Radiographic Severity May Not be Associated with Pain and Function in Glenohumeral Arthritis

Introduction: We investigated the effects of lower back pain (LBP) on measures of pain, disability, and function in highly symptomatic hip OA patients receiving intra-articular steroid injection (IASI) therapy. We also investigated the effect of radiographic severity of hip OA for comparison to LBP. Methods: 97 consenting subjects with symptomatic hip OA presenting for IASI were evaluated at baseline, assessed over an 8-week period, and followed at least 1 year later for new arthroplasty. At baseline and 8 weeks follow-up patient demographics, presence/absence of back pain, physical function tests, a single anteroposterior pelvis x-ray, and subjective scores of pain, stiffness and function (VAS and WOMAC) were collected. We also followed which subjects proceeded to obtain total hip arthroplasty in the examined hip. Results: Cohorts with LBP reported significantly worse scores for all of VAS pain and WOMAC questionnaires but showed no difference in ROM and were not more likely to proceed to arthroplasty. Cohorts with severe radiographic OA had significantly worsened scores for stiffness (χ2 = 6.74, p = 0.009), decreased ROM ( p < 0.01), and were more likely to proceed to arthroplasty (χ2 = 9.79, p = 0.044). Discussion: Back pain has a substantial effect on clinical parameters relevant to assessment of severity of hip OA, especially self-reported pain and function. This finding highlights LBP as a significant confounding factor in hip OA patient assessments and will inform future studies to determine the most effective treatment strategies for hip OA patients.

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A single intraarticular platelet-rich plasma improves pain and function for patients with early knee osteoarthritis: Analyses by radiographic severity and age

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-200193 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Shu-Fen Sun ◽

Chien-Wei Hsu ◽

Huey-Shyan Lin ◽

I-Hsiu Liou ◽

Yi-Chun Chou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Age Group ◽

Radiographic Severity ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Patients Satisfaction ◽

Younger Age ◽

Subgroup Analyses ◽

The Mean ◽

And Function

BACKGROUND: Most studies use platelet-rich plasma (PRP) requiring multiple intraarticular injections for knee osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a single intraarticular PRP injection for patients with early knee OA and consider subgroup analyses of radiographic severity and age, respectively. METHODS: Forty-one patients with knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1–2) received a single PRP injection into the target knee and were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months postinjection. The primary outcome was the mean change from baseline in the visual analog scale (VAS) pain (0–100 mm) at 6 months postinjection. Secondary outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lequesne index, single leg stance test (SLS), use of rescue analgesics and patients’ satisfaction. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients completed the study. The mean pain VAS decreased significantly from 45.6 ± 13.0 mm at baseline to 16.9 ± 13.4 mm, 14.0 ± 13.1 mm and 15.5 ± 14.0 mm at 1, 3 and 6-month follow-ups (p< 0.001 for all). Significant improvements in WOMAC, Lequesne index, SLS and consumption of analgesics from baseline (p< 0.001 for all) were noted at each follow-up. Patients’ satisfaction was high. No serious adverse events occurred. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with grade 1 OA showed significantly greater VAS pain reduction at 3 months (p= 0.006) and 6 months (p= 0.005) than patients with grade 2 OA. The older-age group (age > 60) showed significantly greater improvements in VAS pain, WOMAC function subscale scores and total scores at 6-month postinjection, compared with the younger age-group (age ≤ 60). The younger-age group reported better satisfaction at 1 and 3-month postinjection. CONCLUSIONS: One injection of PRP improved pain and function for 6 months for patients with early knee OA. This study supports putting the one-injection regimen into clinical practice. Further research is needed for more definite conclusions.

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The Prognosis for Improvement in Comfort and Function After the Ream-and-Run Arthroplasty for Glenohumeral Arthritis

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) ◽

10.2106/jbjs.k.00486 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 94 (14) ◽

pp. e102-1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Brian B Gilmer ◽

Bryan A Comstock ◽

Jocelyn L Jette ◽

Winston J Warme ◽

Sarah E Jackins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glenohumeral Arthritis ◽

And Function

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Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051062 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

M. Boublik ◽

W. Hellmann ◽

F. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Binding Sites ◽

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

Protein Biosynthesis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

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The Effect of Oxidized Cholesterol on the Aorta of Rabbits- Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054327 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 340-341

Author(s):

S. K. Pena ◽

C. B. Taylor ◽

J. Hill ◽

J. Safarik

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Arterial Injury ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽

Oxidized Cholesterol ◽

Initial Event ◽

Membrane Structure And Function ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

And Function

Introduction: Oxidized cholesterol derivatives have been demonstrated in various cell cultures to be very potent inhibitors of 3-hvdroxy-3- methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase which is a principle regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in the cell. The cholesterol content in the cells exposed to oxidized cholesterol was found to be markedly decreased. In aortic smooth muscle cells, the potency of this effect was closely related to the cytotoxicity of each derivative. Furthermore, due to the similarity of their molecular structure to that of cholesterol, these oxidized cholesterol derivatives might insert themselves into the cell membrane, alter membrane structure and function and eventually cause cell death. Arterial injury has been shown to be the initial event of atherosclerosis.

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Ultrastructure of developing visual cortical synapses in the cat superior colliculus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100085083 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 156-157

Author(s):

Caroline A. Miller ◽

Laura L. Bruce

Keyword(s):

Superior Colliculus ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Receptive Fields ◽

Visual Cortical Area ◽

Cortical Synapses ◽

Visual Cortical ◽

And Function ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

The Brain ◽

Cat Superior Colliculus

The first visual cortical axons arrive in the cat superior colliculus by the time of birth. Adultlike receptive fields develop slowly over several weeks following birth. The developing cortical axons go through a sequence of changes before acquiring their adultlike morphology and function. To determine how these axons interact with neurons in the colliculus, cortico-collicular axons were labeled with biocytin (an anterograde neuronal tracer) and studied with electron microscopy.Deeply anesthetized animals received 200-500 nl injections of biocytin (Sigma; 5% in phosphate buffer) in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortical area. After a 24 hr survival time, the animals were deeply anesthetized and perfused with 0.9% phosphate buffered saline followed by fixation with a solution of 1.25% glutaraldehyde and 1.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer. The brain was sectioned transversely on a vibratome at 50 μm. The tissue was processed immediately to visualize the biocytin.

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Structural modifications of intercellular junctions.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082510 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 330-331

Author(s):

J. Metz ◽

M. Merlo ◽

W. G. Forssmann

Keyword(s):

Gap Junctions ◽

Intercellular Junctions ◽

Cell Isolation ◽

Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Pancreatic Cells ◽

Duct Ligation ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

And Function

Structure and function of intercellular junctions were studied under the electronmicroscope using conventional thin sectioning and freeze-etch replicas. Alterations of tight and gap junctions were analyzed 1. of exocrine pancreatic cells under cell isolation conditions and pancreatic duct ligation and 2. of hepatocytes during extrahepatic cholestasis.During the different steps of cell isolation of exocrine pancreatic cells, gradual changes of tight and gap junctions were observed. Tight junctions, which formed belt-like structures around the apex of control acinar cells in situ, subsequently diminished, became interrupted and were concentrated into macular areas (Fig. 1). Aggregations of membrane associated particles, which looked similar to gap junctions, were intermixed within tight junctional areas (Fig. 1). These structures continously disappeared in the last stages of the isolation procedure. The intercellular junctions were finally separated without destroying the integrity of the cell membrane, which was confirmed with porcion yellow, lanthanum chloride and horse radish peroxidase.

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Structural similarity of ribosomes from E. coli and A. salina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082078 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 242-243

Author(s):

M. Boublik ◽

R.M. Wydro ◽

W. Hellmann ◽

F. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Carbon Support ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Biological Assays ◽

E Coli ◽

And Function ◽

Fine Carbon

Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles necessary for processing the genetic information of mRNA into proteins. Analogy in composition and function of ribosomes from diverse species, established by biochemical and biological assays, implies their structural similarity. Direct evidence obtained by electron microscopy seems to be of increasing relevance in understanding the structure of ribosomes and the mechanism of their role in protein synthesis.The extent of the structural homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes has been studied on ribosomes of Escherichia coli (E.c.) and Artemia salina (A.s.). Despite the established differences in size and in the amount and proportion of ribosomal proteins and RNAs both types of ribosomes show an overall similarity. The monosomes (stained with 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate and deposited on a fine carbon support) appear in the electron micrographs as round particles with a diameter of approximately 225Å for the 70S E.c. (Fig. 1) and 260Å for the 80S A.s. monosome (Fig. 2).

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The Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of the Vestibular Sensory Epithelia

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100062105 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 40-41

Author(s):

D.J. Lim ◽

W.C. Lane

Keyword(s):

Semicircular Canals ◽

Electron Microscopic Observation ◽

Gravitational Acceleration ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Sensory Epithelia ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Vestibular Sensory Epithelia ◽

And Function ◽

Sand Piles ◽

Active Investigation

The morphology and function of the vestibular sensory organs has been extensively studied during the last decade with the advent of electron microscopy and electrophysiology. The opening of the space age also accelerated active investigation in this area, since this organ is responsible for the sensation of balance and of linear, angular and gravitational acceleration.The vestibular sense organs are formed by the saccule, utricle and three ampullae of the semicircular canals. The maculae (sacculi and utriculi) have otolithic membranes on the top of the sensory epithelia. The otolithic membrane is formed by a layer of thick gelatin and sand-piles of calcium carbonate crystals (Fig.l).

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Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100102213 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 26-27

Author(s):

Peter Sterling

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Synaptic Connections ◽

Visual Axis ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Cat Retina ◽

Ultrathin Sections ◽

And Function ◽

Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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