scholarly journals Rapid Training and Implementation of the Pollock Technique, a Safe, Effective Newborn Circumcision Procedure, in a Low-Resource Setting

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1558911
Author(s):  
Noah Kojima ◽  
Claire C. Bristow ◽  
Neil Pollock ◽  
Pierre Crouse ◽  
Harry Theodore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Tract Infections

Male circumcision is highly protective against urinary tract infections, inflammatory conditions of the penis, sexually transmitted infections, and urogenital cancers. We aimed to reintroduce newborn male circumcision through the creation of a training program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti—an area with a considerable burden of preventable urogenital infections, sexually transmitted infections, and low circumcision rate—after an earlier study reported that a majority of Haitian medical providers were in need of and wanted newborn circumcision training. The program was conducted at the GHESKIO Health Centers, a large, non-governmental clinic offering comprehensive pediatric and adult health services. Two Haitian obstetricians and seven nurses learned circumcision procedures. On training completion, one of two obstetricians achieved surgical competence. Introduction of a newborn male circumcision training program was feasible, achieving an acceptable rate of procedural competency and high-quality services. Permanent resources now exist in Haiti to train additional providers to perform newborn male circumcisions.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a Point-of-Care Test (POCT) in a low resource setting with high rates of Chlamydia trachomatis urogenital infections in Fiji

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Dean ◽  
Sumeetha Swaminathan ◽  
Mike Kama ◽  
Sophie Goemans ◽  
Daniel Faktaufon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Health Organization

Rapid and precise detection of Chlamydia trachomatis—the leading global cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI)—at the point-of-care (POC) is required for treatment decisions to prevent transmission and sequelae including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, tubal-factor infertility and preterm birth. We developed a rapid POC test (POCT), termed LH-POCT, which uses Loop-mediated AMPlification (LAMP) of nucleic acids, and performed a head-to-head comparison with the Cepheid Xpert® CT/NG assay using clinician-collected de-identified paired vaginal samples from a parent study that consecutively enrolled symptomatic and asymptomatic females over age 18 years from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services Health Centers in Fiji. Samples were processed by the Xpert® CT/NG assay and LH-POCT, blinded to the comparator. Discrepant samples were resolved by qPCR. De-identified clinical data and tests for Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida and bacterial vaginosis (BV) were provided. There were a total of 353 samples from 327 females. C. trachomatis positivity was 16.7% (59/353) while the prevalence was 16.82% (55/327) after discrepant resolution. Seven discrepant samples resolved to: four false negatives, two false positives and one true positive for the LH-POCT. The sensitivity of the LH-POCT was 93.65% (95% CI: 84.53% to 98.24%) and specificity 99.31% (95% CI: 97.53% to 99.92%). Discrepant samples clustered among women with vaginal discharge and/or BV. The prototype LH-POCT workflow has excellent performance, meeting many World Health Organization ASSURED criteria for POC tests, including a sample-to-result time of 35 minutes. Our LH-POCT holds promise for improving clinical practice to prevent and control C. trachomatis STIs in diverse health care settings globally.

scholarly journals Awareness of RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in Kerala: a district level analysis based on DLHS-4

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
T. Radhakrishnan ◽  
A. Saravana ◽  
P. K. Babu
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
District Level ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Facility Survey ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Many of the reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STIs) are preventable and curable. Kerala is one of the highest literate states in India, but women in Kerala had very low knowledge in sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. The objective of the present study was to assess the level of awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in Kerala with inter district variations on awareness among women in RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS. Another objective of the study was to find out the association between socio economic characteristics and awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS.Methods: Data for the present analysis comes from the district level household and facility survey-3 2007-08 (DLHS-3) and district level household and facility survey-4 (DLHS-4), 2015–16. DLHS is a nationally representative household survey, primarily conducted to monitor and evaluate the implementation of reproductive and child health program across the districts of India. To assess the level of awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in Kerala with inter district variations on awareness among women in RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS data of DLHS-3 and DLHS-4 were used for analysis and to find out the association between socio economic characteristics and awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS, data of DLHS were used.Results: Only 48% of women in Kerala had heard of RTI/STI in Kerala, but 75.8% of the women had heard about HIV/AIDS. Knowledge on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in all the districts in Kerala had fallen from the DLHS-3 to DLHS-4.Conclusions: Decentralized field level interaction of health workers with IEC programs in both rural and urban areas regarding STIs/RTIs and HIV/AIDS should be strengthened along with effective mass media activities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Reproductive Tract Infections/Sexually Transmitted Infections among Rural Married Women – A Community Based Study Using Syndromic Approach

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Anita Punia ◽  
Jyoti Yadav ◽  
Babita ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Syndromic Approach ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs) and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major public health problem and affecting women's health. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of RTIs/STIs among married women aged 18-49 years in rural areas and to determine the factors associated with these conditions. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 308 eligible married women aged 18-49 years in rural areas in District Sonipat, Haryana using the WHO-Syndromic Approach for diagnosis of RTIs/STIs. Results: The mean age of study subjects in our study was 32.1 years (SD = ± 8.3 years) with a range from 18 to 49 years. The overall RTIs/STIs prevalence was 49.3%. The most frequent symptom was vaginal discharge (55.3%) followed by pain during micturition (34.2%), dyspareunia (26.9%), pain lower abdomen (24.3%) and vulval itching (16.4%). RTI/STI symptoms were found significantly more among women who had history of any chronic disease, who had irregular menstrual cycles, used cloths as sanitary pads and among those whose husbands were substance users. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence (49.3%) of RTIs/STIs. Awareness about symptoms of RTIs, menstrual and personnel hygiene, raising literacy level of women, drive against use of addictive substances etc. by husbands is needed for control and prevention of RTIs. Primary health care services in respect of reproductive health should be strengthened and raising awareness among women about reproductive health issues through suitable communication strategies in order to bring about a positive behavior change for effective control of STIs.

Reducing suspicion of sexual abuse in paediatric chlamydial conjunctivitis using ompA genotyping

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e238871
Author(s):  
Alexander Mitchell ◽  
Mitul Patel ◽  
Chloe Manning ◽  
Joseph Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Conjunctival Swab ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tract Infections

Chlamydia trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes urogenital tract infections, and ocular infections including trachoma, neonatal conjunctivitis and adult chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis. A positive C. trachomatis diagnosis in children often raises suspicions of sexual abuse. While outer membrane protein A (ompA) genotypes A–C are non-invasive and are associated with trachoma; ompA genotypes D–K are often associated with sexually transmitted urogenital infections or sexually acquired chlamydial conjunctivitis. A 10-year-old female presented with a 7-month history of unilateral conjunctivitis with itching, watering and hyperaemia. She had recently moved from an urban centre in Afghanistan to the UK. A conjunctival swab taken from the child tested positive for C. trachomatis. Application of ompA genotyping to conjunctival swab chlamydial DNA demonstrated that the C. trachomatis had an ompA genotype C. Chlamydial strains with this ompA genotype cause trachoma and have never previously been associated with urogenital infection. This result supported cessation of child protection investigations.

MALE CIRCUMCISION AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN BOTSWANA

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
TABITHA LANGENI
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urethral Discharge ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Genital Ulcers ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity

This study set out to investigate the influence of male circumcision and other factors on sexually transmitted infections in Botswana. A syndromic approach, which diagnoses a sexually transmitted infection based on the presence of urethral discharge or genital ulcers rather than on laboratory tests, was used. The data were from the 2001 Botswana AIDS Impact Survey where a nationally representative, randomly selected sample of men and women aged 10–64 years were interviewed in both urban and rural areas. The sample selected for this study consisted of 216,480 men aged 15–64 years who had ever had sexual intercourse. The logistic regression technique was executed to examine the association between male circumcision and self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers, while controlling for all other independent variables in the analysis. The main finding of this study was that among men who are circumcised, the odds for self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers are significantly lower than for those men who are not circumcised in both urban and rural Botswana. The analysis also showed that the odds in favour of self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers, for men who drink alcohol, are twice as large as those for men who do not drink alcohol, controlling for all other independent variables in the analysis. Religion and ethnicity also came through as factors exerting a protective influence against self-reported symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. The conclusion is that while male circumcision appears to be significantly associated with the risk for self-reported urethral discharge or genital ulcers, it is man’s behaviour, irrespective of ethnicity or religious dictates, that continues to play a vital role in protection against self-reported symptoms of sexually transmitted infections in Botswana.

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