scholarly journals Habitat stability affects dispersal and the ability to track climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hof ◽  
Martin Brändle ◽  
D. Matthias Dehling ◽  
Mariana Munguía ◽  
Roland Brandl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Habitat Persistence ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope Models ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope

Habitat persistence should influence dispersal ability, selecting for stronger dispersal in habitats of lower temporal stability. As standing (lentic) freshwater habitats are on average less persistent over time than running (lotic) habitats, lentic species should show higher dispersal abilities than lotic species. Assuming that climate is an important determinant of species distributions, we hypothesize that lentic species should have distributions that are closer to equilibrium with current climate, and should more rapidly track climatic changes. We tested these hypotheses using datasets from 1988 and 2006 containing all European dragon- and damselfly species. Bioclimatic envelope models showed that lentic species were closer to climatic equilibrium than lotic species. Furthermore, the models over-predicted lotic species ranges more strongly than lentic species ranges, indicating that lentic species track climatic changes more rapidly than lotic species. These results are consistent with the proposed hypothesis that habitat persistence affects the evolution of dispersal.

scholarly journals Host–parasitoid evolution in a metacommunity

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1831) ◽  
pp. 20160477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denon Start ◽  
Benjamin Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Selection Gradient ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Phenotypic Shift

Patch size and isolation are predicted to alter both species diversity and evolution; yet, there are few empirical examples of eco-evolutionary feedback in metacommunities. We tested three hypotheses about eco-evolutionary feedback in a gall-forming fly, Eurosta solidaginis and two of its natural enemies that select for opposite traits: (i) specialization and poor dispersal ability constrain a subset of natural enemies from occupying small and isolated patches, (ii) this constraint alters selection on the gall fly, causing phenotypic shifts towards traits resistant to generalist and dispersive enemies in small and isolated patches, and (iii) reduced dispersal evolves in small, isolated populations. We sampled patches in a natural metacommunity and found support for all hypotheses; Eurosta 's specialist wasp parasitoid attacked fewer galls in small and isolated patches, generating a selection gradient that favoured small galls resistant to predation by a dispersive and generalist bird predator. Phenotype distributions matched this selection gradient, and these phenotypic differences were maintained in a common garden experiment. Finally, we found lower dispersal abilities in small and isolated patches, a phenotypic shift that aids in the maintenance of local adaptation. We suggest that the trophic rank and the species traits of consumers are central to evolution in metacommunities.

The evolution of dispersal traits based on diaspore features in South American populations of Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Dematteis ◽  
María S. Ferrucci ◽  
Juan P. Coulleri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
South American ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Populations

Plant invasion success is influenced by several driving factors such as the dispersal, environmental conditions and the species characteristics. In wind dispersed plants, the dispersal traits and the altitude are key for predicting dispersal ability. In this work, we estimated this feature in Senecio madagascariensis invasive populations from Argentina and Brazil using diaspore traits to understand its dynamics. Our results show that dispersal is strongly affected by the geographic conditions. We observed that in Argentinian populations growing at higher altitudes, selection favours larger seeds, which might favour seedling establishment over of longer dispersal distance. Conversely, populations grouped in lower altitudes show higher dispersal ability, probably due to the adaptation to environment and assortment of the better dispersal genotypes. In contrast, the Brazilian populations display rapid dispersal ability due to recent colonisation and multiple introductions. The variability in the gene pool could facilitate the occurrence of genotypes with greater dispersal, which could explain why these populations display greater dispersal ability than the Argentine ones. In conclusion, the phenotypic response to geographic conditions and the population density play an important role in the dispersion strategies in S. madagascariensis.

scholarly journals Diversification and the evolution of dispersal ability in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1675-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Willis ◽  
J. C. Hall ◽  
R. Rubio de Casas ◽  
T. Y. Wang ◽  
K. Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal

scholarly journals Assessing the vulnerability of blanket peat to climate change using an ensemble of statistical bioclimatic envelope models

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Clark ◽  
AV Gallego-Sala ◽  
TEH Allott ◽  
SJ Chapman ◽  
T Farewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Blanket Peat ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope Models ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope

scholarly journals Bioclimatic envelope models predict a decrease in tropical forest carbon stocks with climate change in Madagascar

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Vieilledent ◽  
Oliver Gardi ◽  
Clovis Grinand ◽  
Christian Burren ◽  
Mamitiana Andriamanjato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope Models ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope

scholarly journals Fungi are more dispersal-limited than bacteria among flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Vannette ◽  
Griffin Hall ◽  
Ivan Munkres
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Biodiversity Maintenance ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Dispersal Routes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Plant Pollinator

AbstractDispersal, particularly variation in dispersal ability among taxa, affects community assembly in individual communities and biodiversity maintenance within metacommunities. Although fungi and bacteria frequently coexist, their relative dispersal abilities are poorly understood. Here, we compare the incidence and abundance of culturable flower-inhabiting bacteria and fungi among individual flowers. Using collections that span two coflowering communities across two years, we assess viable bacterial and fungal incidence and abundance within individual flower samples, and examine patterns across plant species that differ in flower traits. Our results demonstrate that bacteria can be detected in more flowers and in greater numerical abundance than fungi, particularly in flowers with more exposed corollas. For fungi, however, flowers with long corollas were equally likely as exposed flowers to contain cells, and hosted higher numbers of fungal cells, primarily yeasts. Across all flowers, bacteria and fungal incidence was positively related, but within flowers containing microbes, bacterial and fungal incidence was negatively related, suggesting shared dispersal routes but competition among microbes within flowers. The difference in dispersal abilities of bacteria and fungi identified here may have broad relevance for community assembly of microbes and plant-pollinator interactions.

scholarly journals The impacts of historical barriers on floristic patterns of plant groups with different dispersal abilities in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koh Nakamura ◽  
Rempei Suwa ◽  
Tetsuo Denda ◽  
Masatsugu Yokota
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Randomization Test ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ryukyu Archipelago ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Plant Dispersal ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Floristic Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Abilities

The effects of historical barriers in biogeographical patterns are expected to persist differently depending on dispersal abilities of organisms. We tested two hypotheses that plant groups with different dispersal abilities display different floristic patterns, and that historical barriers can explain floristic differentiation patterns in plants with low dispersal ability but not in plants with higher dispersal ability, in the seed plant flora of the Ryukyu Archipelago. This area is biogeographically interesting because several similar floristic differentiation patterns have been proposed, all of which are primarily explained by two historical barriers, the Tokara Tectonic Strait (Tokara Gap) and the Kerama Gap, which arose during the formation of the islands. We calculated floristic dissimilarity distance among 26 islands based on data sets for three dispersal-ability classes. Clustering analyses based on the floristic dissimilarity distance generated similar floristic patterns regardless of dispersal-ability class. We propose that because the landscape resistance is so strong that migration of plants is severely restricted regardless of their dispersal abilities, the similar floristic differentiation patterns are generated. Multivariate regression analyses using Mantel's randomization test indicated that floristic differentiations among islands were explained by the both effects of the historical barriers and geographic distance in all dispersal-ability classes. Significance of the historical barriers is not determined by the plant dispersal abilities but presumably by the spatial distribution of the islands, stochastic dispersals, and time since the formation of the barriers.

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