Dynamics of air temperature in the main types of mountain Crimea regional ecosystems

Climate change in Crimea is characterized by spatial heterogeneity in the displacement of air temperature fields, due to the influence of regional and local factors. There are currently no works devoted to the study of the reaction of regional ecosystems to changes in air temperature in Crimea. Based on open databases of reanalysis, geoinformation modeling the results of studies of the dynamics of air temperature in the main types of ecosystems of the Mountain Crimea under conditions of climate change are presented. For each circulation epoch and period of the Northern Hemisphere, maps of average annual temperatures were obtained along the landscape contours of the Crimean Peninsula. A map of the standard deviation of temperature within the landscape contours was made. For key areas, the mean annual air temperature, standard deviation, and factorial entropy were calculated. The main regularities of air temperature dynamics in the main types of Mountain Crimea ecosystems with the change of circulation epochs and periods of the Northern Hemisphere are revealed. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the standard deviation and factor entropy, the role of changes in air temperature in the formation of strategies for the development or stabilization of the main types of regional ecosystems in Mountain Crimea is shown.

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled multi-objective optimization framework for thermal system design for Li-ion batteries with metal separators

Battery thermal management system (BTMS) has significant impacts on the performance of electric vehicles (EVs). In this research, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled multi-objective optimization framework is proposed to improve the thermal performance of the battery pack having metal separators. CFD is utilized to study the thermal and fluid dynamics performance of the designed battery pack. Input parameters include inlet air temperature, thermal conductivity of coolant, thermal conductivity of metal separator, and diameter of heat dissipation hole. Five vital output parameters are maximum temperature, average temperature, temperature standard deviation, maximum pressure, and volume of the pack. The support vector machine (SVM) model is used to replace the real output parameters of the battery pack. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the diameter of heat dissipation hole is the main factor affecting the volume of the structure and the pressure drop, while the inlet air temperature has significant influence on the battery pack thermal behavior. The cooling efficiency and the uniformity of temperature distribution are mainly determined by the inlet air temperature. The decrease of inlet air temperature could lead to a rise of temperature standard deviation. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) is taken to acquire the optimum set of input parameters. The obtained optimal scheme of battery pack can improve the cooling efficiency as well as reducing the volume cost and the energy consumption of the cooling system while such design may result in a higher level of non-uniformity of the temperature and pressure distribution.

Standards for the Research and Registration of Drinking Mineral and Mountain Spring Waters in Bulgaria

In Bulgaria is observed a great variety of spring waters. They are mineral and mountain spring waters. According to their temperature they can be cold (up to 37 °С), warm (from 37°C to 60 °C) and hot (over 60 °C). This is temperature standard in Bulgaria, European Union. The mountain spring waters are cold with temperature up to 25 °С. In Bulgaria for drinking mineral and mountain spring waters are valid Ordinance No 9 / 2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30, and decree No. 178 / 23.07.2004. There are include: Physicochemical parameters; Microbiological data; Radiological study. The aim of the publication is to show the results regarding Ordinance No. 9 / 2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30, and decree No 178 / 23.07.2004 with research of Nedyalka Valcheva, Trakia University, Stara Zagora. There are also including author research. By their chemical composition they fall into three categories – low mineralized (up to 2 g/L), moderately mineralized (2 to 15 g/L) and highly mineralized (15 - 30 g/L). According to their chemical composition the mineral waters are divided into sulphate, sulfide, hydrogen carbonate, chloride and carbonic containing waters.

Spatial modelling of acute respitory infection with environmental health factors in Gowa Regency, Indonesia

Respiratory tract infections or ISPA is an infection that occurs in the nasal cavity, sinuses, and throat. ISPA is caused by influenza viruses, parainfluenza, and other typical viruses. The purpose of this study is to determine the spatial description of the environmental factor on ISPA disease in the working area of Gowa Regency, Indonesia. This research employs a quantitative research methodology by using a descriptive approach. The method used in this research was a spatial pattern. The research results showed that the spread of ISPA disease could be restrained based on several measurements. It reveals that the ventilation area of the respondent's house was 66.3% in which it did not meet the proper ventilation standards; the type of the wall used in the respondent's house was 25.0% which did not meet the proper wall standard; the type of floor used in the respondent's house was 31.3% which did not meet the proper floor standard; the density of the respondent’s house was 31.3% in which the occupancy density did not meet the proper density standard; the room temperature of the respondent’s house was 27.5% which did not meet the proper temperature standard, and lastly the spread of ISPA disease based on the humidity of the respondent's room was 32.5% which means that the room humidity did not meet the proper humidity standard. Based on the research results, it is expected that a clear understanding of the importance of maintaining a clean home environment could be gained.

Impact of COVID-19 on the mortality rates for the resident population of the Umbria region in Italy

The mortality figures related to the coronavirus pandemic has been the topic of debate lately. Several hypothesis are made regarding the expected number of deaths in a region but there are various factors governing the same. In this paper, we have discussed the mortality figures in the Umbria region after analyzing the data from the national Health registry between December 2019 to April 2020; the period of infection and its comparison with the data from previous five years. The factors governing these figures were studied including temperature, standard mortality rates, territorial distribution, death due to all cases as well as the non-COVID deaths. A sharp increase in mortality figures was observed for the month of march and low temperature also had a role to play. However the difference when compared to previous 5 years was not significant as was expected at the start of the study. A single factor cannot be responsible for the total mortality figures in a region as is frequently predicted.

The Necessity of Improving the Standard for Thermal Environment in Korean Public Facilities

As one of the energy saving policies, the Korean government has been regulating the indoor thermal environment of public office facilities in Korea, starting with energy conservation measures in 1980. This policy, which is above 28 °C in summer and below 18 °C in winter, is causing discomfort among the occupants. The purpose of this study is to support the need to improve temperature limitation standards of the Korean public office facilities. For this purpose, the standards for the thermal environment in offices of major countries and associations were examined. Subsequently, they were compared with the Korean standards. Additionally, nine buildings of public office facilities in Korea were surveyed on the thermal environment, and PMV measurement was carried out. As a result, most of the buildings that complied with the cooling temperature standard as well as most of the buildings that did not comply were found to be uncomfortable. In conclusion, to improve the comfort of Korean public office facilities in the heating and cooling period, it is necessary to mitigate temperature regulation and regulate additional environmental factors.

A Thermal Design and Experimental Investigation for the Fast Charging Process of a Lithium-Ion Battery Module With Liquid Cooling

The appropriate temperature distribution is indispensable to lithium-ion battery module, especially during the fast charging of the sudden braking process. Thermal properties of each battery cell are obtained from numerical heat generation model and experimental data, and the deviation of thermophysical performance is analyzed by K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering to select battery cells with similar performance. Thermal performance of lithium-ion cells under different charging rates is investigated in experiments and the effects of different mini-channel designs discussed using numerical simulation, maximum temperature, maximum pressure, and temperature standard deviation are compared by both numerical calculation and experimental validation. Two kinds of cooling plates are selected, considering the uniformity of temperature distribution and energy consumption, respectively. All of these cooling plate designs have the ability to constrain the maximum temperature and temperature standard deviation within 306 K and 1.2 K, respectively. Additionally, this thermal management system does not need too much energy consumption. In experimental validation, deviation of maximum temperature is measured to be within 2.2 K and difference of temperature standard deviation is also within tolerance.