scholarly journals UV wavelengths experienced during development affect larval newt visual sensitivity and predation efficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 20150954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Martin ◽  
Marc Théry ◽  
Gwendolen Rodgers ◽  
Delphine Goven ◽  
Stéphane Sourice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Testing Environment ◽  
Smooth Newt ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris ◽  
Predation Efficiency ◽  
Uv Vision

We experimentally investigated the influence of developmental plasticity of ultraviolet (UV) visual sensitivity on predation efficiency of the larval smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris . We quantified expression of SWS1 opsin gene (UV-sensitive protein of photoreceptor cells) in the retinas of individuals who had developed in the presence (UV+) or absence (UV−) of UV light (developmental treatments), and tested their predation efficiency under UV+ and UV− light (testing treatments). We found that both SWS1 opsin expression and predation efficiency were significantly reduced in the UV− developmental group. Larvae in the UV− testing environment displayed consistently lower predation efficiency regardless of their developmental treatment. These results prove for the first time, we believe, functional UV vision and developmental plasticity of UV sensitivity in an amphibian at the larval stage. They also demonstrate that UV wavelengths enhance predation efficiency and suggest that the magnitude of the behavioural response depends on retinal properties induced by the developmental lighting environment.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet-sensitive vision in long-lived birds

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1702) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia S. Carvalho ◽  
Ben Knott ◽  
Mathew L. Berg ◽  
Andrew T. D. Bennett ◽  
David M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Uv Sensitivity ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Lens Transparency ◽  
Avian Order

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light generates substantial damage, and in mammals, visual sensitivity to UV is restricted to short-lived diurnal rodents and certain marsupials. In humans, the cornea and lens absorb all UV-A and most of the terrestrial UV-B radiation, preventing the reactive and damaging shorter wavelengths from reaching the retina. This is not the case in certain species of long-lived diurnal birds, which possess UV-sensitive (UVS) visual pigments, maximally sensitive below 400 nm. The Order Psittaciformes contains some of the longest lived bird species, and the two species examined so far have been shown to possess UVS pigments. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of UVS pigments across long-lived parrots, macaws and cockatoos, and therefore assess whether they need to cope with the accumulated effects of exposure to UV-A and UV-B over a long period of time. Sequences from the SWS1 opsin gene revealed that all 14 species investigated possess a key substitution that has been shown to determine a UVS pigment. Furthermore, in vitro regeneration data, and lens transparency, corroborate the molecular findings of UV sensitivity. Our findings thus support the claim that the Psittaciformes are the only avian Order in which UVS pigments are ubiquitous, and indicate that these long-lived birds have UV sensitivity, despite the risks of photodamage.

scholarly journals Seeing Nemo: molecular evolution of ultraviolet visual opsins and spectral tuning of photoreceptors in anemonefishes (Amphiprioninae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie J. Mitchell ◽  
Karen L. Cheney ◽  
Wen-Sung Chung ◽  
N. Justin Marshall ◽  
Kyle Michie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Adult Retina ◽  
Uv Sensitivity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Uv Vision

ABSTRACTMany animals can see ultraviolet (UV) light (shorter than 400 nm) undetectable to human vision. UV vision may have functional importance in many taxa including for foraging and communication in birds, reptiles, insects and teleost fishes. Shallow coral reefs transmit a broad spectrum of light and are rich in UV; driving the evolution of diverse spectral sensitivities in teleost reef fishes, including UV-sensitivity. However, the identities and sites of the specific visual genes that underly vision in reef fishes remain elusive and are useful in determining how molecular evolution has tuned vision to meet the ecological demands of life on the reef. We investigated the visual systems of eleven anemonefish (Amphiprioninae) species, specifically probing for the molecular pathways that facilitate UV-sensitivity. Searching the genomes of anemonefishes, we identified a total of seven functional visual genes from all five vertebrate opsin gene subfamilies. We found rare instances of UV-sensitive SWS1 opsin gene duplications, that produced two functional paralogs (SWS1α and SWS1β) and a pseudogene. We also found separate RH2A opsin gene duplicates not yet reported in the family Pomacentridae. Finally, we report on both qualitative and quantitative aspects of opsin gene expression found in the adult retina of the false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris), and their photoreceptor spectral sensitivities measured using microspectrophotometry.

Study on the Visual Response of Frankliniella occidentalis to Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy with Different Wavelength Ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-503
Author(s):  
Qihang Liu ◽  
Yueli Jiang ◽  
Mingqian Zhao ◽  
Jin Miao ◽  
Zhongjun Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Visual Response ◽  
Response Effect

To understand the visual sensitivity of western flower thrips to 350–450 nm light, we examined thrips selective response effect and the effect of white light on thrips visual response effect. The results showed that the visual selection response to Ultra Violet (UV) light at 360–365 nm, the approach sensitivity to 380–385 nm light with 6000 lx was respectively the best (15.59, 7.26%), while under light energy, both of them to 360–365 nm light with 60 mW/cm2 were the best (20.04, 11.13%). Under contrast white light, the most sensitive UV spectra of thrips respectively caused by illumination, light energy was 380–385, 360–365 nm, and white light enhanced thrips visual response effect to UV light, which further increased by the increasing intensity, showing that under illumination, the visual response effect to 380–385 nm light with 6000 lx was the best (51.21,69.78%), while that to 360–365 nm light with 60 mW/cm2 were the best (43.98, 65.68%), originated from the different intensity spread by light energy and illumination. These results indicate that the change of photo-stimulus intensity property can regulated thrips visual sensitivity to enhance the phototactic effect.

scholarly journals Luminescence- and nanoparticle-mediated increase of light absorption by photoreceptor cells: Converting UV light to visible light

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Sunil K. Sahi ◽  
Mingying Peng ◽  
Eric B. Lee ◽  
Lun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells

Genetic characterization of a second novel picornavirus from an amphibian host, smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris)

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Pankovics ◽  
Ákos Boros ◽  
Zoltán Tóth ◽  
Tung Gia Phan ◽  
Eric Delwart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Smooth Newt ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris

Patterns of morphometric variation in the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) from Greece: environmental correlates

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-8) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Sotiropoulos ◽  
Anastasios Legakis ◽  
Rosa‐Maria Polymeni
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Smooth Newt ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris

scholarly journals The distributions of the six species constituting the smooth newt species complex (Lissotriton vulgaris sensu lato and L. montandoni) – an addition to the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Wielstra ◽  
Daniele Canestrelli ◽  
Milena Cvijanović ◽  
Mathieu Denoël ◽  
Anna Fijarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Smooth Newt ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris ◽  
Constituent Species ◽  
Distribution Ranges

Abstract The ‘smooth newt’, the taxon traditionally referred to as Lissotriton vulgaris, consists of multiple morphologically distinct taxa. Given the uncertainty concerning the validity and rank of these taxa, L. vulgaris sensu lato has often been treated as a single, polytypic species. A recent study, driven by genetic data, proposed to recognize five species, L. graecus, L. kosswigi, L. lantzi, L. schmidtleri and a more restricted L. vulgaris. The Carpathian newt L. montandoni was confirmed to be a closely related sister species. We propose to refer to this collective of six Lissotriton species as the smooth newt or Lissotriton vulgaris species complex. Guided by comprehensive genomic data from throughout the range of the smooth newt species complex we 1) delineate the distribution ranges, 2) provide a distribution database, and 3) produce distribution maps according to the format of the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe, for the six constituent species. This allows us to 4) highlight regions where more research is needed to determine the position of contact zones.

The Visual Opsin Gene Repertoires of Teleost Fishes: Evolution, Ecology, and Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Musilova ◽  
Walter Salzburger ◽  
Fabio Cortesi
Keyword(s):  
Sensory System ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Opsin Genes ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Species Specific

Visual opsin genes expressed in the rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the retina are core components of the visual sensory system of vertebrates. Here, we provide an overview of the dynamic evolution of visual opsin genes in the most species-rich group of vertebrates, teleost fishes. The examination of the rich genomic resources now available for this group reveals that fish genomes contain more copies of visual opsin genes than are present in the genomes of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The expansion of opsin genes in fishes is due primarily to a combination of ancestral and lineage-specific gene duplications. Following their duplication, the visual opsin genes of fishes repeatedly diversified at the same key spectral-tuning sites, generating arrays of visual pigments sensitive from the ultraviolet to the red spectrum of the light. Species-specific opsin gene repertoires correlate strongly with underwater light habitats, ecology, and color-based sexual selection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals CRISPR/CAS9 mutagenesis of a single r-opsin gene blocks phototaxis in a marine larva

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1904) ◽  
pp. 20182491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Neal ◽  
D. M. de Jong ◽  
E. C. Seaver
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Pigment Cell ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Opsin Gene ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Many marine animals depend upon a larval phase of their life cycle to locate suitable habitat, and larvae use light detection to influence swimming behaviour and dispersal. Light detection is mediated by the opsin genes, which encode light-sensitive transmembrane proteins. Previous studies suggest that r-opsins in the eyes mediate locomotory behaviour in marine protostomes, but few have provided direct evidence through gene mutagenesis. Larvae of the marine annelid Capitella teleta have simple eyespots and are positively phototactic, although the molecular components that mediate this behaviour are unknown. Here, we characterize the spatio-temporal expression of the rhabdomeric opsin genes in C. teleta and show that a single rhabdomeric opsin gene, Ct-r-opsin1 , is expressed in the larval photoreceptor cells. To investigate its function, Ct-r-opsin1 was disrupted using CRISPR/CAS9 mutagenesis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing demonstrated efficient editing of the Ct-r-opsin1 locus. In addition, the pattern of Ct-r-opsin1 expression in photoreceptor cells was altered. Notably, there was a significant decrease in larval phototaxis, although the eyespot photoreceptor cell and associated pigment cell formed normally and persisted in Ct-r-opsin1 -mutant animals. The loss of phototaxis owing to mutations in Ct-r-opsin1 is similar to that observed when the entire photoreceptor and pigment cell are deleted, demonstrating that a single r-opsin gene is sufficient to mediate phototaxis in C. teleta . These results establish the feasibility of gene editing in animals like C. teleta , and extend previous work on the development, evolution and function of the C. teleta visual system . Our study represents one example of disruption of animal behaviour by gene editing through CRISPR/CAS9 mutagenesis, and has broad implications for performing genome editing studies in a wide variety of other understudied animals.

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