Kleiber ratios and growth curves of African Black and Red Neck ostrich breeds and their crossbreeds

The selection of animals with lower production costs can be achieved by using feed efficiency and growth curve information. Kleiber ratio (KR) is an alternative option for discriminating against the animals that have the greatest weight gain about their final weight. Alternative feed efficiency and growth curves for ostriches of the African Black (AB) and Red Neck (RN) breeds and their crossbreeds (CB) were investigated using KR and Gompertz equation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. The highest adult weight was identified in the RN and CB. AB was more precocious than the RN and CB individuals. Only AB animals reached 75% of their mature weight at one year of age. At 180 days, AB showed better KR. AB was different from the others, mainly for KR at 90 days and 180 days. Considering multivariate analysis, AB animals were different from the others, regardless of sex, mainly for KR at 90 days and KR at 180 days. Other subgroups separated the animals by sex. In a market preferring animals of minor structure (smaller cuts) and greater precocity, it would be suitable to opt for AB. When animals with greater body structure (larger cuts) are desired, males RN and CR is the best option, however, it will be slaughtered with greater age and lower value for KR (may generate a bigger production cost ). It is possible to obtain animals with precocity and high KR, being well represented by the AB breed.

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Brahman and Brahman crossbred cattle grown on pasture and in feedlots in subtropical and temperate Australia. 3. Feed efficiency and feeding behaviour of feedlot-finished animals

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/ea08083 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 452 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. M. Schutt ◽

P. F. Arthur ◽

H. M. Burrow

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Eating Rate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Relative Growth ◽

South Wales ◽

Kleiber Ratio ◽

Time Eating ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this experiment was to quantify differences in feed efficiency and feeding behaviour of 470 heifers and steers by Brahman, Belmont Red, Santa Gertrudis, Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais and Limousin sires mated to Brahman dams. Animals were bred in subtropical Queensland and finished in a temperate New South Wales feedlot. Animals averaged 598 days of age and 425.8 kg at the start of the feed intake test period. Sire breeds did not differ for eating rate, feed conversion ratio or relative growth rate. Generally, higher daily feed intakes (DFI) corresponded with higher average daily gains (ADG). Straightbred Brahmans fed the most frequently (16.6 ± 0.8 sessions/day; P < 0.05) but spent the least time eating of all breeds (67.4 ± 2.7 min/day; P < 0.001). Least squares means for Brahman, Belmont Red, Santa Gertrudis, Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais and Limousin sired progeny, respectively, for residual feed intake (RFI; P < 0.05) were 0.02 ± 0.16, 0.14 ± 0.13, –0.10 ± 0.23, 0.54 ± 0.17, –0.27 ± 0.18, 0.29 ± 0.18, –0.46 ± 0.16 and –0.21 ± 0.13 kg/day, and for ADG (P < 0.001) were 1.06 ± 0.05, 1.17 ± 0.04, 1.52 ± 0.08, 1.47 ± 0.06, 1.46 ± 0.06, 1.46 ± 0.06, 1.35 ± 0.06 and 1.38 ± 0.05 kg/day. While straightbred Brahmans did not differ from all other sire breeds for RFI, their lower appetite relative to crossbred contemporaries resulted in the lowest DFI (P < 0.001) and lowest ADG (P < 0.001) overall. Angus sired crosses were the least efficient feeders and spent the most time eating, consumed the most feed and had the highest RFI, but were not significantly different to Santa Gertrudis and Shorthorn crosses for these traits. Angus sired crosses spent 24.1 and 15.4 min/day more time eating (P < 0.001) than straightbred Brahmans and Charolais crosses, and consumed 35 and 13% more feed (P < 0.001) respectively. Charolais sired crosses were the most feed efficient with the lowest RFI and intermediate DFI, and did not differ significantly from the highest ranking sire breeds for ADG or Kleiber ratio. While Belmont Red crosses did not differ from all breeds for RFI, they had significantly lower DFI than British and Santa Gertrudis crosses resulting in lower ADG (P < 0.001) relative to these sire breeds. Therefore, selection of Charolais, Hereford, Limousin and Santa Gertrudis sire breeds would result in the most feed efficient (low RFI) crosses with Brahman without any sacrifice in ADG.

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Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

POMICULTURE & SMALL FRUITS CULTURE IN RUSSIA ◽

10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-32-38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

E. A. Dolmatov ◽

R. B. Borzayev ◽

A. N. Shaipov

Keyword(s):

Chestnut Soil ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Juvenile Period ◽

Period 2 ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

The Common ◽

One Year ◽

First Time ◽

Selection Of ◽

Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

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A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610000698x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 332-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. Blasco ◽

E. Gómez

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Litter Size ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Live Weight ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Maximum Growth Rate ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Weight Growth ◽

Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

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Tool Approach Directions for Machining Protrusion and Depression Features in an Object

16th Design Automation Conference: Volume 1 — Computer Aided and Computational Design ◽

10.1115/detc1990-0024 ◽

1990 ◽

Author(s):

Chandrasekhar Karra ◽

Thomas A. Phelps

Keyword(s):

Product Development ◽

Product Design ◽

Tool Path ◽

Low Cost ◽

Production Costs ◽

Competitive Market ◽

Process Plans ◽

Manufacturing Problems ◽

Lower Production

Abstract The success of any industry in today’s highly competitive market is largely dependent on its ability to produce quality products, quickly and at low cost. Evaluating the effect of a product design on its manufacture is crucial in developing efficient designs. Any potential manufacturing problems detected at this stage can be corrected by modifying the design, leading to shorter product development cycles and lower production costs. This paper presents an algorithm to determine feasible tool approach directions. The algorithm is based on detecting if any part of the object obstructs the tool path. The basis for the algorithm is determining feasible approach directions and clearances around a planar polygonal face. The algorithm is applicable to both protrusions and depressions. The information is useful in performing manufacturability analysis of designs and develop process plans.

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Economic performance of organic vs conventional vegetables production in Gaza strip

مجلة جامعة فلسطين التقنية للأبحاث ◽

10.53671/ptukrj.v2i2.29 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Ahmed Abu Shaban

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Farming System ◽

Organic Production ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Production Costs ◽

Economic Potential ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Lower Production

Organic farming has achieved significant growth in developing countries. However, it is still in some areas such as Gaza strip at embryonic stage. Introduction and promotion of organic farming would need more information about economic feasibility of shifting from the existing conventional farms to organic farming system. This is the main aim of this study. Data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers in southern area of Gaza strip using standard questionnaire. Additional focus group discussions were conducted for further qualitative analyses. Data was also collected from the organic farm of Safe Agriculture Association where vegetables are organically produced and marketed. Gross margin and comparative analyses were used to describe cost structure of conventional and organic production and to assess economic potentialities to shift to organic farming. Results varied among vegetable crops as some crops showed very high economic potential to shift to organic farming while other crops did not. Major reasons for crops with good potential were higher yield under organic farming, premium market prices and lower production costs. Major reasons for lower economic potential to shift were the significant lower yield and higher production costs. The study recommends further technical research to explore organic production techniques that allows for higher yield and lower production cost. The study also recommends further market research to investigate consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for organic products.

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THE EFFECTS OF SEX AND AGE OF MALE AT CASTRATION ON GROWTH AND CARCASS QUALITY OF YORKSHIRE SWINE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas61-005 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 30-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

L. A. Charette

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Iodine Number ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Selection Of ◽

Effect On Growth

The effects of sex and age of castration of males on growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in bacon type swine were measured using 16 pigs each as gilts, entire boars, and boars castrated at birth, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age. Castration at 20 weeks was too late since some pigs reached 200 pounds live weight before that age. Boars consumed less feed daily than barrows and gilts, were thinner in loin fat, and yielded a higher percentage of shoulder than gilts. The carcasses of boars and gilts were longer, had less fat covering over the shoulder and back, a larger area of loin, and a higher iodine number than those castrated late. Acceptability tests showed that sex or age of castration did not affect the flavour, odour, or tenderness of the meat.Purebred breeders can delay castration for better selection of boars without any serious effect on growth, physical carcass characteristics, and feed requirements. Although the market discriminates against boars, it appears questionable whether castration is necessary when boars are slaughtered at 200 pounds before they reach the age of 150 days.

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Simulation of Holstein and Jersey profitability by varying milk price payment system

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000400028 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 913-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daniel de Noronha Figueiredo Vieira da Cunha ◽

José Carlos Pereira ◽

Oriel Fajardo de Campos ◽

Sebastião Teixeira Gomes ◽

José Luis Braga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Payment System ◽

Production Costs ◽

Farm Size ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Bonus Payment ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Percentage Unit ◽

Economic Indexes ◽

Lower Production

The objective of the study was to compare through simulation Holstein and Jersey breed herds, considering the farm size, zootechnical and economic indexes and profitability of the activity, by using different systems of bonus payment for milk price based in percentage of fat and protein in the milk. The comparisons were made, initially, disregarding the bonus payment for milk price based on the increase in the fat and protein percentage in milk. After that, the profitability of the activity was compared considering bonus payment for milk price of the Jersey breed herd, for each unit increment in fat and protein percentage in milk above those obtained with the Holstein breed herd. Finally, the profitability of the activity was compared by using the bonus payment for milk price based on quality of that used by company A systems. When there was no bonus payment for milk price based in the percentage of fat and protein in the milk, the profit obtained with the Holstein breed was higher because of the lower production costs. In order to make the activity more profitable with the Jersey breed, a bonus payment of 5% for milk price would be needed for each percentage unit of fat above the percentage of that obtained with the Holstein breed, or a bonus payment of 10% in the milk price for each percentage unit of protein above the percentage obtained with the Holstein breed. By using the bonus payment system proposed by Gimenes and Ponchio, the annual profit with the Jersey breed was higher than the profit obtained with the Holstein breed. However, with the application of the bonus payment system used by company A, the Holstein breed became more profitable than the Jersey breed.

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Competitive Binding Investigations and Quantitation in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra of Binary Dye Mixtures

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1177/0003702817723339 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mircea A. Comanescu ◽

Cyril Muehlethaler ◽

John R. Lombardi ◽

Marco Leona ◽

Thomas A. Kubic

Keyword(s):

Spectral Characteristics ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽

Peak Height ◽

Calibration Models ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Standard Calibration ◽

One Year ◽

Selection Of

This research presents a study in surface-enhanced Raman quantitation of dyes present in mixtures of alizarin and purpurin using standard calibration curves and Langmuir isotherm calibration models. Investigations of the nature of competitive adsorption onto silver nanoparticles by centrifugation indicates that both dyes in the mixture interact with the nanoparticles simultaneously, but only the stronger adsorbing one is seen to dominate the spectral characteristics. Calibration can be carried out by careful selection of peaks characteristic to each dye in the mixture. Comparisons of peak height and peak area calibrations reveal that peak heights, when selected by the maximum value and accounting for peak shifts, prove the better model for quantitation. It is also shown that the microwave nanoparticle synthesis method produces stable nanoparticles with a shelf-life of at least one year that give very little variation within and between uses.

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Region-of-influence approach to a frequency analysis of heavy precipitation in Slovakia

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-12-825-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 825-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

L. Gaál ◽

J. Kyselý ◽

J. Szolgay

Keyword(s):

Frequency Analysis ◽

Growth Curves ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Regional Frequency Analysis ◽

Design Values ◽

Site Design ◽

Specific Alternative ◽

Method Yield ◽

Regional Frequency ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. The paper compares different approaches to regional frequency analysis with the main focus on the implementation of the region-of-influence (ROI) technique for the modelling of probabilities of heavy precipitation amounts in the area of the Western Carpathians. Unlike the conventional regional frequency analysis where the at-site design values are estimated within a fixed pooling group (region), the ROI approach as a specific alternative to focused pooling techniques makes use of flexible pooling groups, i.e. each target site has its own group of sufficiently similar sites. In this paper, various ROI pooling schemes are constructed as combinations of different alternatives of sites' similarity (pooling groups defined according to climatological characteristics and geographical proximity of sites, respectively) and pooled weighting factors. The performance of the ROI pooling schemes and statistical models of conventional (regional and at-site) frequency analysis is assessed by means of Monte Carlo simulation studies for precipitation annual maxima for the 1-day and 5-day durations in Slovakia. It is demonstrated that a) all the frequency models based on the ROI method yield estimates of growth curves that are superior to the standard regional and at-site estimates at most individual sites, and b) the selection of a suitable ROI pooling scheme should be adjusted to the dominant character of the formation of heavy precipitation.

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