The Laboratory Impact of Changing Syphilis Screening From the Rapid-Plasma Reagin to a Treponemal Enzyme Immunoassay: A Case-study From the Greater Toronto Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmistha Mishra ◽  
Marie-Claude Boily ◽  
Victoria Ng ◽  
Wayne L. Gold ◽  
Tom Okura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Syphilis Screening

scholarly journals Clinical Performance of the BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR Assay at a Tertiary Medical Center with a High Rate of Syphilis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merih T. Tesfazghi ◽  
Neil W. Anderson ◽  
Ann M. Gronowski ◽  
Melanie L. Yarbrough
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Plasma Reagin ◽  
Antibody Absorption ◽  
Traditional Algorithm ◽  
Syphilis Screening ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
Positive Population

ABSTRACT Manual treponemal and nontreponemal serologic testing has historically been used for the diagnosis of syphilis. This approach is simple and reproducible but labor intensive. Recently, the FDA cleared the fully automated BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR assay for the detection of treponemal and nontreponemal antibodies. We evaluated the clinical performance of this assay at a tertiary medical center with a high syphilis prevalence. Prospective consecutively collected (n = 400) and known RPR-positive (n = 100) specimens were compared using predicate manual rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA) methods and the BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR assay. Positive and negative percent agreements (PPA and NPA, respectively) between the assays were calculated. The PPA and NPA between the manual and BioPlex 2200 RPR results for the prospective population were 85% (17/20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 69% to 100%) and 98% (373/380; 95% CI, 97% to 99%), respectively. The PPA for the manual RPR-positive population was 88% (88/100; 95% CI, 82% to 94%). Overall, the manual and BioPlex 2200 RPR titers demonstrated 78% (99/127) concordance within ±1 dilution and 94% (120/127) within ±2 dilutions. An interpretation of the syphilis serologic profile using the traditional algorithm showed a concordance of 99.5% in the prospective population and 85% in the manual RPR-positive cohort. The performance of the BioPlex 2200 Syphilis Total & RPR assay is comparable to those of manual methods. The high NPA of this assay combined with the ability to automate a historically labor-intensive assay is an appealing attribute for syphilis screening in a high-volume laboratory.

Erratum: Estimating the urban metabolism of Canadian cities: Greater Toronto Area case study

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halla R Sahely ◽  
Shauna Dudding ◽  
Christopher A Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Metabolism ◽  
Greater Toronto Area

scholarly journals Mandatory Community Service Program: A Case Study of Young Nepalese Canadians Experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Nabin Maharjan ◽  
Tom O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Canadian Youth

Canadian schools introduced community service program in 1999 to engage youth in diverse communities of Canada. Many studies have identified the gap in understanding immigrant youths’ experience on mandatory community service but has yet to study immigrant youth’s experience. Therefore, this paper explores the experiences of young Nepalese Canadians aged 18- 24 who participated in mandatory community involvement for graduating from high schools in Ontario, Canada. The findings are based on qualitative data gathered from ten interviews with young Nepalese Canadians who went to Canadian high schools, and are currently living in the Greater Toronto area (GTA). The study provides a nuanced understanding of visible minority immigrant youth’s experiences of mandatory community service in high school. The findings suggest that participants experience the program as merely an obligatory requirement to graduate from high school rather than a platform for learning civic skills and engaging in diverse Canadian communities. In addition, this case study of Nepalese Canadian youth depicts how young Nepalese Canadians depend on informal sources, mainly peer-to-peer sharing, for engaging in community, and illustrates how they conceptualize what community involvement means to them. Finally, based on this study, we argue that amendment to this mandatory program is an urgent call for engaging visible minority immigrant youth civically and meaningfully in Canadian communities.

scholarly journals Greyfield redevelopment in the Greater Toronto area: strategies to overcome barriers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Infill Development ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Key Informant

In 2006, the introduction of the Places to Grow Act required municipalities to meet a 40% intensification target through infill development. This has transformed the development industry as many underutilized sites, such as Greyfields, are prime locations for mixed-use and densification. Although many developers have not harnessed the potential of Greyfield redevelopment as barriers exist, which has led to continued Greenfield development and urban sprawl. This paper, through a literature review, case study analysis, and key informant interviews, examines existing barriers to Greyfield redevelopment. Findings from the study were than applied to a Greyfield site that has immense opportunity for redevelopment. A preliminary site plan proposal and recommendations are presented to illustrate strategies that should be adopted to ensure successful redevelopment.

scholarly journals Greyfield redevelopment in the Greater Toronto area: strategies to overcome barriers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Infill Development ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Key Informant

In 2006, the introduction of the Places to Grow Act required municipalities to meet a 40% intensification target through infill development. This has transformed the development industry as many underutilized sites, such as Greyfields, are prime locations for mixed-use and densification. Although many developers have not harnessed the potential of Greyfield redevelopment as barriers exist, which has led to continued Greenfield development and urban sprawl. This paper, through a literature review, case study analysis, and key informant interviews, examines existing barriers to Greyfield redevelopment. Findings from the study were than applied to a Greyfield site that has immense opportunity for redevelopment. A preliminary site plan proposal and recommendations are presented to illustrate strategies that should be adopted to ensure successful redevelopment.

scholarly journals The role of parking pricing and parking availability on travel mode choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedmohsen Alavi ◽  
Raktim Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Travel Mode ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Travel Mode Choice ◽  
Willingness To Change ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Parking Pricing ◽  
The Impact

This research examines the impact of parking pricing and parking availability on potential travel mode substitution among current drivers, in four case study areas in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). It serves to evaluate opportunities to decrease private vehicle usage among the GTA’s workforce. More specifically, the objective of this study is to analyze whether and to what extent parking pricing and parking availability alter drivers’ willingness to change their mode of transportation. Results from ordered logit models demonstrated that a driver’s willingness to change their mode of transportation was statistically correlated with parking cost and parking availability. Parking availability also impacted the correlation between parking pricing and drivers' willingness to change their mode of transportation. The results from this MRP suggests that interventions focused on reducing driving for commuting purposes may focus on changing parking pricing, but depending on the availability of parking, the impacts of such policy/ program may be different.

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