Program

Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program redemptions at California farmers’ markets: making the program work for farmers and participants

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Saitone ◽  
Patrick W. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Client Participation ◽  
Farmers Market ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
Locally Grown

AbstractMany states including California allow fruit and vegetable checks (FVCs) issued by the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program to be redeemed at farmers’ markets. Despite the potential of the FVC program to increase the revenue of participating farmers and to provide fresh, locally grown fruits and vegetables to WIC participants, analysis of data for California shows that redemptions of FVCs at farmers’ markets have to date been miniscule. We study the barriers to use of FVCs at farmers’ markets and consider strategies for expanding both farmer and WIC client participation in the farmers’ market program. Our methodology involved design, implementation and analysis of surveys of both farmers’ market managers and farmer vendors who participate in the program and analysis of the behavior of WIC participants through California WIC program redemption data. One major factor limiting redemptions in California is that relatively few farmers’ markets currently accept FVCs and both market managers and farmers report that the authorization process is onerous. WIC participants who shopped at authorized markets more fully utilized the fixed-dollar value of their voucher, compared with participants who shopped at other authorized WIC vendors. Nevertheless, participants who visited a farmers’ market are unlikely to return. The study concludes with suggested pathways to increase WIC participant utilization of farmers’ markets.

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