scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Bentonite Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Lendvai ◽  
Ákos Kmetty ◽  
József Karger-Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/bentonite nanocomposites containing up to 7.5 wt.% bentonite were prepared. Maize starch was plasticized with glycerol and water, in presence or absence of bentonite, in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the TPS/bentonite nanocomposites were determined and discussed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed a good dispersion of bentonite particles with some remaining agglomerates in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 μm. According to the tensile test results the tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased significantly with increasing bentonite content, however, at cost of elongation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of bentonite exerted little to no effect on the thermal stability of TPS.

scholarly journals Automated analysis of scanning electron microscopic images for assessment of hair surface damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Chu ◽  
Deon S. Anex ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
Bradley R. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Damage Classification ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hair Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mechanical damage of hair can serve as an indicator of health status and its assessment relies on the measurement of morphological features via microscopic analysis, yet few studies have categorized the extent of damage sustained, and instead have depended on qualitative profiling based on the presence or absence of specific features. We describe the development and application of a novel quantitative measure for scoring hair surface damage in scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images without predefined features, and automation of image analysis for characterization of morphological hair damage after exposure to an explosive blast. Application of an automated normalization procedure for SEM images revealed features indicative of contact with materials in an explosive device and characteristic of heat damage, though many were similar to features from physical and chemical weathering. Assessment of hair damage with tailing factor, a measure of asymmetry in pixel brightness histograms and proxy for surface roughness, yielded 81% classification accuracy to an existing damage classification system, indicating good agreement between the two metrics. Further ability of the tailing factor to score features of hair damage reflecting explosion conditions demonstrates the broad applicability of the metric to assess damage to hairs containing a diverse set of morphological features.

Characterization and Properties of Nucleated Polylactide, Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and Thermoplastic Starch Ternary Blend Films: Effects of Compatibilizer and Starch

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasak Phetwarotai ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Biodegradable ternary blend films of nucleated polylactide (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) with the presence of nucleating agent and compatibilizer were prepared via a twin screw extruder. The effects of compatibilizer types and starch contents on the thermal, morphological, and tensile properties of these blend films were evaluated. Two types of compatibilizer (methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) and polylactide-graft-maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA)) were used for enhancing an interfacial adhesion of the blends, whereas TPS from tapioca starch was added as a filler at various concentrations (0 to 40 wt%). In addition, talc and PBAT acted as a nucleating agent and a flexible polymer were fixed at 1 phr and 10 wt%, respectively. The results indicated that the thermal stability of the blend films was affected from the presence of compatibilizer and TPS. In addition, the tensile properties and compatibility of PLA, PBAT, and TPS blends were improved with the addition of compatibilizer compared to uncompatibilized blend films as evidenced by SEM results. Furthermore, the blend films with MDI gave higher mechanical properties than those with PLA-g-MA at all compositions. The water absorption of the ternary blend films was evidently increased when the TPS amount was increased; in contrast, tensile strength and elongation at break (EB) of these blend films were significantly decreased.

A revision of the taxonomy of Aphelenchoides stammeri Körner, 1954 (Rhabditida: Aphelenchoididae) and proposal for a new genus

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Gu ◽  
Lele Liu ◽  
Joaquín Abolafia ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Scanning Electron

Summary During the present study, Aphelenchoides stammeri was recovered from pine packaging wood imported from Spain to China (isolate 3334), and was also later found in China (isolate CN24). The first population (3334) was characterised by 912-1075 μm long females and 803-983 μm long males, a rounded elevated and offset lip region separated from the rest of the body by a sharp constriction having fine annuli in scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, 14.0-19.3 μm long well-sclerotised stylet with a wide lumen (especially in the shaft) and small basal swellings, its conus forming ca 40% of the total length, the metacorpus with well-sclerotised and large central or slightly postcentral valve plates, vulva with no flap, functional rectum and anus, dorsally convex, ventrally bent conical tail (c’ = 3.3-4.3), males common with aphelenchoidid-type spicules having an elongate condylus with wide bluntly rounded end, a blunt rostrum and simple end, and seven precloacal + cloacal + caudal papillae. The SEM data of the studied Spanish population, the detailed light microscopic (LM) observations on previously reported populations and detailed studies of a cultured population from Germany, yielded new observations, supporting the status of this species as an independent genus. The phylogeny of the new genus was investigated using four markers, viz., small and large (SSU, LSU D2-D3), internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS) rDNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI mtDNA) genes. Potensaphelenchus n. gen. is proposed for the species and it is placed under the Parasitaphelenchinae based upon its morphological characters and phylogenetic affinities. The diagnostics of the new genus and its relationships with similar aphelenchoidid genera are discussed. Seinura lii is proposed as new junior synonym of Potensaphelenchus stammeri n. gen., n. comb.

scholarly journals Additional morphological notes on the male of Icius alboterminus (Caleb, 2014) (Aranei: Salticidae) with new distribution records from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15475-15480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv A. Prajapati ◽  
R.D. Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper includes additional detailed characters and new distribution records of the male of Icius alboterminus (Caleb, 2014) from India.  A detailed morphological description based on scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and illustrations of the reproductive organ are provided.

scholarly journals Thermal, Morphological, and Biodegradability Properties of Bioplastic Fertilizer Composites Made of Oil Palm Biomass, Fertilizer, and Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Harmaen ◽  
A. Khalina ◽  
H. Mohd Ali ◽  
I. Nor Azowa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Slow-release bioplastic fertilizer (BpF) composites were developed by processing oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), fertilizer, and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBv) using extrusion techniques with controlled formulation and temperature. The temperature was kept at 150°C for 3 to 5 min during processing using twin-screw extruder. The PHBv lost weight gradually with the increasing temperature and its thermal degradation occurred initially at 263.4°C and reached the maximum at 300.7°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the bonding of all composites created small gaps between matrices polymer and fiber because the hydrophilic characteristic of EFB fibers weakened the interfacial bonding. PHBv/EFB/NPKC2 showed faster biodegradation over PHBv/NPKC1 and PHBv/NPKC2, which was 99.35% compared to 68.66% and 90.28%, respectively.

Processing Technique and Property Evaluations of Chitosan Dressings

2014 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Ching Wen Lou ◽  
Zong Han Wu ◽  
Jia Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Antibacterial Assay ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study uses acetic acid as the solvent to make two different deacetylated chitosans into chitosan solutions (CS1 and CS2). A specified amount of chitosan solutions are evaporated at 55 °C for 30, 60, and 90 minutes, immersed in NaOH-NaHCO3(aq), and then freeze-dried to form six membrane types, CS1-30, CS1-60, CS1-90 ,CS2-30, CS2-60 and CS2-90. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation, a swelling ratio test, and an antibacterial assay are performed to evaluate the influence of differing evaporation times on the CS membranes. The test results show that membrane CS1 types have good properties. In particular, CS1-60 possesses an optimal swelling property and a maximum inhibition zone.

THE EFFECTS OF KENAF FIBER LOADING REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE AND NANOCLAY

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Kamarliah Kamardin ◽  
Yakub Md Taib ◽  
Anizah Kalam
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Microscopic Technique ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Electron Microscopic Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Injection Molded

The mechanical properties of hybrid composites which consists of polypropylene (PP), nanoclay (NC) and kenaf fiber (K) have been investigated. The size of kenaf fiber used was limited to 250-160µm with constant 6phr of NC. In this research, the K, PP and NC were blended in a twin screw extruder and then injection molded with the fiber weight fraction varying between 20-40wt%. The hybrid composited denoted as KPPNC specimens were tested using tensile and izod test according to ASTM D638 and ASTM D256. The consolidation of kenaf fiber into polymer matrix reduced the tensile and impact properties of the composites. The fractured surfaces of impact KPPNC composites were observed using the scanning electron microscopic technique.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Biodegradable Polylactide/Thermoplastic Starch/Nanosilica Composites: Effects of Plasticizer and Nanosilica Functionality

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Jeziorska ◽  
Agnieszka Szadkowska ◽  
Ewa Spasowka ◽  
Aneta Lukomska ◽  
Michal Chmielarek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Thermo Oxidative Degradation

The effect of plasticizer (polydimethylsiloxanol) and neat (SiO2) or modified (having amine functional groups) silica (A-SiO2) on morphology, thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of PLA/TPS blends compatibilized by maleated PLA (MPLA) was investigated. Toughened PLA/MPLA/TPS (60/10/30) blend containing 3 wt.% of plasticizer and various contents (1, 3, or 5 wt.%) of silica were prepared in a corotating twin-screw extruder. From SEM, it is clear that plasticized PLA/MPLA/TPS blend continuous porous structure is highly related to the silica content and its functionality. The results indicate that polydimethylsiloxanol enhances ductility and the initial thermal stability of the plasticized blend. DSC and DMTA analyses show that nucleation ability and reinforcing effect of A-SiO2on plasticized blend crystallization are much better than those of SiO2. Silica practically had no effect on the thermo-oxidative degradation. However, the composites with A-SiO2had better thermal stability than those with SiO2. Moreover, silica significantly improved the elongation at break.

Effect of Type and Concentration of Ionomer Compatibilizer on the Hdpe/ Ionomer/ Clay Nanocomposites Morphology

2010 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López-García ◽  
Saul Sánchez-Valdés ◽  
L.F. Ramos de Valle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Cloisite 20A ◽  
Scanning Electron

A study of the effect of an ionomer compatibilizer (surlyn® 9520 and 9721, both with zinc as the neutralizing cation) on the morphology and properties of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) - montmorillonite clay nanocomposite was carried out. The nanoclay used was cloisite 20A®. Polyethylene /Ionomer /Clay nanocomposites were prepared via melt mixing in a twin screw extruder. The nanoclay dispersion and exfoliation were examined through X-Ray Difraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). TGA was carried out to determine the effect of nanoclay on the thermal stability of the HDPE nanocomposites. Results showed that both ionomers impart a marked compatibility between the polymer and the nanoclay, promoting the exfoliation of the nanoclay within the HDPE matrix. Nonetheless, ionomer 9520 (with the higher degree of neutralization) at 10 and 12 wt% content produced completely exfoliated morphologies, whereas, the ionomer 9721 produced a lesser degree of exfoliation with few tactoids.

Treatment on Coconut Shell to Improve its Quality for Use as Coarse Aggregate

2021 ◽  
Vol 1030 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
T. Thilagashanthi ◽  
K. Gunasekaran ◽  
K.S. Satyanarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Scanning Electron

To improve the quality of coconut shell (CS) to use as coarse aggregate different treatment methods are given to CS. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ferrous sulphate (FS) were used as materials for treating the CS. Ten different types of treatments were considered from raw CS to treat with PVA and FS. Significant reduction of water absorbing quality on CS was found from the different types of treatment given. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were also taken and analyzed. SEM images obtained are exported into the software called ImageJ and analyzed in two different ways: one way is using 8 bits and other way is called RGB. An extract from the ImageJ software is given to support the results of treated CS aggregates. If the CS aggregates are treated, then no doubt that the water absorbing capacity of CS can be reduced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document