Association Between High Arterial Oxygen Tension and Long-Term Survival After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose: Data on long-term survival after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are scarce. In a population-based nested case-control study, we compared long-term survival and causes of death within 5 years in 30-day survivors of first-ever ICH and controls, assessed the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on 5-year mortality, and analyzed time trend in 5-year mortality in ICH patients over 2 decades. Methods: We included 219 participants from the population-based Tromsø Study, who after the baseline participation had a first-ever ICH between 1994 to 2013 and 1095 age- and sex-matched participants without ICH. Cumulative survival was presented using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and for the association between cardiovascular risk factors and 5-year mortality in 30-day survivors were estimated by stratified Cox proportional hazards models. Trend in 5-year mortality was assessed by logistic regression. Results: Risk of death during follow-up (median time, 4.8 years) was increased in the ICH group compared with controls (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.27–2.06]). Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death, with a higher proportion in ICH patients (22.9% versus 9.0%; P <0.001). Smoking increased the risk of 5-year mortality in cases and controls (HR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.15–2.19]), whereas serum cholesterol was associated with 5-year mortality in cases only (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.04–1.86]). Use of anticoagulants at ICH onset increased the risk of death (HR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.09–4.00]). There was no difference according to ICH location (HR, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.56–2.37]). Five-year mortality did not change during the study period (odds ratio per calendar year, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.93–1.09]). Conclusions: Survival rates were significantly lower in cases than in controls, driven by a 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular death. Smoking, serum cholesterol, and use of anticoagulant drugs were associated with increased risk of death in ICH patients. Five-year mortality rates in ICH patients remained stable over time.

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Bronchodilators and Physiotherapy during Long Term Mechanical Ventilation of the Lungs

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x7700500107 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 48-50

Author(s):

T. J. Winning ◽

J. G. Brock-Utne ◽

N. M. Goodwin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Oxygen Tension ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Alveolar Pressure ◽

Pulmonary Compliance ◽

Ventilation Of The Lungs

The effects of physiotherapy and hexaprenaline sulphate administration were studied on 10 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. No significant changes in arterial oxygen tension were noted, but alveolar pressure fell significantly after treatment, indicating improvement in pulmonary compliance.

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Association of baseline hematoma and edema volumes with one-year outcome and long-term survival after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A community-based inception cohort study

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1177/1747493020974282 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174749302097428

Author(s):

James JM Loan ◽

Angus B Gane ◽

Laura Middleton ◽

Brendan Sargent ◽

Tom James Moullaali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Community Based ◽

Term Survival ◽

Brain Ct ◽

Edema Volume ◽

Hemorrhage Volume ◽

One Year

Background Hospital-based studies have reported variable associations between outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and peri-hematomal edema volume. Aims In a community-based study, we aimed to investigate the existence, strength, direction, and independence of associations between intracerebral hemorrhage and peri-hematomal edema volumes on diagnostic brain CT and one-year functional outcome and long-term survival. Methods We identified all adults, resident in Lothian, diagnosed with first-ever, symptomatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage between June 2010 and May 2013 in a community-based, prospective inception cohort study. We defined regions of interest manually and used a semi-automated approach to measure intracerebral hemorrhage volume, peri-hematomal edema volume, and the sum of these measurements (total lesion volume) on first diagnostic brain CT performed at ≤3 days after symptom onset. The primary outcome was death or dependence (scores 3–6 on the modified Rankin Scale) at one-year after intracerebral hemorrhage. Results Two hundred ninety-two (85%) of 342 patients (median age 77.5 y, IQR 68–83, 186 (54%) female, median time from onset to CT 6.5 h (IQR 2.9–21.7)) were dead or dependent one year after intracerebral hemorrhage. Peri-hematomal edema and intracerebral hemorrhage volumes were colinear ( R2 = 0.77). In models using both intracerebral hemorrhage and peri-hematomal edema, 10 mL increments in intracerebral hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.72 (95% CI 1.08–2.87); p = 0.029) but not peri-hematomal edema volume (aOR 0.92 (0.63–1.45); p = 0.69) were independently associated with one-year death or dependence. 10 mL increments in total lesion volume were independently associated with one-year death or dependence (aOR 1.24 (1.11–1.42); p = 0.0004). Conclusion Total volume of intracerebral hemorrhage and peri-hematomal edema, and intracerebral hemorrhage volume alone on diagnostic brain CT, undertaken at three days or sooner, are independently associated with death or dependence one-year after intracerebral hemorrhage, but peri-hematomal edema volume is not. Data access statement Anonymized summary data may be requested from the corresponding author.

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