Feasibility and Effect of Cervical Resistance Training on Head Kinematics in Youth Athletes

Background The aim of this study was to investigate if choice over resistance training exercise order affects motor performance and psychological outcomes among elite youth hockey players. Methods Seventeen elite hockey players (male, n = 14; female, n = 3, age: 15.1 ± 1.1 years) participated in this study. In the first session, individual optimum power loads were calculated in the back squat, jump squat, bench press and bench throw exercises. Then, in four counterbalanced sessions, participants completed three sets of six repetitions in the same exercises loaded with their optimum power loads. In two sessions, athletes used a self-selected order of exercises, while in other two sessions the order was predetermined. Power outputs were estimated with a linear position transducer. Fatigue and enjoyment were measured during and after the sessions using standardized questionnaires. Repeated measures analyses of variance and a paired-sample t-test were used to compare the effects between conditions. Results We observed trivial to small differences between conditions in power outputs (p ≥ 0.07; ES ≤ 0.21), fatigue (p ≥ 0.42; ES ≤ 0.33) and enjoyment (p = 0.72; ES = 0.05). Conclusion Given the comparable effects between approaches, both can be used when coaching youth athletes. Self-selecting the order of exercises based on preferences is a feasible and practical coaching option when working with youth athletes.

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Peer Review #3 of "A comparison between predetermined and self-selected approaches in resistance training: effects on power performance and psychological outcomes among elite youth athletes (v0.1)"

10.7287/peerj.10361v0.1/reviews/3 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Peer Review ◽

Psychological Outcomes ◽

Power Performance ◽

Training Effects ◽

Youth Athletes

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Physiological Adaptations following Resistance Training in Youth Athletes—A Narrative Review

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2016-0023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 501-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Kirsten Legerlotz ◽

Robert Marzilger ◽

Sebastian Bohm ◽

Adamantios Arampatzis

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Stimulus Response ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

Induced Changes

Purpose:To understand the mechanisms for the effects of resistance training on functional parameters, and to assess the injury risk of the involved tissues, it is necessary to examine the underlying morphological and structural changes of the respective tissues.Methods:The presented information on physiological adaptations have been deduced from cross-sectional studies comparing youth athletes with controls and children with adults as well as from longitudinal studies examining the effects of resistance training in untrained children and adolescents and in youth athletes.Results:The evidence indicates, that training induced changes in motor performance rely partly on enhanced neuromuscular control, and partly on morphological adaptation of muscles and tendons, such as changes in muscle, muscle fiber and tendon cross-sectional area, muscle composition, and tendon material properties, with the bone also adapting by increasing bone mineral content and cortical area.Conclusion:Although the training induced adaptations of the investigated tissues follows similar principles in children as in adults, the magnitude of the adaptive response appears to be more subtle. As studies investigating physiological adaptation in youth athletes are sparse, more research in this area is warranted to elucidate the specific physiological stimulus-response relationship necessary for effective training programs and injury prevention.

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The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3479

Author(s):

Niklas Westblad ◽

Henrik Petré ◽

Andreas Kårström ◽

Niklas Psilander ◽

Glenn Björklund

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Strength Training ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Load ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Running Performance ◽

Youth Athletes

Background: The effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) on youth are relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of autoregulated FRT with traditional strength training (TST) on jumping, running performance and resistance training load progression in youth athletes. Thirty youth athletes (11.8 ± 0.9 yr) were matched for peak height velocity (PHV) status and block-randomised into two groups: FRT (n = 15, PHV −0.8 ± 1.6) and TST (n = 15, PHV −0.8 ± 1.5). Twelve resistance training sessions over a six-week intervention with flywheel or barbell squats were performed using autoregulated load prescription. Squat jump (SJ); countermovement jump (CMJ); and 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprints were assessed pre- and post-intervention. The external load increased similarly for FRT and TST (z = 3.8, p = 0.06). SJ increased for both groups (p < 0.05) but running performance was unaffected (p > 0.05). Conclusions: FRT resulted in similar load progression and motor skill development in youth athletes as TST, but the perceived exertion was less. Autoregulation is a practical method for adjusting training load during FRT and should be considered as an alternative to autoregulated TST.

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