The Accurate Segmental Motor Innervation of the Skeletal Muscles of the Lower Extremity in Human Beings

2013 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Hao-dong Lin ◽  
Bei Ma ◽  
Ai-min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Motor Innervation

Accurate segmental motor innervation of human lower-extremity skeletal muscles

2014 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Hao-dong Lin ◽  
Ai-min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Motor Innervation

scholarly journals COELENTERATE TOXINS, ITS PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
SIMRAN SHARMA ◽  
RAVI KANT UPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Venom Toxin ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Diverse Biological Activity

Present review article emphasizes species specific coelenterate toxins, its pharmaceutical and therapeutic effects. Most of the coelenterates inflict venom accidently by using nematocysts found on arms. These animals very quickly do massive and multiple inflictions of venom which causes cardiotoxicity that leads to the death of human beings. Coelenterate venom toxin groups differ in their composition and show diverse biological activity i.e. cytolytic or neurotoxic, hemolytic, anti-parasitic activity, α-amylase inhibitor activity, and analgesic activity anti-cancerous and antitumor activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Coelenterate venom initiates toxic and immunological reactions exert their effects by modifying the properties of the ion channels involved in action potential generation in nerve, heart, and skeletal muscles. This article suggests available information, on coelenterate toxins could be used to develop potential therapeutic interventions for various human diseases and disorders.

Hyaluronan in human skeletal muscle of lower extremity: concentration, distribution, and effect of exercise

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2493-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Piehl-Aulin ◽  
C. Laurent ◽  
A. Engstrom-Laurent ◽  
S. Hellstrom ◽  
J. Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Anterior Tibial ◽  
Femoris Muscle

The concentration and localization of hyaluronan (HYA) were determined in biopsy specimens from resting human quadriceps femoris and anterior tibial muscles. The influence of physical exercise on HYA concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle and in blood was also evaluated. A sensitive radioassay was used for the quantification of HYA. The distribution of the glycosaminoglycan was demonstrated using a histochemical method that involved microwave-aided fixation and an HYA-binding protein. At rest, the muscle HYA concentration was 34.9 +/- 23.6 (SD) micrograms/g muscle wet wt with a large interindividual variation. Exercise had no significant effect on the muscle HYA concentration. The serum HYA concentration increased from 35.9 +/- 22.7 to 53.4 +/- 57.1 micrograms/l during exercise, but 30 min after the exercise the HYA concentration was significantly lower (19.1 +/- 6.3 micrograms/l) than the initial preexercise value. In resting skeletal muscles of the lower extremity, HYA was heterogeneously distributed in the perimysium and endomysium. Perivascular and perineural connective tissues were distinctly HYA positive.

scholarly journals Modeling and Controller Design for Pneumatic Artificial Muscle for Ankle-Foot Orthotic Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6379-6383
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Pneumatic Artificial Muscle ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscles

In the present era Electric motors are most commonly used actuators for various robotic and bio-robotic applications. However, the functioning of electric motor is not similar to human skeletal muscles. Also, the electric motors are prone to harm human beings in case of failure. Hence, the present work has focused on exploring a bio-inspired actuator, which functions similar to human skeletal muscles and is safe for human beings. The literature review has revealed that such an actuator is pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). In the present work the researchers have focused on developing an efficient model and control strategy for PAM in order to use it for biorobotic applications. An experimental setup has been prepared to analyze the behavior of PAM for different speeds of operation and different loading conditions during inflation/ deflation. Based on the experimental datasets an experimental model of PAM and Proportional Pressure Regulator (PPR) has been developed using polynomial curve fitting tool of MATLAB. Then a switched mode feedback PID control strategy has been developed for PAM which takes care for the hysteresis behavior of PAM. The control strategy has been simulated to achieve the trajectory angle tracking of ankle joint during the complete gait cycle. The simulation of the proposed control strategy with the developed model has shown that the proposed approach works fairly well and the error in the ankle joint movement could be limited in the range of -0.8° to 0.6° for the complete gait cycle. The result obtained in the present study is similar to the results as reported in the literature. However, this could be achieved with less system complexity using simpler modeling technique and “switched mode feedback PID controller”, which has not been reported by any researcher till date

The Design of Lower Extremity Exoskeleton of Power Assist Robot

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 618-621
Author(s):  
Lei Yan ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yan Bei Li ◽  
Jin Hao Liu ◽  
Fan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mechanical Structure ◽  
Forestry Production

Extremity exoskeleton of power assist robot can help people support the load and enhance the durability of bearing the load. This paper mainly introduces the mechanical structure about extremity exoskeleton of power assist robot that is used in the forest. The environment of the forest is complex, and the forestry production is always done by human beings. The work is very heavy, so we want to develop a kind of device to help them. If this device can be promoted to forestry production, it will greatly improve the production efficiency. This device represents the most cutting-edge technology in the field, doesn’t delay the reaction of body movement by the sensors on its body, and is more powerful.

Distribution of c-protein isoforms in sarcomeres of developing chick skeletal muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
D. A. Fischman ◽  
J. E. Dennis ◽  
T. Obinata ◽  
H. Takano-Ohmuro
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Thick Filament ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Sarcomeric Protein ◽  
Thick Filaments ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
Bridge Bearing

C-protein is a 150 kDa protein found within the A bands of all vertebrate cross-striated muscles. By immunoelectron microscopy, it has been demonstrated that C-protein is distributed along a series of 7-9 transverse stripes in the medial, cross-bridge bearing zone of each A band. This zone is now termed the C-zone of the sarcomere. Interest in this protein has been sparked by its striking distribution in the sarcomere: the transverse repeat between C-protein stripes is 43 nm, almost exactly 3 times the 14.3 nm axial repeat of myosin cross-bridges along the thick filaments. The precise packing of C-protein in the thick filament is still unknown. It is the only sarcomeric protein which binds to both myosin and actin, and the actin-binding is Ca-sensitive. In cardiac and slow, but not fast, skeletal muscles C-protein is phosphorylated. Amino acid composition suggests a protein of little or no αhelical content. Variant forms (isoforms) of C-protein have been identified in cardiac, slow and embryonic muscles.

The effect of ionophore A23178 on the α-actinin crosslinks in the z-band of frog skeletal muscle: An EM study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
F.T. Llados ◽  
V. Krlho ◽  
G.D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ach Release ◽  
Sustained Action ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Intense Stimulation

It Is known that Ca++ enters the muscle fiber at the junctional area during the action of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). Pappas and Rose demonstrated that following Intense stimulation, calcium deposits are found In the postsynaptic muscle membrane, Indicating the existence of calcium uptake In the postsynaptic area following ACh release. In addition to this calcium uptake, when mammal Ian skeletal muscles are exposed to a sustained action of the neurotransmitter, muscle damage develops. These same effects, l.e., Increased transmitter release, calcium uptake and finally muscle damage, can be obtained by Incubating the muscle with lonophore A23178.

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