Age at the Time of Surgery and Maintenance of Head Size in Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis

The control of form or shape inheritance can be approached by studying the morphogenesis of bacterial viruses. Shape variants of bacteriophage T4 with altered protein shell (capsid) size and nucleic acid (DNA) content have been found by electron microscopy, and a mutant (E920g in gene 66) controlling head size has been described. This mutant produces short-headed particles which contain 2/3 the normal DNA content and which are non-viable when only one particle infects a cell (Fig. 1).We report here the isolation of a new mutant (191c) which also appears to be in gene 66 but at a site distinct from E920g. The most striking phenotype of the mutant is the production of about 10% of the phage yield as “giant” virus particles, from 3 to 8 times longer than normal phage (Fig. 2).

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Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis: Does Age at the Time of Surgery Affect Outcome?

Yearbook of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0739-5930(08)70421-5 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 247-248

Author(s):

J.L. Rombeau

Keyword(s):

Ileal Pouch ◽

Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis ◽

Time Of Surgery ◽

Anal Anastomosis

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EFFECT OF ENHANCEMENT OF HEAD BOUNDARY ON HEAD SIZE AND SHAPE

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.8.7.319-325 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SEYMOUR WAPNER

Keyword(s):

Head Size ◽

Size And Shape

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Ophthalmological findings in children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis: preoperatively and postoperatively up to 12 months after surgery

BMJ Open Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000677

Author(s):

Evangelia Ntoula ◽

Daniel Nowinski ◽

Gerd Holmstrom ◽

Eva Larsson

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cranial Sutures ◽

Sagittal Craniosynostosis ◽

Syndromic Craniosynostosis ◽

Disc Oedema ◽

Before And After ◽

Congenital Condition ◽

Skull Deformity

AimsCraniosynostosis is a congenital condition characterised by premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. The aim of this study was to analyse ophthalmic function before and after cranial surgery, in children with various types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis.MethodsChildren referred to Uppsala University Hospital for surgery of non-syndromic craniosynostosis were examined preoperatively. Visual acuity was measured with Preferential Looking tests or observation of fixation and following. Strabismus and eye motility were noted. Refraction was measured in cycloplegia and funduscopy was performed. Follow-up examinations were performed 6–12 months postoperatively at the children’s local hospitals.ResultsOne hundred twenty-two children with mean age 6.2 months were examined preoperatively. Refractive values were similar between the different subtypes of craniosynostosis, except for astigmatism anisometropia which was more common in unicoronal craniosynostosis. Strabismus was found in seven children, of which four had unicoronal craniosynostosis.Postoperatively, 113 children were examined, at mean age 15.9 months. The refractive values decreased, except for astigmatism and anisometropia in unicoronal craniosynostosis. Strabismus remained in unicoronal craniosynostosis. Two new cases with strabismus developed in unicoronal craniosynostosis and one in metopic, all operated with fronto-orbital techniques. No child had disc oedema or pale discs preoperatively or postoperatively.ConclusionOphthalmic dysfunctions were not frequent in children with sagittal craniosynostosis and preoperative ophthalmological evaluation may not be imperative. Children with unicoronal craniosynostosis had the highest prevalence of strabismus and anisometropia. Fronto-orbital techniques used to address skull deformity may be related to a higher prevalence of strabismus postoperatively.

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Artificial Neural Networks Applied to Prediction to Assess the Likelihood of Surgical Site Infection in Different Surgeries

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.639 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s129-s129

Author(s):

Flávio Souza ◽

Braulio Couto ◽

Felipe Leandro Andrade da Conceição ◽

Gabriel Henrique Silvestre da Silva ◽

Igor Gonçalves Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Plastic Surgery ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Site Infection ◽

Weight Decay ◽

Time Of Surgery ◽

Hospital Infection Control ◽

Duration Of Surgery ◽

Belo Horizonte

Background: Based on data obtained from hospitals in the city of Belo Horizonte (population ~3,000,000), we evaluated relevant factors such as death, age, duration of surgery, potential for contamination and surgical site infection, plastic surgery, and craniotomy. The possibility of predicting surgical site infection (SSI) was then analyzed using pattern recognition algorithms based on MLP (multilayer perceptron). Methods: Data were collected by the hospital infection control committees (CCIHs) in hospitals in Belo Horizonte between 2016 and 2018. The noisy records were filtered, and the occurrences were analyzed. Finally, the predictive power of SSI of 5 types MLP was evaluated experimentally: momentum, backpropagation standard, weight decay, resilient propagation, and quick propagation. The model used 3, 5, 7, and 10 neurons in the occult layer and with resamples varied the number of records for testing (65% and 75%) and for validation (35% and 25%). Comparisons were made by measuring the AUC (area under the curve (range, 0–1). Results: From 1,096 records of craniotomy, 289 were usable for analysis. Moreover, 16% died; averaged age was 56 years (range, 40–65); mean time of surgery was 186 minutes (range, 95–250 minutes); the number of hospitalizations ranged from 1 (90.6%) to 8 (0.3%). Contamination among these cases was rated as follows: 2.7% contaminated, 23.5% potentially contaminated, 72.3% clean. The SSI rate reached 4%. The prediction process in AUCs ranged from 0.7 to 0.994. In plastic surgery, from 3,693 records, 1,099 were intact, with only 1 case of SSI and no deaths. The average age for plastic surgery was 41 years (range, 16–91); the average time of surgery was 218.5 minutes (range, 19–580 minutes); the number of hospitalizations ranged from 1 (77.4%) to 6 times (0.001%). Contamination among these cases was rated as follows: 27.90% potential contamination, 1.67% contaminated, and 0.84% infected. The prediction process ranged in AUCs from 0.2 to 0.4. Conclusions: We identified a high noise index in both surgeries due to subjectivity at the time of data collection. The profiles of each surgery in the statistical analyses were different, which was reflected in the analyzed structures. The MLP for craniotomy surgery demonstrated relevant predictive power and can guide intelligent monitoring software (available in www.sacihweb.com). However, for plastic surgeries, MLPs need more SSI samples to optimize outcomes. To optimize data collection and to enable other hospitals to use the SSI prediction tool, a mobile application was developed.Disclosures: NoneFunding: None

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Mortality among individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in utero: 1950–2012

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-020-00713-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiromi Sugiyama ◽

Munechika Misumi ◽

Ritsu Sakata ◽

Alina V. Brenner ◽

Mai Utada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

In Utero ◽

Head Size ◽

Solid Cancer ◽

Mortality Risks ◽

Survival Status ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality

AbstractWe examined the mortality risks among 2463 individuals who were exposed in utero to atomic bomb radiation in Hiroshima or Nagasaki in August 1945 and were followed from October 1950 through 2012. Individual estimates of mother’s weighted absorbed uterine dose (DS02R1) were used. Poisson regression method was used to estimate the radiation-associated excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cause-specific mortality. Head size, birth weight, and parents’ survival status were evaluated as potential mediators of radiation effect. There were 339 deaths (216 males and 123 females) including deaths from solid cancer (n = 137), lymphohematopoietic cancer (n = 8), noncancer disease (n = 134), external cause (n = 56), and unknown cause (n = 4). Among males, the unadjusted ERR/Gy (95% CI) was increased for noncancer disease mortality (1.22, 0.10–3.14), but not for solid cancer mortality (− 0.18, < − 0.77–0.95); the unadjusted ERR/Gy for external cause mortality was not statistically significant (0.28, < − 0.60–2.36). Among females, the unadjusted ERRs/Gy were increased for solid cancer (2.24, 0.44–5.58), noncancer (2.86, 0.56–7.64), and external cause mortality (2.57, 0.20–9.19). The ERRs/Gy adjusted for potential mediators did not change appreciably for solid cancer mortality, but decreased notably for noncancer mortality (0.39, < − 0.43–1.91 for males; 1.48, − 0.046–4.55 for females) and external cause mortality (0.10, < − 0.57–1.96 for males; 1.38, < − 0.46–5.95 for females). In conclusion, antenatal radiation exposure is a consistent risk factor for increased solid cancer mortality among females, but not among males. The effect of exposure to atomic bomb radiation on noncancer disease and external cause mortality among individuals exposed in utero was mediated through small head size, low birth weight, and parental loss.

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P1-264: Head size and dementia in 85-year-olds. Interaction with white matter lesions

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.641 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. S173-S174

Author(s):

Ingmar Skoog ◽

Kaj Blennow ◽

Bo Palmertz ◽

Sterling C. Johnson ◽

Erin D. Bigler

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Head Size

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Cartilage Damage Determines Intermediate Outcome in the Late Multiple Ligament and Posterolateral Corner-Reconstructed Knee

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546507311091 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 267-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kristoff Corten ◽

Johan Bellemans

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcome ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Case Series ◽

Posterolateral Corner ◽

Reliable Technique ◽

Sling Procedure ◽

Time Of Surgery ◽

Functional Scores ◽

Reconstructed Knee

Background Patients with chronic ruptures of 1 or both cruciate ligaments in combination with posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee often have some degree of cartilage damage at the time of surgery. Hypothesis Chondrosis at the time of reconstruction does not influence early and intermediate functional outcome of the multiple ligament reconstructed knee. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Twenty-one patients were available from an original 27 treated between 1995 and 2000. All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by physical examination and by applying 4 different knee rating scores. All patients were assessed at a mean follow-up of 39 months (range, 14–75 months) and 87 months (range, 62–123 months). Results At the first follow-up, all knee rating scores had improved significantly ( P < .0003) compared with preoperatively; 84% of the reconstructed knees had normal to nearly normal laxities according to the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 score. At the second follow-up, the functional scores remained significantly ( P < .0089) better than preoperatively. Patients with chondrosis at the time of surgery did not have significantly different knee rating scores at the first follow-up compared with patients without cartilage damage. Four years later, the results in the chondrosis group were significantly worse ( P < .05) for all knee rating scores compared with the patients without chondrosis. The results in 3 of 4 knee rating scores declined significantly in the chondrosis group over the 48-month interval between follow-up sessions. In the Tegner and Lysholm score, the results deteriorated to the preoperative level. Patients with different cruciate ligament reconstructions did not have significantly different knee rating scores. Conclusion The posterolateral sling procedure is a stable and reliable technique for posterolateral corner reconstruction. The presence of chondrosis at the time of surgery is an important prognosticator of functional outcome at intermediate follow-up.

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