Financial Implications of Male Circumcision Scale-Up for the Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Sub-Saharan African Community

This study set out to investigate the influence of male circumcision and other factors on sexually transmitted infections in Botswana. A syndromic approach, which diagnoses a sexually transmitted infection based on the presence of urethral discharge or genital ulcers rather than on laboratory tests, was used. The data were from the 2001 Botswana AIDS Impact Survey where a nationally representative, randomly selected sample of men and women aged 10–64 years were interviewed in both urban and rural areas. The sample selected for this study consisted of 216,480 men aged 15–64 years who had ever had sexual intercourse. The logistic regression technique was executed to examine the association between male circumcision and self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers, while controlling for all other independent variables in the analysis. The main finding of this study was that among men who are circumcised, the odds for self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers are significantly lower than for those men who are not circumcised in both urban and rural Botswana. The analysis also showed that the odds in favour of self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers, for men who drink alcohol, are twice as large as those for men who do not drink alcohol, controlling for all other independent variables in the analysis. Religion and ethnicity also came through as factors exerting a protective influence against self-reported symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. The conclusion is that while male circumcision appears to be significantly associated with the risk for self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers, it is man’s behaviour, irrespective of ethnicity or religious dictates, that continues to play a vital role in protection against self-reported symptoms of sexually transmitted infections in Botswana.

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Rapid Training and Implementation of the Pollock Technique, a Safe, Effective Newborn Circumcision Procedure, in a Low-Resource Setting

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x15589114 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 2333794X1558911

Author(s):

Noah Kojima ◽

Claire C. Bristow ◽

Neil Pollock ◽

Pierre Crouse ◽

Harry Theodore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Male Circumcision ◽

Adult Health ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Urogenital Infections ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Resource Setting ◽

Low Resource Setting ◽

Tract Infections

Male circumcision is highly protective against urinary tract infections, inflammatory conditions of the penis, sexually transmitted infections, and urogenital cancers. We aimed to reintroduce newborn male circumcision through the creation of a training program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti—an area with a considerable burden of preventable urogenital infections, sexually transmitted infections, and low circumcision rate—after an earlier study reported that a majority of Haitian medical providers were in need of and wanted newborn circumcision training. The program was conducted at the GHESKIO Health Centers, a large, non-governmental clinic offering comprehensive pediatric and adult health services. Two Haitian obstetricians and seven nurses learned circumcision procedures. On training completion, one of two obstetricians achieved surgical competence. Introduction of a newborn male circumcision training program was feasible, achieving an acceptable rate of procedural competency and high-quality services. Permanent resources now exist in Haiti to train additional providers to perform newborn male circumcisions.

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PREDICTORS OF MALE CIRCUMCISION AMONG MEN AGED 15–35 YEARS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932017000128 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 193-211

Author(s):

Kudzaishe Mangombe ◽

Ishumael Kalule-Sabiti

Keyword(s):

Hiv Prevention ◽

Male Circumcision ◽

Employment Status ◽

Scale Up ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Male Circumcision ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Health Organization

SummaryMedical male circumcision has been recommended by the World Health Organization as part of a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention. Zimbabwe is one of the fourteen sub-Saharan countries that embarked on the Medical Male Circumcision (MMC) programme. However, the country has not yet met male circumcision targets. This paper examines the predictors of male circumcision in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 784 men aged 15–35 years in Harare, Zimbabwe. Negative log-log logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of male circumcision. The main predictors of circumcision were age, employment status, ever tested for HIV, approval of HIV testing prior to circumcision, knowledge about male circumcision and attitudes towards male circumcision. By and large, participants had good knowledge about male circumcision and viewed HIV prevention with a reasonably positive attitude. The identification of these predictors can be used to scale up the demand for male circumcision in Zimbabwe.

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Female Genital Tract Secretions and Semen Impact the Development of Microbicides for the Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00932.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 325-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Betsy C. Herold ◽

Pedro M. Mesquita ◽

Rebecca P. Madan ◽

Marla J. Keller

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Prevention Of Hiv ◽

Female Genital

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Sexual Autonomy and Self-reported Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sub-saharan African Women in Sexual Unions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-639480/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Collins Adu ◽

Aliu Mohammed ◽

Eugene Budu ◽

James Boadu Frimpong ◽

Justice Kannor Tetteh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Study Data ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Women ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Sexual Autonomy ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health challenge worldwide. Despite the importance of sexual autonomy in the prevention and control of sexual and reproductive health disorders such as STIs, there are limited studies on the possible relationship between women’s sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study, therefore, examined the association between sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA.Methods Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 31 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2019 were analysed. A total of 234,310 women in sexual unions were included in the study. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression models and the results were presented as crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA was 5.8%. Approximately 83.0% of the women surveyed had sexual autonomy. Women who had no sexual autonomy were less likely to have self-reported STIs (cOR=0.52, CI: 0.46-0.54), compared to those who had sexual autonomy. Additionally, higher odds of self-reported STIs were found among women aged 25-29, compared to those aged 15-19 (aOR= 1.21, CI: 1.09-1.35); those who reside in urban areas, compared to those who reside in rural areas (aOR= 1.51, CI: 1.37-1.66) and those who were cohabiting, compared to those who were married (aOR= 1.65, CI: 1.52-1.79). On the other hand, lower odds of self-reported STIs were found among women who were exposed to newspapers (aOR= 0.89, CI: 0.82-0.95), those whose partners had primary education (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.78-0.91), those who were not exposed to radio (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.79-0.89), and working women (aOR= 0.86, CI: 0.80-0.93). Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that sexual autonomy is a significant predictor of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA. Thus, instituting policies and programs that empower women and improve their levels of sexual autonomy may result in increased self-reporting of symptoms associated with STIs which subsequently help in minimising STI-related complications. Also, policies aimed at enhancing women’s sexual autonomy may reduce the burden of STIs in SSA, especially among women in sexual unions.

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