scholarly journals On the coefficient of viscous traction and its relation to that of viscosity

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (519) ◽  
pp. 426-440 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
Simple Proportion

When experiments are made on the viscous flow of pitch and other substances of similar character, in the form of rods or cylinders, by the torsional method, it is found that the rate of turning under torsion of these rods is not strictly proportional to the driving couple. Thus the rate of flow of the material under shearing stress cannot be in simple proportion to stress. If it is wished to investigate the exact law connecting the rate of flow with the shearing forces, by means of the torsional method, a complication is at once met with, arising from the fact that the rate of flow in a twisting rod is not of the same value everywhere, but necessarily varies from nothing at the centre to a maximum at the surface of the rod. With the view of developing a more suitable way of investigating the phenomenon, trials were made with different methods of observing the flow of such bodies, under conditions in which the said objection does not apply. The results obtained in these ways exhibit the same departures from linearity as was suggested by the results obtained by the method of torsion.

Anomalous Viscous Flow at Very Low Rate of Shear and Small Shearing Stress

1953 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Bergen ◽  
W. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Low Rate

The Viscosity of Raw Rubber

1937 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
Hugh M. Smallwood
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Simple Liquid ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
High Shearing

Abstract 1. Eyring's equation for the viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid describes Mooney's data satisfactorily for all except the lowest shearing stress. 2. From the standpoint of the present theory, the behavior at low shearing stresses may most readily be explained by any of the following assumptions: (1) the moving particle is larger at low than at high shearing stresses; (2) the rubber as a whole is less oriented by the lower shearing stress; (3) the distance “jumped” at the low shearing stress may be less than that at high stresses. 3. According to the present interpretation, the moving particle (corresponding to the molecule of a simple liquid) is larger than the rubber molecule. It does not seem profitable to interpret this finding as evidence for the existence of a rubber micelle. 4. Both the activation energy of viscous flow for this particular sample of rubber, and the factor determined by the spatial requirements which must be fulfilled by the moving particle, are much larger than the analogous quantities for low molecular hydrocarbons.

Origin of the alternate bright/dark contrast in HREM images of hexagonal crystals, particularly 6H-SiC

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
J.S. Bow ◽  
R.W. Carpenter ◽  
M.J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Zigzag Shape ◽  
Hexagonal Crystals ◽  
Dark Contrast

A prominent characteristic of high-resolution images of 6H-SiC viewed from [110] is a zigzag shape with a period of 6 layers as shown in Fig.1. Sometimes the contrast is same through the 6 layers of (0006) planes (Fig.1a), but in most cases it appears as in Fig.1b -- alternate bright/dark contrast among every three (0006) planes. Alternate bright/dark contrast is most common for the thicker specimens. The SAD patterns of these two types of image are almost same, and there is no indication that the difference results from compositional ordering. O’Keefe et al. concluded this type of alternate contrast was due to crystal tilt in thick parts of the specimen. However, no detailed explanation was given. Images of similar character from Ti3Al, which is also a hexagonal crystal, were reported by Howe et al. Howe attributed the bright/dark contrast among alternate (0002) Ti3Al planes to phase shifts produced by incident beam tilt.

Standardized Tendon Fenestration with Injection of Autologous Blood for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul Ki Goorens ◽  
Pascal Wernaers ◽  
Joost Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shockwave Therapy ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Injured Tendon ◽  
Satisfaction Rates

AbstractLateral epicondylitis (LE) of the elbow is often treated with conservative methods. Several techniques including injections with different substances are widely performed. No standardization exists. This prospective study describes the results of the short-term follow-up of 56 patients with mean age 48 years (range: 30–68 years) treated with the Instant Tennis Elbow Cure Medical device, which fenestrates the injured tendon in a standardized way through a holder of 12 small needles. Depth and position of the needles are determined beforehand by ultrasonography. Unprepared autologous blood was injected through the holder in the tendon. Visual analog pain scale (VAS) decreased significantly in rest by 61% and during activity by 47% after 6 weeks. VAS decreased significantly in rest by 79% and during activity by 66% after 3 months. VAS did not remain significantly different after 6 months. Satisfaction rates were 71% after 6 weeks and 82% after 6 months. This suggests that the therapeutical effect sustains and in some cases increases over time. Patient Related Tennis Elbow Evaluation score ameliorated after 3 months by 71%. Comparative studies are needed to confirm this effect versus other techniques as physiotherapy, shockwave therapy, and injections with other substances.

86. Mortality Patterns Among Industrial Workers Exposed to Chloroprene and Other Substances

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Marsh ◽  
A. Youk ◽  
J. Buchanich ◽  
N. Esmen ◽  
T. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Other Substances

Addiction and Liver Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Md Akmat Ali ◽  
Farida Yeasmin ◽  
MN Nag
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Medicine Today

Drug induced liver disease is a global problem. The aims of the study are to know the recreational drugs causing harmful effect on liver, epidemiology of addiction; pathophysiology and their consequences. The major findings published to date concerning different agents causing addiction and liver disease, their implications with regard to understanding disease mechanisms and their amplitude or spectrum are described. Addiction not only invites lot of sufferings to the family and the country, but also responsible for different types of liver disease including fatty liver, hepatitis and liver failure; responsible for mortality and morbidity. Among the addiction causing substances alcohol playing the main role for liver disease worldwide. Indirect effects of addiction on liver are hepatitis B, hepatitis C and their complication, mainly due to contamination of sharing needle. Majority of people in Bangladesh are life long abstainer. Excessive alcohol beverages and other substances like heroin, amphetamine are not harmless, rather they can cause serious liver diseases. There are some differences in prevalence of addiction and liver diseases among countries. Intravenous drug users are affected both directly and indirectly due to contaminated needle sharing . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v25i2.17926 Medicine Today 2013 Vol.25(2): 75-83

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