scholarly journals Mass Casualty Triage: An Evaluation of the Data and Development of a Proposed National Guideline

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. S25-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brooke Lerner ◽  
Richard B. Schwartz ◽  
Phillip L. Coule ◽  
Eric S. Weinstein ◽  
David C. Cone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
National Guideline ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Triage Decisions

ABSTRACTMass casualty triage is a critical skill. Although many systems exist to guide providers in making triage decisions, there is little scientific evidence available to demonstrate that any of the available systems have been validated. Furthermore, in the United States there is little consistency from one jurisdiction to the next in the application of mass casualty triage methodology. There are no nationally agreed upon categories or color designations. This review reports on a consensus committee process used to evaluate and compare commonly used triage systems, and to develop a proposed national mass casualty triage guideline. The proposed guideline, entitled SALT (sort, assess, life-saving interventions, treatment and/or transport) triage, was developed based on the best available science and consensus opinion. It incorporates aspects from all of the existing triage systems to create a single overarching guide for unifying the mass casualty triage process across the United States. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2(Suppl 1):S25–S34)

Mass Casualty Triage: An Evaluation of the Science and Refinement of a National Guideline

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brooke Lerner ◽  
David C. Cone ◽  
Eric S. Weinstein ◽  
Richard B. Schwartz ◽  
Phillip L. Coule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
National Guideline ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Triage Category

ABSTRACTMass casualty triage is the process of prioritizing multiple victims when resources are not sufficient to treat everyone immediately. No national guideline for mass casualty triage exists in the United States. The lack of a national guideline has resulted in variability in triage processes, tags, and nomenclature. This variability has the potential to inject confusion and miscommunication into the disaster incident, particularly when multiple jurisdictions are involved. The Model Uniform Core Criteria for Mass Casualty Triage were developed to be a national guideline for mass casualty triage to ensure interoperability and standardization when responding to a mass casualty incident. The Core Criteria consist of 4 categories: general considerations, global sorting, lifesaving interventions, and individual assessment of triage category. The criteria within each of these categories were developed by a workgroup of experts representing national stakeholder organizations who used the best available science and, when necessary, consensus opinion. This article describes how the Model Uniform Core Criteria for Mass Casualty Triage were developed.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:129-137)

Building Resistance, Resilience, and Recovery in the Wake of School and Workplace Violence

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. S33-S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Nucifora ◽  
Alan M. Langlieb ◽  
Everett Siegal ◽  
George S. Everly ◽  
Michael Kaminsky
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Bounce Back

ABSTRACTIncidents of school and workplace violence are rare but devastating events that can result in significant psychological consequences in communities. The majority of people in the United States will experience some type of traumatic event in their lifetime, but most of them will have no disruption or only transient disruption in functioning. They are either resistant to the development of symptoms or resilient, able to bounce back quickly. By enhancing resistance and promoting resilience, even fewer individuals may develop mental disorders. This article takes a closer look at the concepts of resistance, resilience, and recovery and the need for research on interventions that promote them, in the hope of applying the concepts and interventions to schools and the workplace. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2007;1(Suppl 1):S33–S37)

Die a Hero or Live Long Enough to Become the Villain: Mass Casualty Preparedness in Hospitals and Protecting Doctors from Liability during Mass Casualty Events

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Tseung
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Mass Casualty Events

AbstractSince 9/11, the United States and the international community have emphasized the need to protect people from terrorist attacks. The Boston Bombing that took place on April 15, 2013, showed that even with all of the preventive measures in place, the United States is not immune from terrorist attacks. If there had been a bioterrorist attack in Boston instead of a homemade bomb, the amount of casualties would likely have been a lot higher. Many hospitals lack effective emergency preparedness plans that address bioterrorist attacks. One area that will help prepare nations during a mass casualty incident or public health emergency involves implementing effective mass casualty preparedness plans for hospitals. This paper analyzes mass casualty preparedness in hospitals and demonstrates the need to have legislation in place to protect doctors who treat patients during mass casualty events.

scholarly journals Navigating Blind in the Green Rush: Clinical Considerations and Harm Reduction Practices for Cannabis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Brienna N. Meffert ◽  
Danielle M. Morabito ◽  
Michelle K. Mosich ◽  
Mallory J. Loflin ◽  
James Sottile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Reduction Techniques

Background: The United States has recently experienced extensive changes in state policy regarding the use of cannabis for recreational and medicinal purposes. Despite its rapidly increasing accessibility and social acceptance, there is a striking dearth of research on cannabis as a treatment for medical and psychological conditions. Research on cannabis is difficult to conduct as it is classified as a schedule I drug with high potential for abuse and currently not accepted to be medically used in treatment. As a result, no standard dosing procedures exist and the lack of conclusive scientific evidence has left clinical providers without evidence-based guidelines about if, when, and how to guide clients on using cannabis safely. Objective: To (1) provide critical psychoeducational information about cannabis and cannabis problems to guide client-provider conversations about cannabis use and (2) describe common clinical concerns around cannabis use, highlight special considerations for vulnerable populations, and review harm reduction techniques and practical resources that may help clinicians and their clients navigate safer cannabis use. Conclusion: The removal of regulatory barriers would enable researchers to address key public health questions about the potential therapeutic and adverse effects of cannabis use. Additionally, funds for research, clinician education, and public health education initiatives are necessary to reduce risks associated with cannabis use in the United States.

scholarly journals Foodborne Botulism Outbreaks in the United States, 2001–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Lúquez ◽  
Leslie Edwards ◽  
Chelsey Griffin ◽  
Jeremy Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Foodborne Botulism

Foodborne botulism is an intoxication caused by ingestion of food containing botulinum neurotoxin. Cases of foodborne botulism are usually sporadic (single, unrelated) but outbreaks of two or more cases occur. In this mini-review we will examine the following for the period 2001–2017, in the United States: botulism surveillance data, outbreaks of botulism affecting 10 or more people, and the public health preparedness and response approach.

scholarly journals A State-Based Analysis of Public Health Preparedness Programs in the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Beitsch ◽  
Samata Kodolikar ◽  
Tim Stephens ◽  
Daniel Shodell ◽  
Art Clawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Preparedness

Postexposure Immunization and Prophylaxis of Bloodborne Pathogens Following a Traumatic Explosive Event: Preliminary Recommendations

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo Subbarao ◽  
Ruth Steinbrecher ◽  
Litjen Tan ◽  
Kobi Peleg ◽  
Jessica Zeiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogens ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Membrane Exposure ◽  
Explosive Event

ABSTRACTBackground: No definitive guidelines have been established in the United States for postexposure immunization and prophylaxis (PEP) to hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the event of a traumatic explosive event.Methods: The American Medical Association’s Center for Public Health Preparedness and Disaster Response assembled a US-Israeli panel of experts, including representatives from disaster medicine, trauma surgery, occupational health, and infectious disease to determine guidelines for adult and pediatric victims following a traumatic explosive event. The panel reviewed the existing Israeli and United Kingdom protocols, previously published Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance on occupational and nonoccupational exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV, before reaching consensus on preliminary guidelines for the United States.Results: These guidelines recommend an age-appropriate dose and schedule for HBV PEP for individuals presenting from the scene with nonintact skin or mucous membrane exposure, and they also consider HCV and HIV testing in individuals presenting with possible nonintact skin or mucous membrane exposure. The guidelines do not recommend PEP for individuals presenting from the scene with possible superficial skin exposure.Conclusions: These recommendations offer PEP guidance for bloodborne pathogens and are limited in scope. These recommendations do not address general wound PEP such as tetanus or the need for antibiotics. It is hoped that these guidelines will fill an urgent gap in preparedness until definitive, comprehensive guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are published. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2007;1:106–109)

Vaccines and Conspiracies

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Standards Of Evidence

This chapter looks at the effect of conspiracy theories on vaccines. Near the end of 2018, data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that a small, but growing, number of children in the United States were not getting recommended vaccinations. Some of this may be due to lack of access to vaccines; populations without insurance and those living in rural areas have greater rates of nonvaccination. However, part of it is also likely due to the rise of conspiracy theories and the willful dismissal of scientific evidence when it comes to vaccines. Vaccinations have always provoked anxiety; but the data on vaccines that are in widespread use are now clear: vaccines are safe and save lives. Nevertheless, conspiracism fuels the anti-vaccine movement, urging people to accept anecdotes over statistics. Unlike conspiracists, public health advocates adhere to standards of evidence and falsifiability; when conspiracists disregard explanation and refuse any form of correction, they place health at risk.

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