Neurobiology of Comorbid Substance Use Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders

Seasonal allergies have been associated with mental health problems, though the evidence is still emergent, particularly in the United States. We analyzed data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication and the National Latino and Asian American Survey (years 2001–2003). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relations between lifetime allergies and lifetime psychiatric disorders (each disorder in a separate model), adjusting for socio-demographic variables (including region of residence) and tobacco use. Analyses were also stratified to test for effect modification by race and sex. A history of seasonal allergies was associated with greater odds of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders, but not alcohol or substance use disorders, after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and tobacco use. The associations between seasonal allergies and mood disorders, substance use disorders, and alcohol use disorders were particularly strong for Latino Americans. The association between seasonal allergies and eating disorders was stronger for men than women. Seasonal allergies are a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Individuals complaining of seasonal allergies should be screened for early signs of mental health problems and referred to specialized services accordingly.

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Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders Among Homeless Veterans

Homelessness Among U.S. Veterans ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190695132.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 35-60

Author(s):

Sonya Gabrielian ◽

Ashton M. Gores ◽

Lillian Gelberg ◽

Jack Tsai

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Supported Housing ◽

United States Armed Forces ◽

Homeless Veterans ◽

Veteran Status ◽

Epidemiology Data ◽

Housing Outcomes

Mental illness and substance use disorders (SUDs) are strong risk factors for homelessness, regardless of Veteran status. This chapter describes the interplay between mental illness, SUDs, the co-occurrence of these disorders (CoD), and homelessness among Veterans; the authors consider military-specific experiences (e.g., combat) and factors associated with homelessness for both Veteran and non-Veteran adults (e.g., childhood adversity). They present epidemiology data on mental illness and SUDs among homeless Veterans, considering specific diagnoses (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder) and experiences (e.g., military sexual trauma) that are highly prevalent within or unique to persons who served in the United States Armed Forces. In addition, the authors present qualitative and quantitative data on pathways to homelessness for Veterans with mental illness, SUDs, and/or CoD, considering distinct pathways seen in special populations (e.g., women Veterans, who have high rates of trauma, and the newest cohort of Veterans who served in Iraq or Afghanistan). Last, the authors discuss supported housing outcomes for homeless Veterans with psychiatric disorders and SUDs. They discuss the utility of these programs for homeless Veterans with mental health problems and explore the influence of psychiatric disorders and SUDs among Veterans with poor supported housing outcomes.

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Young Adult Outcome of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0006 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Mai Uchida ◽

Joseph Biederman

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Massachusetts General Hospital ◽

Emotional Dysregulation ◽

Neural Basis ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Wide Range

The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Longitudinal Studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) evaluated and followed a large sample of both boys and girls with ADHD and controls without ADHD, along with their families, ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources. These studies documented that ADHD in both sexes is associated with high levels of persistence onto adulthood; high levels of familiality with ADHD and other psychiatric disorders; a wide range of comorbid psychiatric and cognitive disorders including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders; learning disabilities with reading and math; executive function deficits; emotional dysregulation and autistic traits; as well as educational, social, and occupational dysfunctions. The MGH studies also suggested that stimulant treatment significantly decreased the risk of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and impaired functional outcomes. The studies also documented the neural basis of the persistence of ADHD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

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The prevalence of substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders as a function of psychotic symptoms

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 131 (1-2) ◽

pp. 78-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

William V. Lechner ◽

Jennifer Dahne ◽

Kevin W. Chen ◽

Alison Pickover ◽

Jessica M. Richards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Psychotic Symptoms

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The familial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey: A family history study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.170.6.541 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 170 (6) ◽

pp. 541-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 238

Author(s):

Kenneth S. Kendler ◽

Christopher G. Davis ◽

Ronald C. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Familial Aggregation ◽

Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽

Familial Transmission ◽

National Comorbidity Survey ◽

Externalising Disorders ◽

History Of

BackgroundMost family studies of psychiatric disorders examine one syndrome at a time, and identify probands in clinical rather than epidemiological settings.MethodIn the National Comorbidity Survey, 5877 respondents were asked about the history of five psychiatric disorders in their parents: major depression (MD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), antisocial personality disorder (ASP), alcohol abuse/dependence (AAD) and drug abuse/dependence (DAD).ResultsSignificant familial aggregation was seen for all disorders. Controlling for other disorders produced only modest reductions in the odds ratios for MD. GAD and AAD and larger reductions for ASP and DAD. The familial transmission of these disorders can be explained by underlying vulnerabilities to internalising and to externalising disorders transmitted across generations with moderate fidelity.ConclusionsFamilial aggregation of common psychiatric and substance use disorders is substantial in epidemiologic samples. The examined environmental adversities account for little of the observed parent-offspring transmission of these conditions.

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A prospective examination of Axis I psychiatric disorders in the first 5 years following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291715002986 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1331-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Y. Alway ◽

K. R. Gould ◽

L. Johnston ◽

D. McKenzie ◽

J. Ponsford

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Substance Use ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

First Year ◽

Post Injury ◽

Over Time

BackgroundPsychiatric disorders commonly emerge during the first year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is not clear whether these disorders soon remit or persist for long periods post-injury. This study aimed to examine, prospectively: (1) the frequency, (2) patterns of co-morbidity, (3) trajectory, and (4) risk factors for psychiatric disorders during the first 5 years following TBI.MethodParticipants were 161 individuals (78.3% male) with moderate (31.2%) or severe (68.8%) TBI. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, administered soon after injury and 3, 6 and 12 months, and 2, 3, 4 and 5 years post-injury. Disorder frequencies and generalized estimating equations were used to identify temporal relationships and risk factors.ResultsIn the first 5 years post-injury, 75.2% received a psychiatric diagnosis, commonly emerging within the first year (77.7%). Anxiety, mood and substance-use disorders were the most common diagnostic classes, often presenting co-morbidly. Many (56.5%) experienced a novel diagnostic class not present prior to injury. Disorder frequency ranged between 61.8 and 35.6% over time, decreasing by 27% [odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.83] with each year post-injury. Anxiety disorders declined significantly over time (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63–0.84), whilst mood and substance-use disorder rates remained stable. The strongest predictors of post-injury disorder were pre-injury disorder (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.41–4.25) and accident-related limb injury (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.03–3.07).ConclusionsFindings suggest the first year post-injury is a critical period for the emergence of psychiatric disorders. Disorder frequency declines thereafter, with anxiety disorders showing greater resolution than mood and substance-use disorders.

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A Study to Assess the Suicidal Behaviour among the Psychiatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Guntur

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0304.109 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dr Vaddadi. Venkata kiran ◽

Dr. Neeli Uma Jyothi ◽

Mounica. Bollu

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Wide Range ◽

Self Harm ◽

Commit Suicide

Suicide attempt is a deliberate act of self harm with at least some intent of die that does not result in death. Such act has a wide range of medical seriousness. Individuals with psychiatric disorders are far more likely to commit suicide than the others. People who are psychologically disabled are often commit suicide from years of pain, frustration and depression. Spiritually they may perceive themselves as hopelessly damaged and lose all sense of purpose and meaning of life. Suicide is not a diagnosis or a disorder. it is a behaviour. Suicide is a worldwide, national, local and familial problem. 90% of people who kill themselves suffer from a diagnosable and preventable problem such as depression co-occurring mental and substance use disorders are common and potent combination among those who die by suicide.

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Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Sociodemographic Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in the All Of Us Biobank

10.1101/2021.12.02.21266700 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter B. Barr ◽

Tim B. Bigdeli ◽

Jacquelyn M. Meyers

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Large Scale ◽

Demographic Correlates ◽

Sociodemographic Correlates ◽

Demographic Covariates

ABSTRACTImportanceAll of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into the etiology of psychiatric disorders and disparities across various sociodemographic categories.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence, comorbidity, and demographic covariates of psychiatric and substance use disorders in the All of Us biobank.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe estimated prevalence, overlap, and demographic correlates for psychiatric disorders derived from electronic health records in the All of Us biobank (release 5; N = 331,380)ExposuresSocial and demographic covariates.Main Outcome and MeasuresPsychiatric disorders derived from ICD10CM codes and grouped into phecodes across six broad domains: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.ResultsThe prevalence of various disorders ranges from approximately 15% to less than 1%, with mood and anxiety disorders being the most common, followed by substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. There is substantial overlap among disorders, with a large portion of those with a disorder (~57%) having two or more registered diagnoses and tetrachoric correlations ranging from 0.43 – 0.74. The prevalence of disorders across demographic categories demonstrates that non-Hispanic whites, those of low socioeconomic status, women and those assigned female at birth, and sexual minorities are at greatest risk for most disorders.Conclusions and RelevanceAlthough the rates of disorders in All of Us are lower than rates for disorders in the general population, there is considerable variation, comorbidity, and differences across social groups. Large-scale resources like All of Us will prove to be invaluable for understanding the causes and consequences of psychiatric conditions. As we move towards an era of precision medicine, we must work to ensure it is delivered in an equitable manner.

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