Eplerenone improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness and inhibits Rho-associated kinase activity in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism

Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most prevalent causes of irreversible blindness and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) is another type of glaucoma observed in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. It is characterized by the deposition of pseudoexfoliative material not only to the anterior segment of the eye, but also to the vessels, heart and other organs. Hypothesis: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are impaired in patients with POAG and PEG supporting the significant role of vascular function impairment in the progression of the disease. Methods: Forty four POAG patients, 22 PEG and 38 healthy subjects (Cl) were included in this study. All subjects were free of cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial wave reflections Results: Between the three study groups CL, POAG, PEG there was no difference in age (67±10years vs. 70±9years vs. 66±12yeras, p=0.12) or prevalence of male sex (70% vs. 57% vs. 50%, p=0.21). Importantly, there was a linear impairment of FMD (7.35±2.77% vs. 6.58±3.18% vs. 4.88±3.29%, p=0.006), PWV (7.98±1.56m/sec vs. 9.20±1.84m/sec vs. 9.22±2.16m/sec, p=0.004) and AIx (21.29±8.77% vs. 25.14±5.71% vs. 28.20±8.75%, p=0.002) from CL to POAG and PEG. Interestingly post hoc test after Scheffe correction revealed also that PEG subjects had not only significantly impaired FMD, compared to control subjects, but also compared to POAG subjects (4.88±3.29% vs. 6.58±3.18%, p=0.02). Conclusions: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are significantly impaired in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. These findings shed some light in the pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and support the theory that pseudoexfoliative fibrils may also accumulate and damage the arterial wall.

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Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults: Effects of Positive Airway Pressure and Compliance on Arterial Stiffness, Endothelial Function, and Cardiac Hemodynamics

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.115.002930 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Claudia E. Korcarz ◽

Ruth Benca ◽

Jodi H. Barnet ◽

James H. Stein

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Airway Pressure ◽

Positive Airway Pressure ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Cardiac Hemodynamics ◽

Middle Aged Adults

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Dissociation of endothelial function and arterial stiffness in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Yearbook of Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/s0084-3741(09)79433-8 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 304-305

Author(s):

A.W. Meikle

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome

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Time‐Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function, NO Bioavailability, and Oxidative Stress in Midlife/Older Adults With Above‐Normal Blood Pressure

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.121.020980 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel H. Craighead ◽

Thomas C. Heinbockel ◽

Kaitlin A. Freeberg ◽

Matthew J. Rossman ◽

Rachel A. Jackman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

High Resistance ◽

Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽

No Bioavailability ◽

Inspiratory Muscle Strength

Background High‐resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is a novel, time‐efficient physical training modality. Methods and Results We performed a double‐blind, randomized, sham‐controlled trial to investigate whether 6 weeks of IMST (30 breaths/day, 6 days/week) improves blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness in midlife/older adults (aged 50–79 years) with systolic blood pressure ≥120 mm Hg, while also investigating potential mechanisms and long‐lasting effects. Thirty‐six participants completed high‐resistance IMST (75% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18) or low‐resistance sham training (15% maximal inspiratory pressure, n=18). IMST was safe, well tolerated, and had excellent adherence (≈95% of training sessions completed). Casual systolic blood pressure decreased from 135±2 mm Hg to 126±3 mm Hg ( P <0.01) with IMST, which was ≈75% sustained 6 weeks after IMST ( P <0.01), whereas IMST modestly decreased casual diastolic blood pressure (79±2 mm Hg to 77±2 mm Hg, P =0.03); blood pressure was unaffected by sham training (all P >0.05). Twenty‐four hour systolic blood pressure was lower after IMST versus sham training ( P =0.01). Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation improved ≈45% with IMST ( P <0.01) but was unchanged with sham training ( P =0.73). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured with subject serum sampled after versus before IMST exhibited increased NO bioavailability, greater endothelial NO synthase activation, and lower reactive oxygen species bioactivity ( P <0.05). IMST decreased C‐reactive protein ( P =0.05) and altered select circulating metabolites (targeted plasma metabolomics) associated with cardiovascular function. Neither IMST nor sham training influenced arterial stiffness ( P >0.05). Conclusions High‐resistance IMST is a safe, highly adherable lifestyle intervention for improving blood pressure and endothelial function in midlife/older adults with above‐normal initial systolic blood pressure. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03266510.

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Sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibition reduces arterial stiffness and improves endothelial function in a mouse model of aging

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Rogerio Soares ◽

Francisco Ramirez‐Perez ◽

Christopher Foote ◽

Mariana Morales‐Quinones ◽

Luis Martinez‐Lemus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Glucose Transporter 2

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Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness Should Be Measured to Comprehensively Assess Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Clinical Practice

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.716916 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jinmei Luo ◽

Xiaona Wang ◽

Zijian Guo ◽

Yi Xiao ◽

Wenhao Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Reactive Hyperemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Tnf Α

Objective: An effective clinical tool to assess endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is lacking. This study evaluated the clinical significance of subclinical markers for OSA management in males without serious complications.Patients/Methods: Males without serious complications were consecutively recruited. Clinical data, biomarker tests, reactive hyperemia index (RHI), and augmentation index at 75 beats/min (AIx75) measured by peripheral arterial tonometry were collected. An apnea hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff of ≥15 events/h divided the patients into two groups.Results: Of the 75 subjects, 42 had an AHI ≥15 events/h. Patients with an AHI ≥15 events/h had higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor, and AIx75 values than the control group but no statistical difference in RHI was observed. After controlling for confounders, TNF-α was negatively correlated with the average oxygen saturation (r = −0.258, P = 0.043). RHI was correlated with the rapid eye movement (REM) stage percentage (r = 0.306, P = 0.016) but not with AHI (P > 0.05). AIx75 was positively correlated with the arousal index (r = 0.289, P = 0.023) but not with AHI (r = 0.248, P = 0.052).Conclusions: In males with OSA without severe complications, TNF-α and AIx75 are independently related to OSA. The role of RHI in OSA management requires further elucidation. These markers combined can comprehensively evaluate OSA patients to provide more evidence for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease and treatment response assessment.

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