An adaptable but threatened big cat: density, diet and prey selection of the Indochinese leopard (
            Panthera pardus delacouri
            ) in eastern Cambodia

We studied the Indochinese leopard ( Panthera pardus delacouri ) in eastern Cambodia, in one of the few potentially remaining viable populations in Southeast Asia. The aims were to determine the: (i) current leopard density in Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) and (ii) diet, prey selection and predation impact of leopard in SWS. The density, estimated using spatially explicit capture–recapture models, was 1.0 leopard/100 km 2 , 72% lower than an estimate from 2009 at the same site, and one of the lowest densities ever reported in Asia. Dietary analysis of 73 DNA confirmed scats showed leopard consumed 13 prey species, although ungulates comprised 87% of the biomass consumed (BC). The overall main prey (42% BC) was banteng ( Bos javanicus ), making this the only known leopard population whose main prey had adult weight greater than 500 kg. Consumption of wild pig ( Sus scrofa ) was also one of the highest ever reported (22% BC), indicating leopard consistently predated on ungulates with some of the largest adult weights in SWS. There were important differences in diet and prey selection between sexes, as males consumed mostly banteng (62% BC) in proportion to availability, but few muntjac ( Muntiacus vaginalis ; 7% BC), whereas females selectively consumed muntjac (56% BC) and avoided banteng (less than 1% BC). Predation impact was low (0.5–3.2% of populations) for the three ungulate species consumed. We conclude that the Indochinese leopard is an important apex predator in SWS, but this unique population is declining at an alarming rate and will soon be eradicated unless effective protection is provided.

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Diet composition and prey selection of vendace Coregonus albula in the mesotrophic, temperate Lake Ostrowite (Northern Poland)

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies ◽

10.2478/v10009-007-0036-z ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomasz Kakareko ◽

Paweł Napiórkowski ◽

Jacek Kozłowski

Keyword(s):

Diet Composition ◽

Prey Selection ◽

Temperate Lake ◽

Coregonus Albula ◽

Northern Poland ◽

Mesotrophic Lake ◽

Selection Of

Diet composition and prey selection of vendaceLake Ostrowite is a mesotrophic lake in Northern Poland 280.7 ha in area and 43 m deep at its deepest point. To study vendace (

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Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

Author(s):

KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET ◽

Ronglarp - Sukmasuang ◽

NORASET KHOEWSREE ◽

MANANYA PLA-ARD ◽

YUWALUK CHANACHAI

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Prey Species ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Prey Selection ◽

Selection Index ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Khao Yai National Park ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. Charaspet K, Sukmasuang R, Khoewsree N, Pla-ard M, Chanachai Y. 2020. Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 5248-5262. The study of prey species and prey selection of Dholes at 3 different sites was conducted at Khao Yai National Park, Salak Pra, and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries from 2013 to 2020. Information on Dhole prey at the sites was collected from the residues of dhole scats, from which the selection index, the relative biomass of the prey, and the relative amounts of the consumed prey were calculated. The data were collected simultaneously with the use of camera traps at each site. The study revealed that there were 13 species of Dhole prey with body weight over 5 kg. The result indicated that there were 7 species of even-toed ungulates. The relative biomass of even-toed ungulates ranged between 76.78 - 90.50% of the total biomass of all the Dholes’ consumed prey for all study sites. The dietary diversity index unveiled a similar index in all areas, which proved the adequacy of the analyzed scats. However, the Niche breadth index, which indicates the relevance of prey selection and prey species to the appearances of the prey at each site, was found to be high at Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Yai National Park, while the index was found to be low at Salak Pra Wildlife Sanctuary. The results revealed that Dholes consumed viverrid species and Malayan porcupine more often at the site where there were large carnivores. The recommendation from this study was the conservation and restoration of the ungulate populations, the main prey, as it greatly affects the conservation of the Dhole populations in Thailand. Grassland and salt lick sites, water sources improvements are also important to promote prey population. The conservation of wildlife prey by releasing them to nature, as currently conducted, has an effect on the increase of Dholes’ prey species.

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Intrinsic Prey Preference and Selection of the Giant Gartersnake: A Threatened Predator in a Nonnative Prey-Dominated Community

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/062019-jfwm-051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 164-173

Author(s):

Julia S.M. Ersan ◽

Brian J. Halstead ◽

Erica L. Wildy ◽

Michael L. Casazza ◽

Glenn D. Wylie

Keyword(s):

Exotic Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Prey Selection ◽

Central Valley ◽

Prey Preference ◽

Live Prey ◽

Species Of Conservation Concern ◽

Conservation Concern ◽

Behavioral Trials ◽

Selection Of

Abstract The introduction of exotic species into an environment can introduce great change in the trophic dynamics of native species. This is of even greater concern if the native species is of conservation concern. The giant gartersnake, Thamnophis gigas, an endemic predator of the Central Valley of California and a species of conservation concern at the state and federal levels, has declined as a result of conversion of its once vast wetland habitat to agriculture. Another anthropogenic factor contributing to this snake's changing ecology is the introduction of nonnative prey into the species' habitats. These introductions have resulted in a prey community that is almost completely composed of exotic species and have potential for considerable effects. In order to assess prey preference and selection we performed three sets of behavioral trials on naïve neonates. We examined 1) neonate prey preference in response to olfactory cues of prepared prey extracts, 2) neonate consumption of different live prey items presented simultaneously; and 3) terrestrial feeding behavior and/or latency to successful attack. Results from the olfactory study suggest that native Sierran treefrogs, Pseudacris sierra, are preferred by neonates. Results from consumption trials suggest that neonates are more likely to select frog species than fish species. This is the first study that we are aware of that examines prey selection of this threatened species and serves to inform its conservation and management.

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Kleiber ratios and growth curves of African Black and Red Neck ostrich breeds and their crossbreeds

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6supl2p4059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽

pp. 4059-4072

Author(s):

Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de Rezende ◽

◽

Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro ◽

Riccardo Moretti ◽

Johnny Iglesias Mendes Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Production Costs ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Kleiber Ratio ◽

Final Weight ◽

African Black ◽

One Year ◽

Lower Production ◽

Selection Of

The selection of animals with lower production costs can be achieved by using feed efficiency and growth curve information. Kleiber ratio (KR) is an alternative option for discriminating against the animals that have the greatest weight gain about their final weight. Alternative feed efficiency and growth curves for ostriches of the African Black (AB) and Red Neck (RN) breeds and their crossbreeds (CB) were investigated using KR and Gompertz equation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. The highest adult weight was identified in the RN and CB. AB was more precocious than the RN and CB individuals. Only AB animals reached 75% of their mature weight at one year of age. At 180 days, AB showed better KR. AB was different from the others, mainly for KR at 90 days and 180 days. Considering multivariate analysis, AB animals were different from the others, regardless of sex, mainly for KR at 90 days and KR at 180 days. Other subgroups separated the animals by sex. In a market preferring animals of minor structure (smaller cuts) and greater precocity, it would be suitable to opt for AB. When animals with greater body structure (larger cuts) are desired, males RN and CR is the best option, however, it will be slaughtered with greater age and lower value for KR (may generate a bigger production cost ). It is possible to obtain animals with precocity and high KR, being well represented by the AB breed.

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Prey selection of the least weasel Mustela nivalis in the laboratory

ACTA THERIOLOGICA ◽

10.4098/at.arch.97-20 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 179-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pirjo Pekkarinen ◽

Jari Heikkilä

Keyword(s):

Prey Selection ◽

Least Weasel ◽

Mustela Nivalis ◽

Selection Of

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Separation of large mammalian ventricular myosin differing in ATPase activityThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y07-032 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 85 (3-4) ◽

pp. 326-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Heinz Rupp ◽

Bernhard Maisch

Keyword(s):

Atpase Activity ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

70Th Birthday ◽

Aortic Pressure ◽

Myosin V ◽

Norepinephrine Concentration ◽

Ventricular Myosin ◽

Selection Of ◽

Wild Pig

To investigate a possible heterogeneity of human ventricular myosin, papillary muscles of patients with valvular dysfunction were examined using a modified native gel electrophoresis. Myosin was separated into 2 components termed VA and VB, whereby the VA to VB proportion appeared to depend on the ventricular load. The proportion of the faster migrating band VA was correlated (P < 0.05) with end-diastolic pressure and the aortic pressure-cardiac index product. The regression based on these variables accounted for 67% of the variation in VA (R2 = 0.67). The VA proportion was, however, not significantly correlated with cardiac norepinephrine concentration. The ATPase activity of the 2 components of myosin was assessed from the Ca3(PO4)2 precipitation by incubating the gel in the presence of ATP and CaCl2. The ATPase activity of VA was 60% of that of VB. The VA and VB forms were observed also in the cat (31.4% VA), dog (32.1% VA), pig (28.5% VA), wild pig (33.7% VA), and roe deer (30.5% VA). VA and VB were not detected in the rat exhibiting the 3 isoforms V1, V2, and V3, rabbit (100% V3), and hare (86% V1). The data demonstrate a heterogeneity of large mammalian ventricular myosin, whereby an increased cardiac load appeared to be associated with a higher myosin VA proportion that exhibited a reduced ATPase activity.

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Habitat utilization and prey selection of the kestrelFalco tinnunculusin relation to small mammal abundance

Italian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1080/11250000802085526 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 401-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. Casagrande ◽

L. Nieder ◽

E. Di Minin ◽

I. La Fata ◽

D. Csermely

Keyword(s):

Small Mammal ◽

Prey Selection ◽

Habitat Utilization ◽

Selection Of

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PSVII-28 Genetic analysis of frame score and performance traits in Nellore cattle–growth, carcass and efficiency traits

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 238-239

Author(s):

Maria Paula Negreiros ◽

Elisa Peripolli ◽

Claudio U Magnabosco ◽

Nayanny Guimarães ◽

Raysildo Lôbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Genetic Selection ◽

Heritability Estimate ◽

Score System ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Nellore Cattle ◽

And Performance ◽

Selection Of

Abstract We evaluated a novel frame score system for Nellore cattle raised on pasture (Guimarães et al., 2020 J, Anim. Sci. 98 (Suppl. 4)). Growth traits included age-adjusted weights (kg) at birth (W0), 120 (W120), 210 (W210) and 450 (W450) days of age, and adult weight (AW). Carcass traits (by ultrasound) included ribeye area (REA, cm2), 12th-13th rib backfat (BF, mm), rump fat (RF, mm), and intramuscular fat (IMF, %). Feed efficiency traits included residual feed intake (RFI, kg of DM/d) and DM intake (DMI, kg/d). We applied the previously developed equations (that also include hip height (HH, cm) and age to 12,049 records from the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) database:FSmales= -20.35 + 0.1305*REA + 0.2633*BF - 0.5901*RF+ 0.1139*HH + 0.0056*AGEFSfemales = -11.87 + 0.1316*REA - 0.2457*BF - 0.6218*RF + 0.1139*HH + 0.0009507*AGEThe (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using a linear animal model or a threshold animal model depending on the trait. The heritability estimate for frame score was moderate (0.30). Estimated genetic correlations were moderate for growth traits (W0, 0.51; W120, 0.41; W210, 0.35; W450, 0.29; AW, 0.39). Estimated genetic correlations for carcass and efficiency traits ranged from low to high (REA, 0.50; BF, -0.25; RF, -0.84; IMF, -0.15; DMI, 0.29; RFI, 0.10). The estimates support the notion that larger frame animals are heavier, leaner and later maturing, and less feed efficient. The new frame score may be a useful tool for genetic selection of animals that are best suited to their environment.

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