scholarly journals PD41-11 A DEEPER LOOK INTO SURGEON USE OF 3D VIRTUAL IMAGING PLATFORM (IRISTM): ANALYSIS OF GAZE PATTERNS AND PUPIL METRICS USING HEAD MOUNTED EYE TRACKERS (HMET)

2021 ◽  
Vol 206 (Supplement 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Melnyk ◽  
Yuxin Chen ◽  
Tyler Holler ◽  
Nathan Schuler ◽  
Scott Quarrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Virtual Imaging

scholarly journals Dynamic scan paths investigations under manual and highly automated driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Navarro ◽  
Otto Lappi ◽  
François Osiurak ◽  
Emma Hernout ◽  
Catherine Gabaude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Scan Paths ◽  
Highly Automated Driving

AbstractActive visual scanning of the scene is a key task-element in all forms of human locomotion. In the field of driving, steering (lateral control) and speed adjustments (longitudinal control) models are largely based on drivers’ visual inputs. Despite knowledge gained on gaze behaviour behind the wheel, our understanding of the sequential aspects of the gaze strategies that actively sample that input remains restricted. Here, we apply scan path analysis to investigate sequences of visual scanning in manual and highly automated simulated driving. Five stereotypical visual sequences were identified under manual driving: forward polling (i.e. far road explorations), guidance, backwards polling (i.e. near road explorations), scenery and speed monitoring scan paths. Previously undocumented backwards polling scan paths were the most frequent. Under highly automated driving backwards polling scan paths relative frequency decreased, guidance scan paths relative frequency increased, and automation supervision specific scan paths appeared. The results shed new light on the gaze patterns engaged while driving. Methodological and empirical questions for future studies are discussed.

scholarly journals In silico imaging clinical trials: cheaper, faster, better, safer, and more scalable

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Badano
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Virtual Imaging ◽  
Regulatory Evaluation

AbstractImaging clinical trials can be burdensome and often delay patient access to novel, high-quality medical devices. Tools for in silico imaging trials have significantly improved in sophistication and availability. Here, I describe some of the principal advantages of in silico imaging trials and enumerate five lessons learned during the design and execution of the first all-in silico virtual imaging clinical trial for regulatory evaluation (the VICTRE study).

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Kinect-Based and Oculus-Based Gaze Region Estimation Methods in a Driving Simulator

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
David González-Ortega ◽  
Francisco Javier Díaz-Pernas ◽  
Mario Martínez-Zarzuela ◽  
Míriam Antón-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Gaze Estimation ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Oculus Rift ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
And Performance

Driver’s gaze information can be crucial in driving research because of its relation to driver attention. Particularly, the inclusion of gaze data in driving simulators broadens the scope of research studies as they can relate drivers’ gaze patterns to their features and performance. In this paper, we present two gaze region estimation modules integrated in a driving simulator. One uses the 3D Kinect device and another uses the virtual reality Oculus Rift device. The modules are able to detect the region, out of seven in which the driving scene was divided, where a driver is gazing at in every route processed frame. Four methods were implemented and compared for gaze estimation, which learn the relation between gaze displacement and head movement. Two are simpler and based on points that try to capture this relation and two are based on classifiers such as MLP and SVM. Experiments were carried out with 12 users that drove on the same scenario twice, each one with a different visualization display, first with a big screen and later with Oculus Rift. On the whole, Oculus Rift outperformed Kinect as the best hardware for gaze estimation. The Oculus-based gaze region estimation method with the highest performance achieved an accuracy of 97.94%. The information provided by the Oculus Rift module enriches the driving simulator data and makes it possible a multimodal driving performance analysis apart from the immersion and realism obtained with the virtual reality experience provided by Oculus.

scholarly journals Auto-Calibrated Gaze Estimation Using Human Gaze Patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fares Alnajar ◽  
Theo Gevers ◽  
Roberto Valenti ◽  
Sennay Ghebreab
Keyword(s):  
Gaze Estimation ◽  
Gaze Patterns

scholarly journals Gaze-pattern similarity at encoding may interfere with future memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie klein Selle ◽  
Matthias Gamer ◽  
Yoni Pertzov
Keyword(s):  
Interference Effect ◽  
Directed Forgetting ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Pink Noise ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Memory Control ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
The Way

AbstractHuman brains have a remarkable ability to separate streams of visual input into distinct memory-traces. It is unclear, however, how this ability relates to the way these inputs are explored via unique gaze-patterns. Moreover, it is yet unknown how motivation to forget or remember influences the link between gaze similarity and memory. In two experiments, we used a modified directed-forgetting paradigm and either showed blurred versions of the encoded scenes (Experiment 1) or pink noise images (Experiment 2) during attempted memory control. Both experiments demonstrated that higher levels of across-stimulus gaze similarity relate to worse future memory. Although this across-stimulus interference effect was unaffected by motivation, it depended on the perceptual overlap between stimuli and was more pronounced for different scene comparisons, than scene–pink noise comparisons. Intriguingly, these findings echo the pattern similarity effects from the neuroimaging literature and pinpoint a mechanism that could aid the regulation of unwanted memories.

The Use of Eye Tracking to Discern the Threshold at Which Metopic Orbitofrontal Deformity Attracts Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1392-1401
Author(s):  
Mark P. Pressler ◽  
Emily L. Geisler ◽  
Rami R. Hallac ◽  
James R. Seaward ◽  
Alex A. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Average Dwell Time ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Introduction and Objectives: Surgical treatment for trigonocephaly aims to eliminate a stigmatizing deformity, yet the severity that captures unwanted attention is unknown. Surgeons intervene at different points of severity, eliciting controversy. This study used eye tracking to investigate when deformity is perceived. Material and Methods: Three-dimensional photogrammetric images of a normal child and a child with trigonocephaly were mathematically deformed, in 10% increments, to create a spectrum of 11 images. These images were shown to participants using an eye tracker. Participants’ gaze patterns were analyzed, and participants were asked if each image looked “normal” or “abnormal.” Results: Sixty-six graduate students were recruited. Average dwell time toward pathologic areas of interest (AOIs) increased proportionally, from 0.77 ± 0.33 seconds at 0% deformity to 1.08 ± 0.75 seconds at 100% deformity ( P < .0001). A majority of participants did not agree an image looked “abnormal” until 90% deformity from any angle. Conclusion: Eye tracking can be used as a proxy for attention threshold toward orbitofrontal deformity. The amount of attention toward orbitofrontal AOIs increased proportionally with severity. Participants did not generally agree there was “abnormality” until deformity was severe. This study supports the assertion that surgical intervention may be best reserved for more severe deformity.

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