The Impact of Acamprosate on Cue Reactivity in Alcohol Dependent Individuals

Aims and methodClinical audit methodology was used to compare the treatment of alcohol misusers at risk of Wernicke's encephalopathy in an acute medical setting, and to assess the impact of providing information about best practice to prescribing doctors. All patients prescribed thiamine during an admission to an acute hospital trust over a 6-month period were identified, and data about their treatment episode were collected retrospectively. Hospital pharmacists then provided all prescribers with a flowchart summarising current prescribing guidelines, and prescribing patterns were re-audited 6 months later.ResultsOver two audit periods, half of the patients prescribed thiamine whose case notes we examined had symptoms suggestive of Wernicke's encephalopathy, and another 30% were at high risk. Prescribing adhered to hospital guidelines only in 14% of cases, with the pharmacy-led intervention associated with a small but significant increase in the number of patients receiving adequate treatment for Wernicke's encephalopathy.Clinical implicationsWernicke's encephalopathy is relatively common in alcohol-dependent individuals admitted to hospital, and it is easily and cheaply managed. However, even when potential cases are identified, prescribing guidelines are followed in a minority of cases, even with prompting by a hospital pharmacist. This may be related to the limited research base concerning the optimum dosing schedule of thiamine, or fears about possible anaphylaxis when using parenteral preparations.

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Mortality Rate Due to Circulatory and Alcohol-Dependent Diseases in Different Climatic Zones of Russia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 1867-1872

Author(s):

Tatiana P. Yakovleva ◽

Natalia I. Nikitina ◽

Zhanna R. Gardanova ◽

Natalia S. Mikhailova ◽

Albina V. Gaponenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climatic Zone ◽

Male Population ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Female Population ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Average Annual Temperature ◽

Circulatory System Diseases ◽

Murmansk Region ◽

The Impact ◽

Alcohol Dependent

AIM: Evaluation of the impact of climatic factors on the formation of mortality due to circulatory diseases and a group of diseases related to alcohol consumption identified as alcohol-dependent. METHODS: The study subject was the adult population residing in different climatic zones of Russia: in the second, third and fourth zones, with different conditions: average annual temperature (5.2°C; 1-2°C; -2.0°C), snow cover duration (≤ 150 days, ≤ 180 days, ≈ 220 days) sunshine duration and the presence of polar night and polar day in the territory of the fourth climatic zone. The assessment “impact-case of death” was carried out by calculating the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for circulatory system diseases (CSD) and alcohol-dependent diseases (ADD) in accordance with the international classification of diseases (ICD-X). RESULTS: The SIR of death from alcohol-dependent diseases for the female population in the 4th climatic zone (Murmansk Region) was the highest: the SIR of death from ADD 1.87; 95% CI (1.5-2.7), the SIR of death from CSD 1.3; 95% CI (1.2-2.3). For the female population in the 3rd climatic zone (Novosibirsk Region), the SIR of death has amounted to: SIRADD 1.52; 95% CI (1.2-1.87), SIRCSD 1.14; 95 CI (1.01-1.3). Living in the 3rd climatic zone was not so important for the health of the male population: the SIR of death from CSD 1.1; 95% CI (1.05-1.13); the SIR of death from ADD 0.8; 95% CI (0.65-0.98). However, living in the 4th climatic zone (Murmansk Region) poses a higher risk of death for the male population: SIRCSD 1.22 (22.0%); 95% CI (1.02-3.95); SIRADD 1.45 (45.0%); 95% CI (0.98-2.1). CONCLUSION: Living in high northern latitudes contributes to higher levels of mortality, both female and male, from circulatory and alcohol-dependent diseases.

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Impulsivity and Drug-Seeking Behavior in Substance Misuse

Substance Use Disorders ◽

10.1093/med/9780190920197.003.0004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 65-86

Author(s):

Noelle C. Anastasio ◽

Dennis J. Sholler ◽

Brionna D. Davis-Reyes ◽

Amanda E. Price ◽

Michelle A. Land ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Cue Reactivity ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Psychoactive Drugs ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Drug Seeking ◽

Drug Cues ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

Substances Of Abuse

Vulnerability to initiate use of psychoactive drugs as well as relapse to drug-seeking in patients with established substance use disorders are precipitated by behavioral disinhibition or impulsivity (a predisposition toward rapid unplanned reactions to stimuli without regard to negative consequences) and attentional bias toward drug cues (cue reactivity). These behavioral phenotypes are not independent mechanistically nor neurobiologically, and preclinical analyses have demonstrated the complex nature of the interactions between these interlocked phenotypic behaviors, including aspects of their shared neurobiology and circuitry. This chapter focuses on impulsivity and drug-seeking behaviors from a preclinical perspective and summarizes studies exploring the impact of substances of abuse in the context of the neurobiology of impulsivity and drug-seeking behaviors in rodents.

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The effect of cue reactivity on striatal reward anticipation in alcohol dependent individuals

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(17)30161-x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. S89-S90

Author(s):

T. Van Timmeren ◽

R. Van Holst ◽

W. Van den Brink ◽

A. Goudriaan

Keyword(s):

Cue Reactivity ◽

Reward Anticipation ◽

Alcohol Dependent

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Exposure to Point-of-Sale Marketing of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes as Predictors of Smoking Cessation Behaviors

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntx246 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 212-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dale S Mantey ◽

Keryn E Pasch ◽

Alexandra Loukas ◽

Cheryl L Perry

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Cue Reactivity ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Point Of Sale ◽

Cigarette Advertising ◽

Advertising Exposure ◽

Cigarette Cessation ◽

Product Displays ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Cue-reactivity theory suggests that smoking-related visual cues such as point-of-sale (POS) marketing (eg, advertising, product displays) may undermine cessation attempts by causing an increase in nicotine cravings among users. This study examined the relationship between recall of exposure to POS marketing and subsequent cessation behaviors among young adult cigarette smokers. Methods Participants included 813, 18–29 year old (m = 21.1, SD = 2.70), current cigarette smokers attending 24 Texas colleges. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the impact of baseline self-reported exposure to cigarette and e-cigarette advertising and product displays, on using e-cigarettes for cessation and successful cigarette cessation at 6-month follow-up. Two-way interactions between product-specific advertising and between product-specific displays were examined to determine if the marketing of one product strengthened the cue reactivity of the other. Baseline covariates included sociodemographic factors, past quit attempts, intentions to quit smoking, and nicotine dependence. Results Exposure to e-cigarette displays was associated with lower odds of cigarette smoking cessation, controlling for covariates and conventional cigarette display exposure. E-cigarette advertising was positively associated with the use of e-cigarettes for cigarette cessation among participants exposed to low (ie, at least 1 SD below the mean) levels of cigarette advertising. Cigarette advertising was associated with the use of e-cigarettes for cigarette cessation only among those exposed to low levels of e-cigarette advertising. Exposure to cigarette displays was not associated with either outcome. Conclusion Smoking-related cues at POS may undermine successful cigarette cessation. Exposure to product displays decrease odds of cessation. Advertising exposure increased odds for using e-cigarettes for cessation attempts, but may have guided smokers towards an unproven cessation aid. Implications By examining the interaction of conventional cigarette and e-cigarette marketing exposure, this study adds a unique insight into the impact of retail tobacco marketing on cigarette smoking cessation behavior among young adults. These findings suggest that policies that balance encouraging cigarette smoking cessation while limiting marketing strategies should be considered, such as POS product displays, that may undermine successful cessation attempts.

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Predicting Inpatient Detoxification Outcome of Alcohol and Drug Dependent Patients: The Influence of Sociodemographic Environment, Motivation, Impulsivity, and Medical Comorbidities

Journal of Addiction ◽

10.1155/2017/6415831 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yvonne Sofin ◽

Heidi Danker-Hopfe ◽

Tina Gooren ◽

Peter Neu

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Social Environment ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Emergency Admission ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Current Treatment ◽

The Impact ◽

Drug And Alcohol ◽

Drop Outs ◽

Alcohol Dependent

Aims. This prospective study aims to identify patient characteristics as predictors for treatment outcome during inpatient detoxification treatment for drug and alcohol dependent patients.Methods. A mixed gender sample of 832 consecutively admitted drug and alcohol dependent patients were interviewed by an experienced physician. The impact of a variety of factors concerning social environment, therapy motivation, impulsivity related variables, medical history, and addiction severity on treatment outcome was examined.Results. 525 (63.1%) of the patients completed detoxification treatment whereas 307 (36.9%) dropped out prematurely. Being female, living in a partnership, having children, being employed, and having good education were predictive for a positive outcome. Family, health, the fear of losing the job, prosecution, and emergency admission were significant motivational predictors for treatment outcome. Being younger, history of imprisonment, and the number of previous drop-outs were predictive for a negative outcome.Conclusions. Variables concerning social environment and the number of previous drop-outs have been identified as best predictors for treatment outcome. Socially stable patients benefit from the current treatment setting and treatment shall be adapted for patients with negative predictors. Treatment may consequently be tailored with respect to intervention type, duration, and intensity to improve the outcome for those patients that fulfil criteria with negative impact on treatment retention.

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An fMRI study on the effect of cue reactivity on striatal reward anticipation in alcohol dependent patients

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(17)31837-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. S1052

Author(s):

T. Van Timmeren ◽

R.J. Van Holst ◽

W. Van den Brink ◽

A.E. Goudriaan

Keyword(s):

Cue Reactivity ◽

Reward Anticipation ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Alcohol Dependent

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