The Impact of Lens Vault on Visual Acuity and Refractive Error

Abstract Background: Numerous factors have been shown to reduce symptomatic and non-symptomatic forms for computer vision syndrome. However, little is known on the impact among computer users diagnosed with severe symptoms of computer vision syndrome. The study assessed whether reduced visual acuity, ocular pathology and refractive error are associated with computer vision syndrome. Methods: A cross sectional university based study in Kenya. Seven hundred and eighty three participants were included in the study. Visual acuity was determined using snellens chart and converted to logMAR chart. Ocular pathology was determined through comprehensive examination using a slit lamp. Computer vision syndrome was determined using a validated questionnaire. Finally Retinoscopy was conducted to determine the type of refractive error. Results: Participants with refractive error above ± 0.50 dioptres had a greater odds, multivariate adjusted ratio 0.73 (95% CI 0.63-0.90) for developing computer vision syndrome. Similar to visual acuity with multivariate adjusted odds ratio of 0.31 (95% CI 0.24-0.47) and ocular pathologies being significantly associated with computer vision syndrome (p=.04). Ocular condition like sub conjunctival hemorrhage was not significantly associated with computer vision syndrome (P=.12). Conclusion: Reduced visual acuity, presence of ocular pathology and refractive error were associated with greater likelihood of computer vision syndrome. Particularly among those who had never had optical correction. Eye care providers are well placed to come up with proper diagnosis of CVS.

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Association of visual acuity with educational outcomes: a prospective cohort study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (11) ◽

pp. 1666-1671 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Catherine Jan ◽

Shi-Ming Li ◽

Meng-Tian Kang ◽

Luoru Liu ◽

He Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Test Scores ◽

Test Score ◽

Parental Education ◽

Ninth Grade ◽

Baseline Test ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Impact

Background/aimTo quantify the impact of baseline presenting visual acuity (VA), refractive error and spectacles wear on subsequent academic performance among Chinese middle school children.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, school-based study on grade 7 Chinese children (age, mean±SD, 12.7±0.5 years, range=11.1–15.9) at four randomly selected middle schools in Anyang, China. Comprehensive eye examinations including cycloplegic autorefraction were performed at baseline, and information on demographic characteristics, known risk factors for myopia and spectacle wear was collected. Academic test scores for all subjects in the curriculum were obtained from the local Bureau of Education. Main outcome measure was total test scores for five subjects at the end of grade 9, adjusted for total scored at the beginning of grade 7.ResultsAmong 2363 eligible children, 73.1% (1728/2363) had seventh grade test scores available. 93.9% (1623/1728) completed eye examinations, and 98.5% (1599/1623) of these had ninth grade test scores. Adjusting only for baseline test score, the following were significantly associated with higher ninth grade scores: younger age, male sex, less time outdoors, better baseline presenting VA, higher parental education and income and parental myopia, but refractive error and spectacle wear were not. In the full multivariate model, baseline test score (p<0.001), presenting VA (p<0.01), age (p<0.001), quality of life (p<0.05) and parental education (p<0.001) and myopia (either: p<0.05; both: p<0.05) remained significantly associated with better ninth grade scores.ConclusionsIn this longitudinal study, better presenting VA, but not cycloplegic refractive error or spectacle wear, was significantly associated with subsequent academic performance.

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The Impact of Scleral Contact Lens Vault on Visual Acuity and Comfort

Eye & Contact Lens Science & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1097/icl.0000000000000427 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. S54-S59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heinz Otchere ◽

Lyndon Jones ◽

Luigina Sorbara

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Contact Lens ◽

Lens Vault ◽

The Impact

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Epidemiological Findings of Refractive Errors and Amblyopia among the Schoolchildren in Hatta Region of the United Arab Emirates

Dubai Medical Journal ◽

10.1159/000512521 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Salam Chettian Kandi ◽

Hayat Ahmad Khan

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Field ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Screening Program ◽

Low Vision ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Vision Screening ◽

Screening Programs ◽

School Based

Introduction: Uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia pose a major problem affecting schoolchildren. We had previously observed that many schoolchildren in the Hatta region presented to the ophthalmology clinic with uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia, which led us to undertake this research. As per the WHO, the term “visual impairment” can be “low vision” or “blindness.” Based on the presenting vision, “low vision” is defined for children who have vision of <6/18 to 3/60 or having visual field loss to <20° in the better-seeing eye. Children defined to have “blindness” have presenting vision of <3/60 or corresponding visual field of <10°. Purpose: To estimate the magnitude of uncorrected refractive errors and amblyopia among the schoolchildren aged 6–19 years and to assess the efficacy of school-based refractive error screening programs in the Hatta region of the United Arab Emirates. Methods: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the entire student population studying in the government schools of the region. Those who failed the Snellen visual acuity chart test and those who were wearing spectacles were evaluated comprehensively by the researcher in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Hatta Hospital. Data were entered in the Refractive Error Study in School Children (RESC) eye examination form recommended by the WHO, and were later transferred to Excel sheets and analyzed by SPSS. Results: 1,591 students were screened and evaluated from the end of 2016 to mid-2017. About 21.37% (n = 340) had impaired vision with 20.9% (n = 333) refractive errors, of which 58% were uncorrected. Among the refractive error group, 19% (64 subjects) had amblyopia (4% of total students). The incidence of low vision was 9.5% and blindness was 0.38%. Low vision was found to be 9.5% and blindness 0.38%, taking in to account presenting visual acuity rather than best-corrected visual acuity for defining low vision and blindness. Conclusion: A significant number of students were detected to have uncorrected refractive errors among the vision impaired group (59%, n = 197) despite a school-based vision screening program in place. Seventy-eight percent of the amblyopia cases (n = 50) were found to be in the 11–19 years age group. Noncompliance with optical corrections was the reason for the high number of cases. A rigorous vision screening program and refractive services, complimented with awareness among parents and teachers, are recommended.

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The impact of cataract surgery on depressive symptoms for bilateral cataract patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610213001907 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 307-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kien Gia To ◽

Lynn B. Meuleners ◽

Michelle L. Fraser ◽

Dat Van Duong ◽

Dung Van Do ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Bilateral Cataract ◽

Vietnamese Population ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:Depression is common among older populations with cataract. However, the impact of cataract surgery on depression in both developed and developing countries remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of cataract surgery on depressive symptoms and to examine the association between objective visual measures and change in depressive symptoms after surgery among a Vietnamese population in Ho Chi Minh City.Methods:A cohort of older patients with bilateral cataract were assessed the week before and one to three months after first eye surgery only or first- and second-eye cataract surgeries. Visual measures including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis were obtained. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Descriptive analyses and a generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis were undertaken to determine the impact of cataract surgery on depressive symptoms.Results:Four hundred and thirteen participants were recruited into the study before cataract surgery. Two hundred and forty-seven completed the follow-up assessment after surgery. There was a significant decrease (improvement) of one point in the depressive symptoms score (p = 0.04) after cataract surgery, after accounting for potential confounding factors. In addition, females reported a significantly greater decrease (improvement) of two points in depressive symptom scores (p = 0.01), compared to males. However, contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and stereopsis were not significantly associated with change in depressive symptoms scores. First-eye cataract surgery or both-eye cataract surgery did not modify the change in depressive symptoms score.Conclusion:There was a small but significant improvement in depressive symptoms score after cataract surgery for an older population in Vietnam.

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Evaluation of a calculation model to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on visual acuity in neovascular AMD

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211052389 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110523

Author(s):

Martin Stattin ◽

Anna-Maria Haas ◽

Daniel Ahmed ◽

Alexandra Graf ◽

Katharina Krepler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Real Life ◽

Treatment Interruption ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Calculation Model ◽

Life Outcomes ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Treatment ◽

The Real ◽

The Impact

Purpose A model was calculated during the first Austrian coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown to estimate the effect of a short-term treatment interruption due to healthcare restrictions on visual acuity (VA) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The model was compared to the real-life outcomes before treatment re-started. Methods Retrospective data-collection of 142 eyes in 142 patients receiving repeated intravitreal injections with anti-VEGF at a retina unit in Vienna in a personalized pro-re-nata regimen prior to the COVID-19 associated lockdown, when treatment was deferred between March 16 and May 4, 2020. During the lockdown, the preliminary data was integrated into pre-existing formulae based on the natural course of the disease in untreated eyes in the long term. Patients were re-scheduled and treated after gradually opening operating rooms. The calculation model was compared to the effective VA change. Results The model calculated an overall VA loss of 3.5 ± 0.8 letters early treatment diabetes retinopathy study (ETDRS) ( p < 0.001 [95% CI:3.3;3.6]) on average compared to 2.5 ± 6 letters ETDRS ( p < 0.001 [95% CI:1.5;3.5]) as measured with a mean treatment delay of 61 ± 14 days after previously scheduled appointments. The total difference between the model exercise and the real-life outcomes accounted for 1 ± 5.9 letters ETDRS ( p = 0.051 [95% CI: 0.1;1.9]). Conclusion The herein presented calculation model might not be suitable to estimate the effective VA loss correctly over time, although untreated eyes and eyes under therapy show similarities after short-term treatment interruption. However, this study demonstrated the potentially negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on patients compromised by nAMD.

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Successful Combination Therapy for Amblyopia Secondary to Micro-Esotropia And Anisometropia

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2021.7.3.p195 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 195-200

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Short Term ◽

Eccentric Fixation ◽

Case Summary ◽

Vision Therapy ◽

Spectacle Correction

Background: Micro-esotropia is a small-angle esodeviation typically less than nine prism diopters. Patients with this ocular condition often develop amblyopia due to the presence of a constant unilateral strabismus and an anisometropic refractive error in the deviated eye. Current treatment methods for strabismic and refractive amblyopia include spectacle correction, patching, and vision therapy (VT). Case Summary: A 9-year-old Asian female presented with a constant left primary micro-esotropia with unsteady eccentric fixation, contributing to mild amblyopia and frequent suppression in the left eye. She also had a hyperopic anisometropic refractive error. Combination treatment of in-office VT with short-term patching therapy (two hours per day) was administered, with the goal of improving her binocularity, fixation, and visual acuity. Conclusions: Amblyopia results from binocular dysfunction, therefore monocular patching therapy alone will not improve the underlying issue. VT is necessary to actively treat binocularity and subsequently improve visual acuity, while short-term patching can be used in combination to effectively target monocular accommodation and fixation.

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Photorefractive keratectomy for pediatric anisometropia: safety and impact on refractive error, visual acuity, and stereopsis

American Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ajo.2004.01.044 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 70-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Evelyn A. Paysse ◽

M.Bowes Hamill ◽

Mohamed A.W. Hussein ◽

Douglas D. Koch

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Photorefractive Keratectomy

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Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7820 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K Sapkota ◽

A Pirouzian ◽

NS Matta

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Chart Review ◽

Care Center ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Eye Care ◽

Common Cause ◽

Ocular Pathology ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Refractive error is a common cause of amblyopia. Objective: To determine prevalence of amblyopia and the pattern and the types of refractive error in children with amblyopia in a tertiary eye hospital of Nepal. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital (NEH) from July 2006 to June 2011 was conducted. Children of age 13+ or who had any ocular pathology were excluded. Cycloplegic refraction and an ophthalmological examination was performed for all children. The pattern of refractive error and the association between types of refractive error and types of amblyopia were determined. Results: Amblyopia was found in 0.7 % (440) of 62,633 children examined in NEH during this period. All the amblyopic eyes of the subjects had refractive error. Fifty-six percent (248) of the patients were male and the mean age was 7.74 ± 2.97 years. Anisometropia was the most common cause of amblyopia (p < 0.001). One third (29 %) of the subjects had bilateral amblyopia due to high ametropia. Forty percent of eyes had severe amblyopia with visual acuity of 20/120 or worse. About twothirds (59.2 %) of the eyes had astigmatism. Conclusion: The prevalence of amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital is 0.7%. Anisometropia is the most common cause of amblyopia. Astigmatism is the most common types of refractive error in amblyopic eyes. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):38-44 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7820

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