scholarly journals Rapid migrations and dynamics of citizen response

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181864
Author(s):  
Anand Sahasranaman ◽  
Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen

One of the pressing social concerns of our time is the need for meaningful responses to migrants and refugees fleeing conflict and environmental catastrophe. We develop a computational model to model the influx of migrants into a city, varying the rates of entry, and find a nonlinear inverse relationship between the fraction of resident population whose tolerance levels are breached due to migrant entry and the average time to such tolerance breach. Essentially, beyond a certain rate of migrant entry, there is a rapid rise in the fraction of residents whose tolerances are breached, even as the average time to breach decreases. We also model an analytical approximation of the computational model and find qualitative correspondence in the observed phenomenology, with caveats. The sharp increase in the fraction of residents with tolerance breach could potentially underpin the intensity of resident responses to bursts of migrant entry into their cities. Given this nonlinear relationship, it is perhaps essential that responses to refugee situations are multi-country or global efforts so that sharp spikes of refugee migrations are equitably distributed among nations, potentially enabling all participating countries to avoid impacting resident tolerances beyond limits that are socially sustainable.

The infrared opacity of Jupiter’s upper atmosphere will be influenced by line blanketing resulting from strong absorption bands of ammonia and organic molecules. In order to calculate these effects eventually, we conduct a first investigation into the ion-molecule chemistry of the upper Jovian atmosphere. Experimental results show that intense ultraviolet radiation reacts with the constituents of the Jovian atmosphere to produce C2H4> ^2^65 a, and higher polymers. The general procedure for calculating both equilibrium and non-equilibrium abundances of these products is formulated and applied to the case of the surface passage of a satellite shadow. A specific example is made of ethylene, for which an analytical approximation gives 10 (to power of 10) molecules in an atmospheric column of 1 cm2 cross-section after a very rapid rise to equilibrium. Such a concentration of ethylene does not substantially affect the infrared radiation in the shadow.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bietta ◽  
Mattia Morini ◽  
Asiya Kamber Zaidi ◽  
Francesco Cozzolino ◽  
Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki

The mortality figures related to the coronavirus pandemic has been the topic of debate lately. Several hypothesis are made regarding the expected number of deaths in a region but there are various factors governing the same. In this paper, we have discussed the mortality figures in the Umbria region after analyzing the data from the national Health registry between December 2019 to April 2020; the period of infection and its comparison with the data from previous five years. The factors governing these figures were studied including temperature, standard mortality rates, territorial distribution, death due to all cases as well as the non-COVID deaths. A sharp increase in mortality figures was observed for the month of march and low temperature also had a role to play. However the difference when compared to previous 5 years was not significant as was expected at the start of the study. A single factor cannot be responsible for the total mortality figures in a region as is frequently predicted.


2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray P. S. Han ◽  
S. G. Mao

In this paper, an accurate computational model for analyzing tire-soil interaction is presented. In the traditional approach, Bekker equation is written in a global form and a quasi-static analysis is done to iteratively model the interaction of the tire and soil. This is due to the nonlinear relationship between soil sinkage and pressure and the unknown loading and unloading status of soil as they are dependent on past loading histories. In this work, an incremental form of Bekker model is proposed. The resulting tire-soil interaction problem is described by a set of nonlinear complementarity equations, which are easier to solve compared to the iterative approach required in the traditional Bekker model. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm presented in this work.


Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Reuter

The reaction rate and efficiency of piperazine to 1,4-diazabicyclo-octane (DABCO) depends on the Si/Al ratio of the MFI topology catalysts. The Al was shown to be the active site, however, in the Si/Al range of 30-200 the reaction rate increases as the Si/Al ratio increases. The objective of this work was to determine the location and concentration of Al to explain this inverse relationship of Al content with reaction rate.Two silicalite catalysts in the form of 1/16 inch SiO2/Al2O3 bonded extrudates were examined: catalyst A with a Si/Al of 83; and catalyst B, the acid/phosphate Al extracted form of catalyst A, with a Si/Al of 175. Five extrudates from each catalyst were fractured in the transverse direction and particles were obtained from the fracture surfaces near the center of the extrudate diameter. Particles were also obtained from the outside surfaces of five extrudates.


1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.


Author(s):  
Paul Van Den Broek ◽  
Yuhtsuen Tzeng ◽  
Sandy Virtue ◽  
Tracy Linderholm ◽  
Michael E. Young

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Johnston ◽  
Kevin J. Hawley ◽  
James M. Farnham
Keyword(s):  

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