Hyaluronic Acid Embolism Treated with Subcutaneous High and Low Hyaluronidase Doses: Efficacy and Surrounding Tissue Effect

GBR (guided bone regeneration) is a standard procedure for building up bony defects in the jaw. In this procedure, resorbable membranes made of bovine and porcine collagen are increasingly being used, which, in addition to many possible advantages, could have the potential disadvantage of a shorter barrier functionality, especially when augmenting large-volume defects. Thus, it is of importance to evaluate the integration behavior and especially the standing time of barrier membranes using specialized methods to predict its respective biocompatibility. This study is intended to establish a new histomorphometrical analysis method to quantify the integration rate of collagen-based barrier membranes. Three commercially available barrier membranes, i.e., non-crosslinked membranes (BioGide® and Jason® membrane), a ribose-crosslinked membrane (Ossix® Plus), and a newly developed collagen–hyaluronic acid-based (Coll-HA) barrier membrane were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 48 6–8-week-old Wistar rats. The explants, after three timepoints (10, 30, and 60 days), were processed and prepared into histological sections for histopathological (host tissue response) and histomorphometrical (cellular invasion) analyses. 10 days after implantation, fragmentation was not evident in any of the study groups. The sections of the Coll-HA, Jason® and BioGide® membranes showed a similar mild inflammatory reaction within the surrounding tissue and an initial superficial cell immigration. Only in the Ossix® Plus group very little inflammation and no cell invasion was detected. While the results of the three commercially available membranes remained intact in the further course of the study, only fragments of the Coll-HA membrane were found 30 and 60 days after implantation. Histomorphometrically, it can be described that although initially (at 10 days post-implantation) similar results were found in all study groups, after 30 days post-implantation the cellular penetration depth of the hyaluronic acid-collagen membrane was significantly increased with time (**** p < 0.0001). Similarly, the percentage of cellular invasion per membrane thickness was also significantly higher in the Coll-HA group at all timepoints, compared to the other membranes (**** p < 0.0001). Altogether, these results show that the histomorphometrical analysis of the cellular migration can act as an indicator of integration and duration of barrier functionality. Via this approach, it was possible to semi-quantify the different levels of cellular penetration of GBR membranes that were only qualitatively analyzed through histopathological approaches before. Additionally, the results of the histopathological and histomorphometrical analyses revealed that hyaluronic acid addition to collagen does not lead to a prolonged standing time, but an increased integration of a collagen-based biomaterial. Therefore, it can only partially be used in the dental field for indications that require fast resorbed membranes and a fast cell or tissue influx such as periodontal regeneration processes.

Download Full-text

Aortic glycosaminoglycans in atheroma and alloxan diabetes

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o68-036 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 249-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Tokuro Ichida ◽

Norman Kalant

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Sialic Acid ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Dermatan Sulfate ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

High Fat ◽

Fractional Rate ◽

Chondroitin Sulfates

(1) Rabbits and rats were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet to produce lipid deposition in the wall of the aorta. The intima and inner media were examined for their content of lipids, protein-bound carbohydrates, and individual glycosaminoglycans. In addition, the rate of uptake of 35S from sulfate into the sulfated glycosaminoglycans was measured in some animals.(2) In the rat, lipid accumulation was minimal; there were increases in the protein-bound hexosamine and sialic acid and decreases in all the glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and dermatan sulfate).(3) In the rabbit, lipid accumulation was marked in the normal appearing tissue and still greater in the "fatty streaks". There were associated increases in protein-bound hexosamine and hexose and, in the fatty streaks, of sialic acid also. The concentrations of all sulfated glycosaminoglycans were higher in the fatty streaks than in the surrounding tissue.(4) In the rat, the rate of synthesis of chondroitin sulfates, as reflected in sulfate-35S incorporation, was not increased, but the turnover of chondroitin sulfates as reflected in the fractional rate of 35S incorporation was increased; this is taken as evidence that the fall in concentration was due to an increase in the rate of removal. In the rabbit, both synthesis and turnover of chondroitin sulfates were greatly increased in the fatty streaks; the change in synthesis was greater and led to the increase in the concentrations of these substances.(5) The concentration of hyaluronic acid was increased in the aortae of alloxan diabetic animals. Sulfate incorporation was reduced, indicating decreased synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Despite this, the aortae of diabetic animals had virtually the same composition (except for hyaluronic acid) as those of non-diabetics given the same diet.

Download Full-text

Reduction of neural adhesions by biodegradable autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid gel after injury of peripheral nerves: an experimental study

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2004.101.4.0648 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 648-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Xander Smit ◽

Johan W. van Neck ◽

Andrew Afoke ◽

Steven E. R. Hovius

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Adhesion Formation ◽

Peak Force ◽

Crush Injury ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Content Type ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Acid Gel ◽

Nerve Surgery ◽

Fine Print

Object. Adhesion formation is a serious problem in peripheral nerve surgery, frequently causing dysfunction and pain. The authors aimed to develop an objective biomechanical method of quantifying nerve adhesions and to use this technique for the evaluation of the efficacy of an autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel as an antiadhesion therapy. Methods. Thirty-three female Wistar rats underwent dissection, crush injury, or transection plus repair of the sciatic nerve. The nerves were or were not treated with the HA gel. Six weeks after surgery, the adhesions formed were assessed by measuring the peak force required to break the adhesions over a standardized area. Results of biomechanical measurements demonstrated that the peak force significantly increased as the severity of the injury increased. After using the HA gel to treat the nerve, the peak force was significantly reduced in rats with any of the three types of injuries; peak force decreased by 26% in the animals in the dissection group, 29% in the crush injury group, and 38% in the transection and repair group, compared with the untreated animals. Conclusions. The biomechanical method described is an objective, quantitative technique for the assessment of nerve adherence to surrounding tissue. It will be a valuable tool in future studies on antiadhesion therapies. Furthermore, HA gel significantly reduces nerve adhesions after different types of nerve injuries.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Hard Tissue Formation in Two Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Treated with Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.961 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 284-286 ◽

pp. 961-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Norimasa Tsuji ◽

Masataka Yoshikawa ◽

Tadao Toda ◽

Hiroko Machida ◽

Hajime Ohgushi

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Sodium Salt ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Marrow Cell ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Tissue Formation ◽

Hard Tissue ◽

Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽

Acid Sodium Salt

The purpose of this study was to estimate hard tissue formation in two types of porous columnar hydroxyapatite (HA) in order to use as a scaffold for regeneration of dentine-pulp complex. Hard tissue formation in the columnar HA scaffold with a hollow center was compared to that in the columnar HA scaffold without a hollow center. The scaffolds were immersed in hyaluronic acid sodium salt solution and were soaked in bone marrow cell suspension. They were respectively implanted into dorsal subcutis of rats for 4 weeks. Serially sectioned paraffin specimens were made and observed histologically. The scaffolds with a hollow center showed new hard tissue formation in many pores between the superficies and the wall of hollow. On the other hand, in the scaffolds without a hollow center, hard tissue formation was observed in only a few pores in the area near the external superficies. The results of this study suggested that the supply of nutrition and bioactive substance from the surrounding tissue were indispensable for differentiation of bone marrow cells and formation of new hard tissue in scaffold. A large contact area of a scaffold to the surrounding tissue may contribute to nutrition supply into the pores.

Download Full-text

Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081292 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 86-87

Author(s):

Adrian F. van Dellen

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Organ System ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Specific Determination ◽

High Degree ◽

Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

Download Full-text

Some quantitative applications of vascular corrosion casting

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124094 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 738-739

Author(s):

Fred E. Hossler

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Nuclear Orientation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Corrosion Casting ◽

Venous Valve ◽

Casting Technique ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Quantitative Measurements

Preparation of replicas of the complex arrangement of blood vessels in various organs and tissues has been accomplished by infusing low viscosity resins into the vasculature. Subsequent removal of the surrounding tissue by maceration leaves a model of the intricate three-dimensional anatomy of the blood vessels of the tissue not obtainable by any other procedure. When applied with care, the vascular corrosion casting technique can reveal fine details of the microvasculature including endothelial nuclear orientation and distribution (Fig. 1), locations of arteriolar sphincters (Fig. 2), venous valve anatomy (Fig. 3), and vessel size, density, and branching patterns. Because casts faithfully replicate tissue vasculature, they can be used for quantitative measurements of that vasculature. The purpose of this report is to summarize and highlight some quantitative applications of vascular corrosion casting. In each example, casts were prepared by infusing Mercox, a methyl-methacrylate resin, and macerating the tissue with 20% KOH. Casts were either mounted for conventional scanning electron microscopy, or sliced for viewing with a confocal laser microscope.

Download Full-text

Hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations in perimetastatic areas

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166300 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 768-769

Author(s):

H. J. Finol ◽

M. E. Correa ◽

L.A. Sosa ◽

A. Márquez ◽

N.L. Díaz

Keyword(s):

Malignant Tumor ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Pancreas Carcinoma ◽

Duct Carcinoma ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Primary Malignant Tumor ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Remote Sites

In classical oncological literature two mechanisms for tissue aggression in patients with cancer have been described. The first is the progressive invasion, infiltration and destruction of tissues surrounding primary malignant tumor or their metastases; the other includes alterations produced in remote sites that are not directly affected by any focus of disease, the so called paraneoplastic phenomenon. The non-invaded tissue which surrounds a primary malignant tumor or its metastases has been usually considered a normal tissue . In this work we describe the ultrastructural changes observed in hepatocytes located next to metastases from diverse malignant tumors.Hepatic biopsies were obtained surgically in patients with different malignant tumors which metatastized in liver. Biopsies included tumor mass, the zone of macroscopic contact between the tumor and the surrounding tissue, and the tissue adjacent to the tumor but outside the macroscopic area of infiltration. The patients (n = 5), 36–75 years old, presented different tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, pancreas carcinoma, biliar duct carcinoma and colon carcinoma. Tissue samples were processed with routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy and observed in a Hitachi H-500 electron microscope.

Download Full-text