scholarly journals Establishing rates of carbon sequestration in mangroves from an earthquake uplift event

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 20180799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severino G. Salmo ◽  
Vanessa Malapit ◽  
Maria Carmela A. Garcia ◽  
Homer M. Pagkalinawan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Upper Intertidal ◽  
Below Ground

We assessed the carbon stocks (CS) in mangroves that developed after a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Silonay, Oriental Mindoro, south Luzon, The Philippines in November 1994. The earthquake resulted in a 50 cm uplift of sediment that provided new habitat within the upper intertidal zone which mangroves colonized (from less than 2 ha pre-earthquake to the current 45 ha, 23 years post-earthquake). The site provided an opportunity for a novel assessment of the rate of carbon sequestration in recently established mangroves. The carbon stock was measured in above-ground, below-ground and sediment compartments over a seaward to landward transect. Results showed a mean carbon stock of 549 ± 30 Mg C ha −1 (of which 13% was from the above-ground biomass, 5% from the below-ground biomass and 82% from the sediments). There was high carbon sequestration at a 40 cm depth that can be inferred attributable to the developed mangroves. The calculated rate of C sequestration (over 23 years post-earthquake) was 10.2 ± 0.7 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 and is comparable to rates reported from mangroves recovering from forest clearing. The rates we present here from newly developed mangroves contributes to calibrating estimates of total CS from restored mangroves (of different developmental stages) and in mangroves that are affected by disturbances.

Thirty-Year Repeat Measures of Mangrove Above- and Below-Ground Biomass Reveals Unexpectedly High Carbon Sequestration

Ecosystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lamont ◽  
Neil Saintilan ◽  
Jeffrey J. Kelleway ◽  
Debashish Mazumder ◽  
Atun Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Seasonal/Interannual Variations of Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Emission in a Warm-Season Perennial Grassland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Deepa Dhital ◽  
Tomoharu Inoue ◽  
Hiroshi Koizumi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Root Carbon ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Perennial Grassland

Carbon sequestration and carbon emission are processes of ecosystem carbon cycling that can be affected while land area converted to grassland resulting in increased soil carbon storage and below-ground respiration. Discerning the importance of carbon cycle in grassland, we aimed to estimate carbon sequestration in photosynthesis and carbon emission in respiration from soil, root, and microbes, for four consecutive years (2007–2010) in a warm-season perennial grassland, Japan. Soil carbon emission increased with increasing growing season temperature which ranged from 438 to 1642 mg CO2 m−2 h−1. Four years’ average soil carbon emission for growing season, nongrowing season, and annual emission was 1123, 364, and 1488 g C m−2, respectively. Nongrowing and snow covered season soil carbon emission contributed 23–25% and 14–17% to the annual emission. Above-ground biomass varied seasonally and variation in green biomass affected soil carbon emission with increasing temperature and precipitation. Temperature effect on root carbon emission contributed about 1/4th of the total soil carbon emission. Variation in soil and root carbon emission is affected by below-ground biomass. Long-term estimation concluded that seasonal and interannual variations in carbon sequestration and emission are very common in grassland ecosystem.

scholarly journals Estimation of carbon stock in seagrass communities in Central Tapanuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
Z A Harahap ◽  
Khairunnisa ◽  
I E Susetya ◽  
Y P Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystem ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract This study aims to determine the carbon stock in seagrass communities in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The research was conducted from July to August 2020 in the coastal areas of Hajoran and Jago Jago. The parameters measured in this study were density, coverage, biomass, carbon content, and carbon stock in seagrass. Biomass analysis and carbon measurement are divided into the top (above-ground biomass) and the bottom substrate (below-ground biomass). Carbon measurements are conducted using the loss on ignition (LOI) approach. The results showed that the seagrass ecosystem on the coast of Central Tapanuli Regency, which was covered by monospecies Enhalus acoroides, was in a less healthy condition with a cover percentage of 30.3-33.3% and a density of 59-67 shoots/m2. Above-ground and below-ground seagrass biomass reached 140.19-188.72 g/m2 and 368.13-423.69 g/m2 respectively, while carbon stock reached 70.57-94.86 g Corg/m2 and 18731-19603 g Corg/m2 and total standing stock range 257.87-290.90 g Corg/m2. The data obtained from this research can be used as a database to see the potential of seagrass beds as storage of CO2 and as an effort to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

Organic carbon storage in the biomass and soils of hedgerows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Drexler ◽  
Axel Don
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

<p>The establishment of hedgerows as traditional form of agroforestry in Europe is a promising strategy to promote carbon sinks in the context of climate change mitigation. However, only few studies quantified the potential of hedgerows to sequester and store carbon. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to gain a quantitative overview about the carbon storage in the above- and below-ground biomass and soils of hedgerows.</p><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) data of hedgerows and adjacent agricultural fields of nine studies with 83 hedgerow sites was compiled. On average, the establishment of hedgerows on cropland increased SOC by 32%. No significant differences were found between the SOC storage of hedgerows and that of grassland. The literature survey on the biomass carbon stocks of hedgerows resulted in 23 sampled hedgerows, which were supplemented by own biomass data of 49 hedgerows from northern Germany. Biomass stocks increased with time since last coppicing and hedgerow height. The mean (± SD) above-ground biomass carbon stock of the analysed hedgerows was 48 ± 29 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>. Below-ground biomass values seemed mostly underestimated, as they were calculated from above-ground biomass via fixed assumed root:shoot ratios not specific for hedgerows. Only one study reported measured root biomass under hedgerows with a root:shoot ratio of 0.94:1 ± 0.084. With this shoot:root ratio an average below-ground biomass carbon stock of 45 ± 28 Mg C ha<sup>-1 </sup>was estimated, but with high uncertainty.</p><p>Thus, the establishment of hedgerows on cropland could lead to a SOC sequestration of 1.0 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> over a 20-year period. Additionally, up to 9.4 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> could be sequestered in the hedgerow biomass over a 10 year period. In total, hedgerows store 106 ± 41 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> more C than croplands. Our results indicate that organic carbon stored in hedgerows is similar high as in forests. We discuss how the establishment of hedgerows, especially on cropland, can thus be an effective option for C sequestration in agricultural landscapes, meanwhile enhance biodiversity, and soil protection.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of carbon stocks in above- and below-ground biomass in Central Africa: case study of Lesio-louna tropical rainforest of Congo

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 10703-10735 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
R. Ekoungoulou ◽  
J. J. Loumeto ◽  
S. A. Ifo ◽  
Y. E. Bocko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. The study was aimed to estimate the carbon stocks of above- and below-ground biomass in Lesio-louna forest of Congo. The methodology of allometric equations was used to measure the carbon stocks of Lesio-louna natural forest. We are based precisely on the model II which is also called non-destructive method or indirect method of measuring carbon stocks. While there has been use of parameters such as the DBH and wood density. The research was done with 22 circular plots each 1256 m2. In the 22 plots studied, 19 plots are in the gallery forest and three plots in the secondary forest. Also, 22 circular plots were distributed in 5 sites studies of Lesio-louna forest, including: Inkou forest island, Iboubikro, Ngoyili, Blue lake and Ngambali. So, there are two forest types (secondary forest and gallery forest) in this forest ecosystem. In the 5 sites studied, we made measurements on a total of 347 trees with 197 trees for the class of 10–30 cm diameter, 131 trees for the class of 30–60 cm diameter and 19 trees in the diameter class > 60 cm. The results show that in the whole forest, average carbon stock for the 22 plots of the study was 168.601 t C ha−1 for AGB, or 81% and 39.551 t C ha−1 for BGB, or 19%. The total carbon stocks in all the biomass was 3395.365 t C for AGB, which is 3.395365 × 10–6 Gt C and 909.689934 t C for BGB, which was 9.09689934 × 10–7 Gt C. In this forest, the carbon stock was more important in AGB compared to BGB with respectively 3395.365 t C against 909.689934 t C. Plot10 (AGB = 363.899 t C ha−1 and BGB = 85.516 t C ha−1) was the most dominant in terms of carbon quantification in Lesio-louna.

Above- and below-ground biomass of mangroves in a sub-tropical estuary

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Saintilan
Keyword(s):  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Estuary Mouth ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Upper Intertidal ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Ceriops Tagal

Above- and below-ground biomass of five species of mangroves was estimated for the Mary River, south-eastern Queensland. Below-ground : above-ground biomass ratios of species in the upstream reaches (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum and Excoecaria agallocha) averaged <0.5, and those of species in the saline conditions of the mouth (Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa) ranged between 0.9 and 1.5. Within the estuary mouth, above-ground biomass of Avicennia marina and Ceriops tagal decreased between frontal saline and upper-intertidal hypersaline environments, and this was reflected in the below-ground : above-ground biomass ratios, which increased to approximately 3.5 for both species.

scholarly journals Carbon sequestration in hedgerow biomass and soil in the temperate climate zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Drexler ◽  
Andreas Gensior ◽  
Axel Don
Keyword(s):  
C Sequestration ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Temperate Climate Zone ◽  
Soc Stocks

AbstractHedgerows are a traditional form of agroforestry in the temperate climate zone. The establishment of hedgerows may be a promising strategy to promote carbon (C) sinks for climate change mitigation. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis compiling data from 83 sites on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks beneath hedgerows in comparison with adjacent croplands and grasslands, plus biomass data from 64 hedgerows. On average (± SD), the establishment of hedgerows on cropland increased SOC stocks by 32 ± 23 %. No significant differences were found between the SOC stocks of hedgerows and those of grassland. The average above-ground biomass stock was 47 ± 29 Mg C ha−1. Only one study reported measurements of below-ground biomass stocks and root/shoot ratios. Based on these measurements, an average below-ground biomass stock of 44 ± 28 Mg C ha−1 was estimated, but with high uncertainty. In total, hedgerows were estimated to store 104 ± 42 Mg ha−1 more C than croplands, with biomass contributing 84 % (87 ± 40 Mg C ha−1) and soil 16 % (17 ± 12 Mg C ha−1) to this amount. Total C sequestration with the establishment of hedgerows on cropland could be between 2.1 and 5.2 Mg ha−1 year−1 for a period of 50 and 20 years, respectively. Our results indicate that C stocks in hedgerows are on average comparable to estimates for forests. The establishment of hedgerows, especially on cropland, can therefore be an effective option for C sequestration in agricultural landscapes while enhancing biodiversity and soil protection.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration Potentials of Man-made Grasslands under Different Pattern of Plantation Stands in West Bandung Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Annas Dwitri Malik ◽  
Maulida Isfahani Nurillah ◽  
Parikesit ◽  
Susanti Withaningsih ◽  
Ratna Wingit
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Below Ground

Alternatives of vegetations to store carbon need to be encouraged considering that forests are threatened by widespread destructions. One such vegetation is grasslands which have the potential for carbon storage and to reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. At present, many enterprises have designed grasslands for many purposes. Grasslands at Cikalong Wetan and Little Farmers, West Bandung Regency were established under different pattern of plantation stands. The purpose of this research was to study the potential of carbon stock in grassland vegetation at these locations. Based on RaCSA method, the tree biomass was determined by nondestructive collection of density and basal area of trees, then calculated by an allometric equation. The ground cover biomass was determined by destructive collection of grass and roots. Total measured biomass was multiplied by 46% to obtain carbon storage. Based on the results, the potential of carbon stock in Little Farmers grassland (159,540 ton ha-1) is higher than in Cikalong Wetan (14,482 ton ha-1). Carbon stored in tree biomass gives the highest contribution to overall carbon stock potential in Little Farmers (94.84%) while carbon stored in below-ground understorey biomass gives the highest contribution in Cikalong Wetan (52.13 %). Different management of grasslands and pattern of plantation stands resulting a different contribution of carbon stock in every carbon pool. In order to maintain the carbon sequestration potentials of these locations, an agroforestry management such as agri-silviculture need to be encouraged. This study gives a comparison of the carbon sequestration potentials between two man-made grassland ecosystems. For many enterprises this study will aid in a management planning of man-made grassland in terms of ecosystem services, that is carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration Potentials of Woody Plant Species in Makurdi Zoological Garden Benue State Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. M. Paul ◽  
C. C. Iheukwumere ◽  
C. U. Aguoru ◽  
T. Okoh ◽  
U. J. Alfred
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Total Average

Aims: The aim of this study is to estimate the total carbon sequested by some Woody plant Species in Makurdi zoological garden and its contribution to climate change. Study Design: Random sample plots of 100 m × 100 m were located in the field using a Garmin GPS and simple allometric procedures using standard carbon inventory principles and techniques that are based on data collection and analysis of carbon accumulating in the above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, and soil carbon using verifiable modern methods were adopted. Place and Duration of Study: Field experiment was carried out at the Makurdi zoological garden, Benue State, Nigeria between September and October 2018. Methodology: The non-destructive method was used with the view to determine the above ground biomass (AGB), below ground biomass (BGB), Estimate the above ground carbon (AGC), below ground carbon (BGC), Total Carbon Content (TCC) and also to estimate the Above ground C02 and below ground C02 and the total C02 Sequestered in the study area. Results: A total number of 27 species of trees belonging to 16 different families were found in randomly selected sample plots. The diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured at 1.3 m from ground level with a good measuring tape while heights of plants were measured using haga altimeter. The result showed that a total of 3331.05 ton/ha of C02 was estimated to have been sequestered using the non-destructive field measurement. Conclusion: Total average standing biomass of various tree species was calculated to be 907.6395 tons/ha whereas the total average carbon sequestered was 302.6918 tons/ha. Carbon sequestration capacity of trees increased as the age of trees increases. Therefore it can be concluded that the older trees have higher carbon content than younger trees hence, they are reservoirs of carbon.

scholarly journals Biomass Carbon Content in Schima-Castanopsis Forest of Midhills of Nepal: A Case Study from Jaisikuna Community Forest, Kaski

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sushma Tripathi ◽  
Chandra Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Amrit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

Forests are considered as both the source and sinks of carbon. Different types of forests have different carbon stock. Nepal's midhills community forests have high potentiality to sequester carbon. This paper analyzes the biomass carbon stock in Schima-Castanopsis forest of Jaisikuna community forests of Kaski district, Nepal. Forest area was divided into two blocks and 18 sample plots (9 in each block) were laid randomly. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and height of trees (DBH≥5cm) were measured using the DBH tape and clinometer. Leaflitter, herbs, grasses and seedling were collected from 1*1m2 plot and fresh weight was taken. Biomass of tree was calculated and below ground biomass is assumed 15% of above ground tree biomass. For calculating carbon stock, biomass is multiplied by default value 0.47. The above ground tree biomass (AGTB) carbon of chilaune, katus and other species was found 19.56 t/ha, 18.66 t/ha and 3.59 t/ha respectively. The AGTB of chilaune dominated, katus dominated and whole forest was found 43.78 t/ha, 39.83 t/ha and 41.81 t/ ha respectively. LHG carbon was found 2.73 t/ha. Below ground biomass carbon at whole forest was found 6.27 t/ha respectively. Total biomass and carbon at forest was found 108.09 t/ha and 50.80 t/ ha respectively. Difference in biomass and carbon content at chilaune dominated block and katus dominated block was found insignificant. Carbon estimation at forest of different elevation, aspect and location are recommended for further research.

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