Magnetic susceptibility of alkali n -butyrates and isovalerates near their melting points

1975 ◽  
Vol 342 (1628) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Diamagnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Anion Binding ◽  
Melting Transition ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Clearing Point ◽  
Precursor Effects ◽  
Transition Behaviour

Various physical properties of alkali carboxylates can be used to study precursor effects immediately below or above their melting points. The present paper describes unusual pre-transition behaviour observed in the magnetic susceptibility of molten n -butyrates and isovalerates. This takes the form of a transitory enhancement of diamagnetic susceptibility, by nearly 10% in some cases, when the isotropic melt is cooled through the clearing point and into the mesophase region while a magnetic field (up to 1 T(10 4 G)) is applied. No corresponding changes are observed on taking the salt through the same temperature range but in the inverse direction. Again, no corresponding change is observed with an alkali carboxylate which shows no mesophase melting transition. Present findings can be accounted for on the assumption of cluster formation in the molten salts as these approach their upper melting points, which is also indicated by other evidence. The (transient) enhancement of molecular diamagnetism in this region of temperature may also indicate transient perturbations in the actual cation-anion binding near the transition temperature.

Magnetic Susceptibility of Alkali Elements

1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
K. Venkateswarlu ◽  
S. Sriraman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Magnetic Study ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibilities ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Alkali Elements ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

A vacuum Curie balance was specially designed for the study of magnetic susceptibilities at higher temperatures. With this apparatus the magnetic study of sodium and potassium was made at different temperatures ranging from 32° to 250°C. Special attention has been paid to the preparation of the specimen. Corrections for all possible errors have been made. The results point out that the susceptibilities of the metals increase with temperature both below and above their melting points. The temperature coefficients of the susceptibility of valence electrons of the two metals are in general agreement with STONER’S theory.

Novel Ionic Liquid Lubricants for Aerospace and MEMS

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Kinzig ◽  
Paul Sutor ◽  
Gregory W. Sawyer ◽  
Alison Rennie ◽  
Pamela Dickrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Melting Points

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are molten salts with melting points at or below room temperature. RTILs have recently been recognized as novel lubricants. Only a few have previously been evaluated.

scholarly journals Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Infinite Quantum Well

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Adam Badra Cahaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Quantum Well ◽  
Diamagnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Paramagnetic Materials ◽  
Quantization Formalism ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Paramagnetism and diamagnetism of a material characterized by its magnetic susceptibility. When a material is exposed to an external magnetic field, magnetic susceptibility is defined as the ratio of the induced magnetization and the magnetic field. A paramagnetic material has magnetic susceptibility with positive sign. On the other hand, a diamagnetic material has magnetic susceptibility with negative sign. Atomically, paramagnetic materials consist of atoms that has orbital with unpaired electrons. Theoretical study of paramagnetic susceptibility and diamagnetic susceptibility are well described by Pauli paramagnetism and Landau diamagnetism, respectively. Although paramagnetism and diamagnetism are among the simplest magnetic properties of material that are studied in basic physics, theoretical derivations of Pauli paramagnetic and Landau diamagnetic susceptibility require second quantization formalism of quantum mechanics. We aim to discuss the paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibilities for simple three-dimensional quantum well using first quantization formalism.

Optical Determination of Thermal Conductivity with a Plane Source Technique

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas E. Gustafsson ◽  
Nils-Olov Halling ◽  
Rolf A. E. Kjellander
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Plane Source ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Optical Determination

A recently developed plane source method for non-steady-state measurements of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of transparent liquids is now being applied to the study of molten salts. In these first measurements sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate have been investigated from their melting points to about 450°C. No temperature dependence of the thermal diffusivity can be established for either of the liquids, whereas the thermal conductivity in both cases increases very slowly with the temperature.A description of the experimental arrangement is included.

Notizen: Measurement of the Hypersonic Velocity in the Molten Salts NaCl and KCl

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-900
Author(s):  
Lena M. Torell ◽  
H. E. Gunilla Knape
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salts ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Hypersonic Velocity ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Molten Sodium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The hypersonic velocity of molten sodium and potassium chlorides has been measured over a temperature range of about 100°C above the melting points. The measurements were carried out at scattering angles 90° and 140°, cor­responding to a 6-10 GHz frequency range. No deviation from previous ultrasonic values of velocity was observed at these frequencies, indicating that the measurements were performed at frequencies lower than any relaxation fre­quency.

Tiefschmelzende nematische Eutektika / Low Melting Nematic Eutectics

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Steinsträsser ◽  
Ludwig Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Eutectic Composition ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Clearing Point ◽  
The Individual

Binary mixtures of homologous nematic N- (p-alkyloxybenzylidene) -p′-acyloxyanilines always show the same eutectic composition of 2 moles of lower melting and 1 mole of higher melting component. The melting point of such eutectics is more depressed with respect to the melting point of the individual components than their clearing point. This results in a marked broadening of the nematic range towards lower temperatures. It is therefore possible to obtain nematic liquid crystaline systems with melting points below 0 °C and mesophases of up to 120 °C.

scholarly journals The influence of molecular constitution and temperature on magnetic susceptibility

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (619) ◽  
pp. 395-397
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Magnetic Property ◽  
Crystalline State ◽  
Diamagnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Individual Molecule ◽  
Molecular Constitution ◽  
Liquid States

On the hypothesis that the molecules of liquid and crystalline substances are distorted by the forces exerted on them by the surrounding molecules, it may be expected that the transition from the liquid to the crystalline state will be accompanied by a change in the specific magnetic property of the substances to an extent dependent upon the nature of an individual molecule and its grouping with other molecules. If this change of specific diamagnetic susceptibility be noted by ∂א, we may write ∂א = אc - אl = N/H (∆M c - ∆M l ), wher אc and אl are the specific susceptibilities of the crystals and the liquid, and ∆M c and ∆M l are the diamagnetic moments induced in a distorted molecule of the crystalline and liquid states, respectively, by the application of a magnetic field H. N is the number of molecules per gramme of the substance. In the present investigations, about 20 organic substances, most of which are of an aromatic nature, have been examined and the results are recorded in Part I of the main communication.

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