To the Editor: Sharp Decline of Injury Mortality Rate in a Developing Country

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ta Chiu ◽  
Yuh-Shan Ho ◽  
Yee-Shuan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Injury Mortality

Unintentional injury mortality among indigenous communities of Taiwan: trends from 2002 to 2013 and evaluation of a community-based intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W Pan ◽  
Hiu Ha Chong ◽  
Hui-Chuan Kao
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Injury Death ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Injury Prevention Programme ◽  
Disproportionate Burden

IntroductionIndigenous communities in Taiwan shoulder a disproportionate burden of unintentional injury fatalities. We compare unintentional injury mortality rate trends among Taiwan’s indigenous communities and the general population from 2002 to 2013, and evaluate potential impact of a community-based injury prevention programme on indigenous unintentional injury death rates.MethodsStandardised and crude unintentional injury mortality rates were obtained from Taiwan government reports. Segmented linear regression was used to estimate and compare unintentional injury mortality rate trends before and after the intervention.ResultsBetween 2002 and 2013, unintentional injury mortality rates among Taiwan’s indigenous population significantly declined by about 4.5 deaths per 100 000 each year (p<0.0001). During that time, the unintentional injury mortality rate ratio between indigenous Taiwanese and the general population significantly decreased by approximately 1% each successive year (p=0.02). However, we were unable to detect evidence that the ‘Healthy and Safe Tribe’ programme was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the unintentional injury mortality rate trend among indigenous persons (p=0.81).ConclusionTaiwanese indigenous communities remain at significantly higher risk of unintentional injury death, though the gap may be slowly narrowing. We found no evidence that the ‘Healthy and Safe Tribe’ indigenous injury-prevention programme significantly contributed to the nationwide decline in unintentional injury mortality among indigenous Taiwanese communities from 2009 to 2013. Future interventions to address the disproportionate burden of unintentional injury fatalities among indigenous Taiwanese should consider interventions with wider coverage of the indigenous population, and complementing grass roots led community-based interventions with structural policy interventions as well.

Mortality of Starry Flounders (Platichthys stellatus) with Skin Tumors

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Skin Tumors ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus ◽  
Cell Mortality ◽  
Tumor Number ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
Young Of The Year

The incidence of skin tumors among starry flounders (Platichthys stellatus) in Bellingham Bay, Washington, varied both spatially and temporally. Incidence was 37% in the young-of-the-year inshore fish, declining to near-zero values by age II. My results indicate that tumor regression and spatial segregation of tumorous fish were not responsible for the decline, but that tumorous individuals had a high mortality rate relative to normal conspecifics. Selection against tumorous individuals was indicated by a sharp decline in tumor incidence in 1-yr-old fish at the same time as mean tumor number per fish declined and tumorous fish became significantly smaller than their normal counterparts. There were no differences in susceptibility to stress between normal and tumorous fish until age I; age I tumorous fish had a higher mortality rate under stressful conditions. The flounder skin tumors are lethal to a large proportion of each year-class, and therefore represent one of the largest known sources of repetitive, disease-induced mortality of fishes.Key words: starry flounder, skin tumor, X cell, mortality

scholarly journals Child drowning mortality in the Sundarbans, India: Applying the Community Knowledge Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gupta ◽  
S Bhaumik ◽  
S Roy ◽  
R Panda ◽  
M Peden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
The Sundarbans

Abstract Background The Sundarbans in India is a rural, forested region where children are exposed to a high risk of drowning due to its waterlogged geography. Current data collection systems capture few drowning deaths in this region due to its remoteness and poor coverage of health and police systems. Household methodology was found to be resource and time intensive, and so a Community Knowledge Approach was used and applied to calculate injury mortality for the first time. Methods A community-based survey was conducted in the Sundarbans to determine the drowning mortality rate for 1-4 and 5-9 year old children. A Community Knowledge Approach was applied. Meetings were held with law community residents and key informants to identify drowning deaths in the population. Identified deaths were verified by the child's household through a structured survey, inquiring on the circumstances around the drowning death. Results The drowning mortality rate for children aged 1-4 years old was 243.8 per 100,000 children and 38.8 per 100,000 children for 5-9-year olds. 58.0% of deaths were of 1-2-year-old children. Most children drowned in ponds within 50 metres of their homes. Children were usually unaccompanied with their primary caretaker engaged in household work. Only one third of deaths were reported to hospitals or civil registration systems. Of deaths listed by community members, 63.0% were identified by both residents and by at least one key informant, 25.6% by key informants only, and 11.4% (n = 79) by community residents only. Conclusions Drowning is a major cause of death among children in the Sundarbans, particularly those aged 1-4 years old. The results illustrate how routine data collection systems grossly underestimate drowning deaths, emphasising the importance of community-based in rural low-and middle-income country contexts. Key messages Drowning is likely the largest killer of 1-9 year old children in the Sundarbans region, emphasising the need to better understanding drowning epidemiology in similar rural LMICs contexts. The Community Knowledge Approach provides a low-resource, valid method for capturing injury mortality data.

scholarly journals Mortality and long-term course in schizophrenia with a poor 2-year course

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Mojtabai ◽  
Ezra Susser ◽  
Vijoy K. Varma ◽  
Savita Malhotra ◽  
Surendra K. Mattoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First Contact

BackgroundThe short-term course of schizophrenia is reported to be better in some developing country settings. The long-term course in such settings, however, has rarely been studied.AimsTo examine the long-term course and mortality of schizophrenia in patients with a poor 2-year course.MethodThe report is based on two incidence cohorts of first-contact patients in urban and rural Chandigarh, India, originally recruited for the World Health Organization Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders study. Patients were assessed using standardised instruments at 2- and 15-year follow-ups.ResultsNinety-two per cent of the patients with a poor 2-year course had a poor long-term course and 47% died – a nine times higher mortality rate than among patients with other 2-year course types.ConclusionsIn this developing country setting, a poor 2-year course was strongly predictive of poor prognosis and high mortality, raising questions about the adequacy of care for such patients.

scholarly journals Trends of drowning mortality in Vietnam: evidence from the national injury mortality surveillance system

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nguyen ◽  
Rebecca Q Ivers ◽  
Cuong Pham ◽  
Jagnoor Jagnoor
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

ObjectiveTo describe the trends of drowning mortality in Vietnam over time and to identify socioeconomic characteristics associated with higher drowning mortality at the provincial level.MethodsWe analysed data from the Ministry of Health injury mortality surveillance system from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013. The surveillance covers more than 11 000 commune health centres in all provinces of Vietnam. For provincial population and socioeconomic characteristics, we extracted data from the National census 2009, the Population change and family planning surveys in 2011 and 2013. Multilevel linear models were used to identify provincial characteristics associated with higher mortality rates.ResultsOver the 5-year period between 2009 and 2013, 31 232 drowning deaths were reported, equivalent to a 5-year average of 6246 drowning deaths. During this period, drowning mortality rate decreased 7.2/100 000 to 6.9/100 000 (p=0.035). Of six major geographical regions, Northern midland, Central highland and Mekong delta were those with highest mortality rates. In all regions, children aged 1–4 years had the highest mortality rates, followed by those aged 5–9 and 10–14 years. At provincial level, having a coastline was not associated with higher mortality rate. Provinces with larger population size and greater proportion of poor households were statistically significantly associated with higher mortality rates (p=0.042 and 0.006, respectively).ConclusionWhile some gains have been made in reducing drowning mortality, child deaths due to drowning in Vietnam remain alarmingly high. Targeted scale-up of known effective interventions such as child supervision and basic survival skills are needed for reducing child mortality due to drowning, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged provinces.

ASSESSING EFFECTIVENESS OF A MATURE TRAUMA SYSTEM: ASSOCIATION OF PROXIMITY TO A TRAUMA CENTER WITH LOWER INJURY MORTALITY RATE

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Linda Papa ◽  
Joseph Tepas ◽  
Larry Lottenberg ◽  
Barbara Orban ◽  
Rodney Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Trauma System ◽  
Injury Mortality
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