scholarly journals β-Catenin stabilization in skeletal muscles, but not in motor neurons, leads to aberrant motor innervation of the muscle during neuromuscular development in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 366 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Liu ◽  
Yoshie Sugiura ◽  
Fenfen Wu ◽  
Wentao Mi ◽  
Makoto M. Taketo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Motor Innervation ◽  
Neuromuscular Development

scholarly journals Rules of tissue packing involving different cell types: human muscle organization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sanchez-Gutierrez ◽  
Aurora Saez ◽  
Carmen Paradas ◽  
Luis M. Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Mathematical Concepts

Natural packed tissues are assembled as tessellations of polygonal cells that do not leave empty spaces between them. They include the epithelial sheets and the skeletal muscles. Epithelia are formed by equivalent cells that change shape and organization through development. The skeletal muscles appear as a mosaic composed by two different types of cells: the slow and fast fibres that are determined by the identities of the motor neurons that innervate them. Their relative distribution is important for the muscle function and can be altered in some neuromuscular diseases. Little is known about how the spatial organization of fast and slow fibres is established and maintained. In this work we use computerized image analysis and mathematical concepts to capture the organizational pattern in two different healthy muscles: biceps brachii and quadriceps. Here we show that each type of muscle portrays a characteristic topological pattern that allows distinguishing between them. The biceps brachii muscle presents a particular arrange based on the different size of slow and fast fibres, contrary to the quadriceps muscle where an unbiased distribution exists. Our results indicate that the relative size of each cellular type imposes an intrinsic organization into the tissue. These findings establish a new framework for the analysis of packed tissues where two or more cell types exist.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sensory and Motor Innervation Between the Acupoints LR3 and LR8 in the Rat With Regional Anatomy and Neural Tract Tracing

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Xu ◽  
Ling Zou ◽  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Jieying Liao ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Motor Innervation ◽  
Tract Tracing ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Regional Anatomy ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Gracile Nucleus ◽  
Cholera Toxin Subunit B ◽  
Spinal Segments

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the sensory and motor innervation of “Taichong” (LR3) and “Ququan” (LR8) in the rat and provide an insight into the neural relationship between the different acupoints in the same meridian.MethodsThe LR3 and LR8 were selected as the representative acupoints from the Liver Meridian and examined by using the techniques of regional anatomy and neural tract tracing in this study. For both acupoints, their local nerves were observed with regional anatomy, and their sensory and motor pathways were traced using neural tract tracing with single cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and dual Alexa Fluor 594/488 conjugates with CTB (AF594/488-CTB).ResultsUsing the regional anatomy, the branches of the deep peroneal nerve and saphenous nerve were separately found under the LR3 and LR8. Using single CTB, the sensory neurons, transganglionic axon terminals, and motor neurons associated with both LR3 and LR8 were demonstrated on the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal dorsal horn, Clarke’s nucleus, gracile nucleus, and spinal ventral horn corresponding to their own spinal segments and target regions, respectively. Using dual AF594/488-CTB tracing, it was shown that the sensory and motor neurons associated with LR3 were separated from that of LR8.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that LR3 and LR8 are innervated by different peripheral nerves, which originated from or terminated in their corresponding spinal segments and target regions independently through the sensory and motor pathways. These results provide an example for understanding the differential innervation between the different acupoints in the same meridian.

Accurate segmental motor innervation of human lower-extremity skeletal muscles

2014 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Hao-dong Lin ◽  
Ai-min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Motor Innervation

Peripheral nerve injury causes transient expression of MHC class I antigens in rat motor neurons and skeletal muscles

1989 ◽  
Vol 481 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maehlen ◽  
I. Nennesmo ◽  
A.-B. Olsson ◽  
T. Olsson ◽  
H. Daa Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Class I ◽  
Mhc Class I Antigens ◽  
Injury Causes

scholarly journals Evaluation of the force applied by the adductor muscles in a healthy student population performing an adduction task

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cruz ◽  
Deolinda Rasteiro ◽  
Filipe Carvalho ◽  
Jorge Lains ◽  
Luis Roseiro
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Lower Limb Injuries ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Student Community ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background The adduction and abduction movement (closing and open the legs) are important tasks in daily activities. The evaluation and monitor of the force exerted by the adductor muscles can be used as a rehabilitation progress indicator, particularly in people with injuries in the central nervous system or motor neurons. The development of biomechanical devices to quantify and identify patterns in this type of force with healthy people can be a contribution in this domain. This work, approved by the Ethical Committee of IPC, aims to evaluate the force applied by the adductor muscles from a healthy group of students, performing the closing legs task. Methods The study was carried out at Applied Biomechanics Laboratory of IPC, with a group of 32 healthy volunteers from the student community (19-26 yo), half men - half women, without lower limb injuries, 59,38% with a prevalence of sedentary lifestyle. Volunteers, sitting in a comfortable position, press a biomechanical device placed between the legs. The time-force was registered for four discrete open-leg positions. Results The maximum mean forces were 199N in women and 257N in men, both in the shorter range of the open-leg position. The peak of force decreases with open leg distance for both genders and was achieved between 34%–54% of the performance time ([3, 28] seconds). Moderate correlations were identified between forces applied and skeletal muscles and resting metabolism. Conclusion The time-force applied was identified and registered with a developed biomechanical device. Obtained values are reliable and can be a support for future investigations.

scholarly journals An Approach to Maximize Retrograde Transport Based on the Spatial Distribution of Motor Endplates in Mouse Hindlimb Muscles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyi Xu ◽  
Ang Xuan ◽  
Zhang Liu ◽  
Yusha Li ◽  
Jingtan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Current Injection ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Motor Neuron Diseases ◽  
Injection Strategy

Knowledge regarding the relationship between muscles and the corresponding motor neurons would allow therapeutic genes to transport into specific spinal cord segments. Retrograde tracing technique by targeting the motor endplate (MEP), a highly specialized structure that offers direct access to the spinal motor neurons, has been used to elucidate the connectivity between skeletal muscles and the innervating motor neuron pools. However, current injection strategies mainly based on blind injection or the local MEP region might lead to an underestimation of the motor neuron number due to the uneven distribution of MEP in skeletal muscles. In this work, we proposed a novel intramuscular injection strategy based on the 3D distribution of the MEPs in skeletal muscles, applied the 3D intramuscular injection to the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior for retrograde tracing of the corresponding motor neurons, and compared this with the existing injection strategy. The intramuscular diffusion of the tracer demonstrated that 3D injection could maximize the retrograde transport by ensuring a greater uptake of the tracer by the MEP region. In combination with optical clearing and imaging, we performed 3D mapping and quantification of the labeled motor neurons and confirmed that 3D injection could label more motor neurons than the current injection method. It is expected that 3D intramuscular injection strategy will help elucidate the connective relationship between muscles and motor neurons faithfully and becomes a promising tool in the development of gene therapy strategies for motor neuron diseases.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle in ALS: An Unappreciated Therapeutic Opportunity?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Silvia Scaricamazza ◽  
Illari Salvatori ◽  
Alberto Ferri ◽  
Cristiana Valle
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and by the progressive weakness and paralysis of voluntary muscles. Despite intense research efforts and numerous clinical trials, it is still an incurable disease. ALS had long been considered a pure motor neuron disease; however, recent studies have shown that motor neuron protection is not sufficient to prevent the course of the disease since the dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions occurs before motor neuron degeneration. Skeletal muscle alterations have been described in the early stages of the disease, and they seem to be mainly involved in the “dying back” phenomenon of motor neurons and metabolic dysfunctions. In recent years, skeletal muscles have been considered crucial not only for the etiology of ALS but also for its treatment. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that targeted skeletal muscles and discuss the different approaches, including pharmacological interventions, supplements or diets, genetic modifications, and training programs.

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