Association Between Visual Acuity, Ocular Pathology and Refractive Error with Computer Vision Syndrome: Cross Sectional University Study in Kenya

Abstract Background: Numerous factors have been shown to reduce symptomatic and non-symptomatic forms for computer vision syndrome. However, little is known on the impact among computer users diagnosed with severe symptoms of computer vision syndrome. The study assessed whether reduced visual acuity, ocular pathology and refractive error are associated with computer vision syndrome. Methods: A cross sectional university based study in Kenya. Seven hundred and eighty three participants were included in the study. Visual acuity was determined using snellens chart and converted to logMAR chart. Ocular pathology was determined through comprehensive examination using a slit lamp. Computer vision syndrome was determined using a validated questionnaire. Finally Retinoscopy was conducted to determine the type of refractive error. Results: Participants with refractive error above ± 0.50 dioptres had a greater odds, multivariate adjusted ratio 0.73 (95% CI 0.63-0.90) for developing computer vision syndrome. Similar to visual acuity with multivariate adjusted odds ratio of 0.31 (95% CI 0.24-0.47) and ocular pathologies being significantly associated with computer vision syndrome (p=.04). Ocular condition like sub conjunctival hemorrhage was not significantly associated with computer vision syndrome (P=.12). Conclusion: Reduced visual acuity, presence of ocular pathology and refractive error were associated with greater likelihood of computer vision syndrome. Particularly among those who had never had optical correction. Eye care providers are well placed to come up with proper diagnosis of CVS.

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The Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Surgeons: A cross sectional global study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28700/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Fawzy Khattab ◽

Tareq M.A. Kannan ◽

Ahmed Morsi ◽

Qussay Al-Sabbagh ◽

Fadi Hadidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Providers ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Short Term ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose: The outbreak of COVID-19 erupted in December 2019 in Wuhan-China. In a few weeks it progressed rapidly into a global pandemic which resulted in an overwhelming burden on health care systems, medical resources and staff.Spine surgeons as health care providers are no exception. In this study we try to highlight the impact of the crisis on spine surgeons in terms of knowledge, attitude, practice and socioeconomic BurdenMethods: This was global, multi-centric cross-sectional study on 781 spine surgeons that utilized an internet-based validated questionnaire to evaluate knowledge about COVID-19, availability of personal protective equipment (PEE), future perceptions, effect of this crisis on practice and psychological distress. Univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictors for the degree of COVID-19 effect on practice. Results: Overall, 20.2%, 52%, and 27.8% of the participants were affected minimally, intermediately, and hugely by COVID-19, respectively. Older ages (β= 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.56), orthopedic spine surgeons (β=0.30, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.61) and those who work in the private sector (β=0.05, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.61) were the most affected by COVID-19. Those who work in university hospitals (β=-0.36, 95% CI 0.00 to -0.71) were affected the least. The availability of N95 masks (47%) and disposable eye protectors or face shields (39.4%) was significantly associated with lower psychological stress (p=0.01). Only (6.9%), (3.7%), and (5%) had mild, moderate and severe mental distress, respectively.Conclusion: While it is important to recognize the short-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of spine surgery, predicting where we will be standing in 6-12 months remains difficult and unknown. The COVID-19 crisis will probably have an unexpected long-term impact on lives and economies.

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Accommodative and binocular disorders in preteens with computer vision syndrome: a cross‐sectional study

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/nyas.14553 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Concepción De‐Hita‐Cantalejo ◽

Ángel García‐Pérez ◽

José‐María Sánchez‐González ◽

Raúl Capote‐Puente ◽

María Carmen Sánchez‐González

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome

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High prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma patients and the impact of vitamin D levels, a cross-sectional study

Supportive Care in Cancer ◽

10.1007/s00520-021-06414-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. E. Oortgiesen ◽

J. A. Kroes ◽

P. Scholtens ◽

J. Hoogland ◽

P. Dannenberg - de Keijzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Trial Registration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We hypothesized that the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and PN described in diabetes mellitus patients may also be present in MM patients. Methods To study this potential association, we assessed the incidence of hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D < 75 nmol/L [= 30 ng/mL]) in smouldering and active MM patients in two Dutch hospitals. Furthermore, a validated questionnaire was used to distinguish different PN grades. Results Of the 120 patients included between January 2017 and August 2018, 84% had an inadequate vitamin D level (median vitamin D level 49.5 nmol/L [IQR 34–65 nmol/L]; mean age: 68 years [SD ± 7.7]; males: 58%). PN was reported by 69% of patients (n = 83); however, of these 83 patients, PN was not documented in the medical records of 52%. An association was found between lower vitamin D levels and higher incidence of PN in the total population (P = 0.035), and in the active MM patients (P = 0.016). Conclusion This multi-centre cohort study showed that PN and hypovitaminosis D are common in MM patients, and addressing low vitamin D levels in the treatment of MM patients might be beneficial in reducing the risk of PN. More attention for PN is warranted, as PN is underreported by clinicians. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of vitamin D in the development of PN in patients with MM. Clinical trial registration Netherland Trial Register NL5835, date of registration July 28, 2016

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Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7820 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K Sapkota ◽

A Pirouzian ◽

NS Matta

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Chart Review ◽

Care Center ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Eye Care ◽

Common Cause ◽

Ocular Pathology ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Refractive error is a common cause of amblyopia. Objective: To determine prevalence of amblyopia and the pattern and the types of refractive error in children with amblyopia in a tertiary eye hospital of Nepal. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital (NEH) from July 2006 to June 2011 was conducted. Children of age 13+ or who had any ocular pathology were excluded. Cycloplegic refraction and an ophthalmological examination was performed for all children. The pattern of refractive error and the association between types of refractive error and types of amblyopia were determined. Results: Amblyopia was found in 0.7 % (440) of 62,633 children examined in NEH during this period. All the amblyopic eyes of the subjects had refractive error. Fifty-six percent (248) of the patients were male and the mean age was 7.74 ± 2.97 years. Anisometropia was the most common cause of amblyopia (p < 0.001). One third (29 %) of the subjects had bilateral amblyopia due to high ametropia. Forty percent of eyes had severe amblyopia with visual acuity of 20/120 or worse. About twothirds (59.2 %) of the eyes had astigmatism. Conclusion: The prevalence of amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital is 0.7%. Anisometropia is the most common cause of amblyopia. Astigmatism is the most common types of refractive error in amblyopic eyes. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):38-44 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7820

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Computer Vision Syndrome Prevalence and Ocular Sequelae among Medical Students: A University-Wide Study on a Marginalized Visual Security Issue

The Open Ophthalmology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874364102115010156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 156-170

Author(s):

Mohammed Iqbal ◽

Hosam Elzembely ◽

Ahmed Elmassry ◽

Mervat Elgharieb ◽

Ahmed Assaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Medical Students ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Security Issue ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ophthalmic Examination ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome

Introduction: This study aimed to discover and document the potential of visual and ocular sequelae of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on medical students (n=4030) of five universities in Egypt. All students completed a specially designed and validated CVS questionnaire survey (CVS-F3). Students with ≥5 CVS symptoms constituted a risk group (n=352), while students with 1-4 CVS symptoms constituted a low-symptoms group (n=3067). Students from the control and risk groups were examined using objective methods, such as visual acuity, subjective refraction, dry eye disease tests, and anterior segment and fundus examinations. Students who complained of visual blur underwent multifocal electroretinography mfERG examinations (mfERG group). Results: The CVS-F3 indicated that 84.8% of students had complaints that might be related to CVS, however, our ophthalmic examination group revealed only a 56% CVS prevalence rate. The most common single screen type used by 70.4% of students was the smartphone, and the most common complaint was headache (50.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CVS was significantly associated with increased screen-hours, including >2 screen-hours daily (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; P<0.0001), >2 screen-hours at night (OR, 1.79; P=0.003), and ≥3 screen-years (OR, 1.69; P=0.006). In the mfERG group, 37% demonstrated reduced amplitudes of mfERG rings and quadrants, indicating reduced foveal responses. Conclusion: CVS-questionnaires overestimate the true CVS prevalence and sequelae, which could be accurately detected by objective ophthalmic examination. Smartphones primarily caused CVS among students, with CVS severity increasing in correlation with shorter eye-to-screen distance and frequent use. Contact lens wearing doubled the risk of CVS development and augmented its severity. CVS might affect macular integrity with screen-induced foveal dysfunction. Clinical Trials Registration: PACTR201811618954630.

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A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence and associated factors of computer vision syndrome among engineering students of Hyderabad, Telangana

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 308

Author(s):

Anupama Pulla ◽

Asma . ◽

Nanduri Samyuktha ◽

Soumya Kasubagula ◽

Aishwarya Kataih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Engineering Students ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Study Population ◽

Near Work

Background: Computer vision syndrome is a complex of eye and vision problems related to near work which are experienced due to prolonged computer use. Computers demand near work, for longer duration which increases discomfort of eye and prolonged exposure to the discomfort leads to a cascade of symptoms that can be referred as computer vision syndrome. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among engineering students of Hyderabad, Telangana and to determine the factors related to computer vision syndrome among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March to June 2017 among students of an engineering college in Hyderabad, Telangana. A convenient sample of 300 students was taken and a predesigned, pre tested questionnaire was used to obtain information.Results: Majority of study population were males (56.3%). Around 75.1% of study population were using all the electronic gadgets like computers, laptops and smartphones. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome was found to be 60.3%. Around 46.7% of study population viewed the screen from a distance of 22-40 centimeters.Conclusions: As students pursuing engineering stream are the future IT and Computer software engineers, preventive strategies adopted by them will significantly decrease the burden of computer vision syndrome and improve productivity. In this study a significant proportion of the engineering students were found to be having vision problems, which emphasizes the need to adopt preventive measures to avoid computer vision syndrome.

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PREVALENCE OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.10.2/012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

Farah Deeba

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Physical Therapy ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blurred Vision ◽

Visual Rehabilitation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ocular Symptoms ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Physical Therapy Student

BACKGROUND AND AIM Computers and other digital screens have become an integral part of our life. It raises various ocular problems in the user due to excessive screen time, this study aims to determine the frequency of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in population of under graduate physical therapy student. METHODOLOGY This was cross-sectional study conducted at Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences; Karachi during June 2019 to September 2020.A total number of 340 candidates of age 22 years ± 1.8 including both genders participated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to collect data which was statistically analyzed on SPSS version 20. Whereas descriptive data was calculated as mean, median, mode and standard deviation using graphical representations. RESULTS 88.5% of the students used mobile phones for study purpose out of which 35.3% use it for 4-7 hour and 33% use for 7 to 10 hours a day. The ocular symptoms that students face was burning of eyes (40%), tearing (55%), eye redness (45.3%), diplopia 31.8%, blurred vision (42.9%), eye dryness (23.8%), while extra ocular symptom that was noticed in the study included headache too was (67.9%). CONCLUSION This study showed that most of the students were found to have a CVS thus screen time guide lines and visual rehabilitation must established.

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COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN A TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA

Kanem Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.36020/kjms.2021.1503 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Nwankwo B ◽

◽

Mumueh KP ◽

Olorukooba AA ◽

Usman NO

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Computer Vision ◽

Computer Use ◽

P Value ◽

Tertiary Institution ◽

Blurred Vision ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Computers and other visual display devices have become essential in the present era and have led to a rise in computer-related health problems. Using computers in homes, universities and other institutions has increased output greatly but has also led to an increased risk of developing Computer vision syndrome (CVS). Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with computer vision syndrome among undergraduates. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among153 respondents who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. A Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between CVS and associated risk factors at a P-value of <0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 22.4 ± 3.4 years. The prevalence of CVS in this study was 83 (54.3%). The common symptoms experienced among the respondents were headache (51, 61.4%), eye strain (48, 57.8%) and blurred vision (42, 50.6%). The risk factors significantly associated with CVS in this study were duration of computer use, hours of computer use per day, level of a computer screen and taking breaks during computer use. Conclusion: About half of the students in this study had at least one symptom of CVS. Therefore, awareness of CVS should be created by the institution during which students would be educated on CVS and its prevention.

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Lack of Awareness of the Impact of Improperly Disposed Of Medications and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Indonesian Households

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.630434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sofa D. Alfian ◽

Widya N. Insani ◽

Eli Halimah ◽

Nabilla A. Qonita ◽

Siti S. Jannah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Providers ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Places ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Unused Medications ◽

Medication Disposal ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Disposal of unused medications through environmentally unsafe routes is common in Indonesia. The lack of awareness of the impact of improperly disposed of medications is a significant contributing factor. The objectives of this study were to identify factors associated with lack of awareness of the impact of improperly disposed of unused medications and to assess the associations of awareness with medication disposal practices among the general population in Indonesia.Patients and methods: An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted using nonprobability sampling in Bandung, Indonesia, from November 2017 to January 2018 among respondents who were older than 18 years, had used any medication in the past, were literate, and had signed an informed consent document. Disposal practices and awareness regarding the impact of improperly disposed of unused medications were collected using an online- and a paper-based pre-validated questionnaire. The paper-based questionnaires were distributed to respondents in public places such as city center, markets, and religious places. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess associations of sociodemographic and other related factors with a lack of awareness. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.Results: Of 497 participating respondents, 433 and 64 respondents filled an online- or a paper-based questionnaire, respectively. Most respondents were female, aged between 18 and 30 years, and students/university students. Of 497 respondents, more than half (53.1%) were not aware that improper medication disposal could harm the environment and population health. Most respondents (79.5%) had never received information about proper medication disposal practices. The education level, the number of stored medications at home, and previous education about medication disposal practices were significantly associated with awareness of proper practices. In the multivariate analysis, only those with previous education about medication disposal practices were less likely to report a lack of awareness (OR: 0.043; 95% CI: 0.02–0.09). Respondents with a lack of awareness tended to dispose of their unused medications in the garbage or shared them with friends or relatives.Conclusion: There is a clear need to increase awareness of the importance of proper medication disposal practices, in particular among the student population of Bandung city, Indonesia. Healthcare providers can play an important role by educating this specific population on the proper disposal of unused medications.

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