scholarly journals Photo-electrons and negative ions

1931 ◽  
Vol 134 (824) ◽  
pp. 427-444 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Normal Law

The normal law connecting the mobility ( k ) of a gas ion with the pressure ( p ) of the gas, is that the product pk is constant. More than 20 years ago Kovarik found that this product showed an abnormal increase in the case of the negative ions formed in air and carbon dioxide when the pressure was lowered below 20 cm. approximately; this result was interpreted as denoting a progressive diminution in the size and mass of the ion as the pressure is reduced. Some years later the author conducted an experimental investigation, from the results of which he concluded that at the lower pressures the carriers of negative electricity consist of two kinds, electrons and ions; the electrons come more and more into evidence as the pressure of the gas is reduced and travel freely under the influence of an applied field without becoming attached to molecules. From this point of view anomalous mobilities will be obtained at lower pressures unless the electrons are separated experimentally from the negative ions. The author found that, when this separation was effected, the mobility law, pk = const., remained valid down to the lowest pressure employed, viz., 0·15 mm.

scholarly journals It’s Our Fault: A Global Comparison of Different Ways of Explaining Climate Change

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schnegg ◽  
Coral Iris O’Brian ◽  
Inga Janina Sievert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Local Phenomenon ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Specific Factors

AbstractInternational surveys suggest people increasingly agree the climate is changing and humans are the cause. One reading of this is that people have adopted the scientific point of view. Based on a sample of 28 ethnographic cases we argue that this conclusion might be premature. Communities merge scientific explanations with local knowledge in hybrid ways. This is possible because both discourses blame humans as the cause of the changes they observe. However, the specific factors or agents blamed differ in each case. Whereas scientists identify carbon dioxide producers in particular world regions, indigenous communities often blame themselves, since, in many lay ontologies, the weather is typically perceived as a local phenomenon, which rewards and punishes people for their actions. Thus, while survey results show approval of the scientific view, this agreement is often understood differently and leads to diverging ways of allocating meaning about humans and the weather.

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacy Administration

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 903-905
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Einarson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Health Care Practitioner ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Pharmacy Administration ◽  
Separate Discipline

Clinical pharmacy administration has emerged as a separate discipline, but this new field has not been functionally defined. This article defines clinical pharmacy administration from an academic point of view and provides a framework within which it may be understood. It is an applied field of study that deals with the research, evaluation, and management of the patient, the drug, and the health care practitioner as they all relate to patient care. These entities and relationships are studied at the micro, macro, and global levels from financial, economic, managerial, legal, ethical, social, behavioral, educational, and historical perspectives. It is intended that this paper generate debate and discussion in order to refine and develop the field.

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