scholarly journals Automated analysis of scanning electron microscopic images for assessment of hair surface damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Chu ◽  
Deon S. Anex ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
Bradley R. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Damage Classification ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hair Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mechanical damage of hair can serve as an indicator of health status and its assessment relies on the measurement of morphological features via microscopic analysis, yet few studies have categorized the extent of damage sustained, and instead have depended on qualitative profiling based on the presence or absence of specific features. We describe the development and application of a novel quantitative measure for scoring hair surface damage in scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images without predefined features, and automation of image analysis for characterization of morphological hair damage after exposure to an explosive blast. Application of an automated normalization procedure for SEM images revealed features indicative of contact with materials in an explosive device and characteristic of heat damage, though many were similar to features from physical and chemical weathering. Assessment of hair damage with tailing factor, a measure of asymmetry in pixel brightness histograms and proxy for surface roughness, yielded 81% classification accuracy to an existing damage classification system, indicating good agreement between the two metrics. Further ability of the tailing factor to score features of hair damage reflecting explosion conditions demonstrates the broad applicability of the metric to assess damage to hairs containing a diverse set of morphological features.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Bentonite Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Lendvai ◽  
Ákos Kmetty ◽  
József Karger-Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/bentonite nanocomposites containing up to 7.5 wt.% bentonite were prepared. Maize starch was plasticized with glycerol and water, in presence or absence of bentonite, in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the TPS/bentonite nanocomposites were determined and discussed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed a good dispersion of bentonite particles with some remaining agglomerates in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 μm. According to the tensile test results the tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased significantly with increasing bentonite content, however, at cost of elongation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of bentonite exerted little to no effect on the thermal stability of TPS.

A new aerophilic species of the genus Diploneis (Bacillariophyta) from the Mawsmai cave of Meghalaya, Northeast India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 443 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
CHINTAN BHATT ◽  
BALASUBRAMANIAN KARTHICK
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new aerophilic species, Diploneis mawsmaii sp. nov., is here described from a speleo-environment. The species is found on mosses growing under the water dripping region of Mawsmai cave, Meghalaya state of India. It is discussed based on detailed light and scanning electron microscopic observations and compared with morphologically similar Diploneis species like D. modica Hustedt, D. modicahassiaca Lange-Bertalot & A. Fuhrmann, D. boldtiana Cleve and D. zula Kulikovskiy & Lange Bertalot. Diploneis mawsmaii possesses distinct morphological features such as a largely expanded central area bearing a prominent circular to oval central nodule and the internal structure exhibiting short striation with acute ends and the flattening of longitudinal canals at the central area. This discovery increases our understanding of cavern biodiversity in the Indo-Burma hotspot region.

A revision of the taxonomy of Aphelenchoides stammeri Körner, 1954 (Rhabditida: Aphelenchoididae) and proposal for a new genus

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Gu ◽  
Lele Liu ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Scanning Electron

Summary During the present study, Aphelenchoides stammeri was recovered from pine packaging wood imported from Spain to China (isolate 3334), and was also later found in China (isolate CN24). The first population (3334) was characterised by 912-1075 μm long females and 803-983 μm long males, a rounded elevated and offset lip region separated from the rest of the body by a sharp constriction having fine annuli in scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, 14.0-19.3 μm long well-sclerotised stylet with a wide lumen (especially in the shaft) and small basal swellings, its conus forming ca 40% of the total length, the metacorpus with well-sclerotised and large central or slightly postcentral valve plates, vulva with no flap, functional rectum and anus, dorsally convex, ventrally bent conical tail (c’ = 3.3-4.3), males common with aphelenchoidid-type spicules having an elongate condylus with wide bluntly rounded end, a blunt rostrum and simple end, and seven precloacal + cloacal + caudal papillae. The SEM data of the studied Spanish population, the detailed light microscopic (LM) observations on previously reported populations and detailed studies of a cultured population from Germany, yielded new observations, supporting the status of this species as an independent genus. The phylogeny of the new genus was investigated using four markers, viz., small and large (SSU, LSU D2-D3), internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS) rDNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI mtDNA) genes. Potensaphelenchus n. gen. is proposed for the species and it is placed under the Parasitaphelenchinae based upon its morphological characters and phylogenetic affinities. The diagnostics of the new genus and its relationships with similar aphelenchoidid genera are discussed. Seinura lii is proposed as new junior synonym of Potensaphelenchus stammeri n. gen., n. comb.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopic Assessment of Stent Coating Integrity in Jailed Wire Technique for Bifurcation Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lijian Gao ◽  
Ce Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Yiqun Zhang ◽  
Zhan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Model ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stent Coating ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objectives. To assess the impact of different guidewires on stent coating integrity in jailed wire technique (JWT) for bifurcation treatment. Background. JWT is commonly adopted to protect side branch in provisional one-stent strategy for coronary bifurcation lesions. However, this technique may cause defects in stent coatings. The degree of coating damage caused by different types of jailed wires remains unknown. Methods. A fluid model with a bifurcation was established to mimic the condition in vivo. One-stent strategy was performed with three types of guidewire (nonpolymer-jacketed wire, intermediate polymer-jacketed wire, and full polymer-jacketed wire) tested for JWT. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate stent coating integrity and wire structure. The degrees of coating defects were recorded as no, slight, moderate, and severe defects. Results. A total of 27 samples were tested. Analyses of SEM images showed a significant difference in the degree of coating damage among the three types of wire after the procedure of JWT ( P < 0.001 ). Nonpolymer-jacketed wire could inevitably cause a severe defect in stent coatings, while full polymer-jacketed wire caused the least coating damages. Besides, there were varying degrees of coil deformation in nonpolymer-jacketed wires, while no surface damage or jacket shearing was observed in full polymer-jacketed wires. Conclusions. Although nonpolymer-jacketed wire has long been recommended for JWT, our bench-side study suggests that full polymer-jacketed wire may be a better choice. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Additional morphological notes on the male of Icius alboterminus (Caleb, 2014) (Aranei: Salticidae) with new distribution records from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15475-15480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv A. Prajapati ◽  
R.D. Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper includes additional detailed characters and new distribution records of the male of Icius alboterminus (Caleb, 2014) from India.  A detailed morphological description based on scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and illustrations of the reproductive organ are provided.

Treatment on Coconut Shell to Improve its Quality for Use as Coarse Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 1030 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
T. Thilagashanthi ◽  
K. Gunasekaran ◽  
K.S. Satyanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Scanning Electron

To improve the quality of coconut shell (CS) to use as coarse aggregate different treatment methods are given to CS. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ferrous sulphate (FS) were used as materials for treating the CS. Ten different types of treatments were considered from raw CS to treat with PVA and FS. Significant reduction of water absorbing quality on CS was found from the different types of treatment given. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were also taken and analyzed. SEM images obtained are exported into the software called ImageJ and analyzed in two different ways: one way is using 8 bits and other way is called RGB. An extract from the ImageJ software is given to support the results of treated CS aggregates. If the CS aggregates are treated, then no doubt that the water absorbing capacity of CS can be reduced.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Cell Surface

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toichiro Kuwabara
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
True Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Although scanning electron microscopy has a great potential in biological application, there are certain limitations in visualization of the biological structure. Satisfactory techniques to demonstrate natural surfaces of the tissue and the cell have been reported by several investigators. However, it is commonly found that the surface cell membrane is covered with a minute amount of mucin, secretory substance or tissue fluid as physiological, pathological or artefactual condition. These substances give a false surface appearance, especially when the tissue is fixed with strong fixatives. It seems important to remove these coating substances from the surface of the cell for demonstration of the true structure.

A scanning electron microscopic study on dissolving process of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
T. Kanetaka ◽  
M. Cho ◽  
S. Kawamura ◽  
T. Sado ◽  
K. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors have investigated the dissolution process of human cholesterol gallstones using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). This study was carried out by comparing control gallstones incubated in beagle bile with gallstones obtained from patients who were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA).The cholesterol gallstones for this study were obtained from 14 patients. Three control patients were treated without CDCA and eleven patients were treated with CDCA 300-600 mg/day for periods ranging from four to twenty five months. It was confirmed through chemical analysis that these gallstones contained more than 80% cholesterol in both the outer surface and the core.The specimen were obtained from the outer surface and the core of the gallstones. Each specimen was attached to alminum sheet and coated with carbon to 100Å thickness. The SEM observation was made by Hitachi S-550 with 20 kV acceleration voltage and with 60-20, 000X magnification.

A Comparative Study of Fractographic Replicas

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
Loren Anderson ◽  
Pat Pizzo ◽  
Glen Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Service Failures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Transmission electron microscopy of replicas has long been used to study the fracture surfaces of components which fail in service. Recently, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gained popularity because it allows direct examination of the fracture surface. However, the somewhat lower resolution of the SEM coupled with a restriction on the sample size has served to limit the use of this instrument in investigating in-service failures. It is the intent of this paper to show that scanning electron microscopic examination of conventional negative replicas can be a convenient and reliable technique for determining mode of failure.

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