The run-up of
            N
            -waves on sloping beaches

Anecdotal reports of tsunamis climbing up coastlines have often described the shoreline receding significantly before the tsunami waves run-up on the beach. These waves are caused by tsunamigenic earthquakes close to the shoreline, when the generated wave does not have sufficient propagation distance to evolve into leading-elevation waves or a series of solitary waves. Yet all previous run-up investigations have modelled periodic waves or solitary waves which initially only run-up on the beach. In our studies of these initially receding shorelines, we have found a class of N -shaped waves with very interesting and counterintuitive behaviour which may lead to a new paradigm for the studies of tsunami run-up. We will use a first-order theory and we will derive asymptotic results for the maximum run-up within the validity of the theory for different types of N -waves. We have observed that leading depression N -waves run-up higher than leading elevation N -waves, suggesting that perhaps the solitary wave model may not be adequate for predicting an upper limit for the run-up of near-shore generated tsunamis.

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Dispersive mudslide-induced tsunamis

Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics ◽

10.5194/npg-5-127-1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Rubino ◽

S. Pierini ◽

J. O. Backhaus

Keyword(s):

Solitary Waves ◽

Intermediate Phase ◽

Water Model ◽

Tsunami Propagation ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Open Sea ◽

Petviashvili Equation ◽

Wave Forms ◽

Generation Region ◽

Run Up

Abstract. A nonlinear nested model for mudslide-induced tsunamis is proposed in which three phases of the life of the wave, i.e. the generation, far-field propagation and costal run-up are described by means of different mathematical models, that are coupled through appropriate matching procedures. The generation and run-up dynamics are simulated through a nonlinear shallow-water model with movable lateral boundaries: in the generation region two active layers are present, the lower one describing the slide descending on a sloping topography. For the intermediate phase, representing wave propagation far from the generation region, the hydrostatic assumption is not assumed as appropriate in general and, therefore, a nonlinear model allowing for weak phase dispersion, namely a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, is used. This choice is made in order to assess the relevance of dispersive features such as solitary waves and dispersive tails. It is shown that in some realistic circumstances dispersive mudslide-induced tsunami waves can be produced over relatively short, distances. In such cases the use of a hydrostatic model throughout the whole tsunami history turns out to give erroneous results. In particular, when solitary waves are generated during the tsunami propagation in the open sea, the resulting run-up process yields peculiar wave forms leading to amplified coastal inundations with respect to a mere hydrostatic context.

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Experimental Investigation on Solitary Wave Interaction With Vertical Porous Barriers

Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4046194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Vivek Francis ◽

Balaji Ramakrishnan ◽

Murray Rudman

Keyword(s):

Energy Dissipation ◽

Solitary Wave ◽

Solitary Waves ◽

Wave Interaction ◽

Coastal Protection ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Porous Barrier ◽

Porous Barriers ◽

Run Up ◽

Solitary Wave Interaction

Abstract Tsunami waves pose a threat to the coastal zone, and numerous studies have been carried out in the past to understand them. Solitary waves have been extensively used in research because they approximate certain important characteristics of tsunami waves. The present study focusses on the interaction and run-up of solitary waves on coastal protection structures in the form of thin, rigid vertical porous barriers with special attention given to the degree of energy dissipation. To understand the physics of energy dissipation, solitary wave interaction with a porous barrier has been studied from the viewpoint of energy balance. Based on this, a relationship for the wave energy dissipation has been developed. The experimental data show that the plate porosity that gives the optimal energy dissipation lies within the 10–20% range. From the experiments, the phase shift that the solitary wave undergoes upon interaction with the porous barrier models has also been recorded. In addition, a formula is proposed for maximum wave run-up on the porous barrier, which should be useful in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of coastal protection structures.

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Tsunami run-up estimation based on a hybrid numerical flume and a parameterization of real topobathymetric profiles

10.5194/nhess-2017-445 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Íñigo Aniel-Quiroga ◽

Omar Quetzalcóatl ◽

Mauricio González ◽

Louise Guillou

Keyword(s):

Numerical Models ◽

Fluid Model ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Water Model ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Small Areas ◽

Prone Area ◽

Run Up ◽

Tsunami Run Up

Abstract. Tsunami run-up is a key value to determine when calculating and assessing the tsunami hazard in a tsunami-prone area. Run-up is accurately calculated by means of numerical models, but these models require high-resolution topobathymetric data, which are not always available, and long computational times. These drawbacks restrict the application of these models to the assessment of small areas. As an alternative method, to address large areas, empirical formulae are commonly applied to estimate run-up. These formulae are based on numerical or physical experiments on idealized geometries. In this paper, a new methodology is presented to calculate tsunami hazard at large scales. This methodology determines the tsunami flooding by using a coupled model that combines a nonlinear shallow water model (2D-H) and a volume-of-fluid model (RANS 2D-V) and applies the optimal numerical scheme in each phase of the tsunami generation-propagation-inundation process. The hybrid model has been widely applied to build a tsunami run-up database (TRD). The aim of this database is to form an interpolation domain with which to estimate the tsunami run-up of new scenarios without running a numerical simulation. The TRD was generated by simulating the propagation of parameterized tsunami waves on real non-scaled profiles. A database and hybrid numerical model were validated using real and synthetic scenarios. The new methodology provides feasible estimations of the tsunami run-up; engineers and scientists can use this methodology to address tsunami hazard at large scales.

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Estimates of Amplitude Characteristics of Tsunami Wave Run-Up in Various Areas of the Black Sea Coast

Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost pribrezhnoy i shel fovoy zon morya ◽

10.22449/2413-5577-2021-1-34-46 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Yu. Belokon ◽

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Sea Level ◽

Black Sea ◽

Tsunami Wave ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Wave Model ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Tsunami Propagation ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Run Up

This paper is devoted to computational modelling of tsunami wave propagation and runup to the shore for some points on the Russian, Turkish, Bulgarian and Ukrainian coasts of the Black Sea. The nonlinear long wave model was used to solve the problem of wave propagation from hydrodynamic tsunami sources, which can constitute the greatest potential danger for the studied coast areas. The hydrodynamic sources were set in the form of an elliptical elevation, the parameters of which were chosen according to the sea level response to an underwater earthquake of magnitude 7. All the sources were located in seismically active areas, where tsunamigenic earthquakes had already occurred, along the 1500 m isobath. Near each of the studied points in the area above 300 m depths, we calculated marigrams, i.e. time-series of sea level fluctuations caused by the passage of waves. Then, a one-dimensional problem of tsunami propagation and run-up on the coast was solved for each of the points under study, where the obtained marigrams were used as boundary conditions. Peculiarities of tsunami wave propagation have been shown depending on the bottom and land relief in the studied areas of the Black Sea. Estimates have been obtained of the sea level maximum rise and fall during surge and subsequent coastal drainage for the characteristic scales of relief irregularity at different points. For possible tsunamigenic earthquakes, the largest splashes may occur in the region of Yalta (2.15 m), Cide (1.9 m), Sevastopol (1.4 m), and Anapa (1.4 m). Tsunami propagation in the Feodosiya and Varna coastal areas is qualitatively similar, with maximum wave heights of 0.64 m and 0.46 m, respectively. The coastlines of Evpatoriya (0.33 m) and Odessa (0.26 m) are least affected by tsunami waves due to the extended shelf.

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Tsunami level disaster based on simulation scenario of earthquake modeling and seismicity in South Bali 2010-2018

International journal of physics & mathematics ◽

10.31295/ijpm.v2n1.88 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Fatmawati Fatmawati ◽

I Made Yuliara ◽

Ganis Riandhita ◽

Febriyanti Jia Kelo ◽

Audrey Vellicia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arrival Time ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Tsunami Modeling ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Average Value ◽

The North ◽

Simulation Scenario ◽

Run Up ◽

Hazard Level ◽

Tsunami Run Up

Bali is one of the areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis because it is located in the meeting area of ??two plates namely the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates located in the south of Bali and a back-arc trust zone located in the north of Bali. Research has been carried out on tsunami hazard level analysis based on scenario modeling and earthquake seismicity in southern Bali. This study uses earthquake data in January 2010 - July 2018. Tsunami prone areas in southern Bali are Klungkung district, Nusa Penida, Kuta beach, Sanur beach, Tabanan and Gianyar districts. The research conducted aims to determine the level of tsunami hazard by looking at the tsunami run up and arrival time in the southern region of Bali. This simulation model uses 1427 data which is then processed using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software so that seismicity maps are obtained, and tsunami modeling uses the Tsunami Observation and Simulation Terminal (TOAST) software. The results obtained from the tsunami modeling simulation in the form of altitude (run up) and tsunami wave arrival time (arrival time) which have an average value of 1,385 - 2,776 meters with an arrival time of 20-24 minutes. The tsunami hazard level is obtained in scenario A with a magnitude of 7.5 which has a maximum value of <1 meter (low) and scenario B with a magnitude of 7.8 has a maximum tsunami run-up value of 1-3 meters (medium) and in scenario C with a magnitude 8.0 has a maximum run-up of tsunami waves of 1 - 3 meters (medium).

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A MAP OF VULNERABILITY TSUNAMI AND PLAN EVACUATION IN COASTAL VILLAGE OF PARANGTRITIS SUB-DISTRICT KRETEK DISTRICT BANTUL DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Jurnal Kelautan Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology ◽

10.21107/jk.v10i2.2838 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Gentur Handoyo ◽

Agus A.D. Suryo Putro ◽

Petrus Subardjo

Keyword(s):

Tsunami Source ◽

Eurasian Plate ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Australian Plate ◽

Run Up ◽

Evacuation Routes ◽

Tsunami Run Up ◽

Evacuation Route ◽

Runup Height ◽

The Village

ABSTRACTThe tsunami often hitthe southern coast of Java several times, where Parangtritis located in that area. This is due to the meeting of Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate in the south of Java that results in a major tectonic tsunami source. Tsunami waves from this region takes 50 to 100 minutes to reach the beach. Considering the short span of time to self-rescue, than its necessary to concieve a map of vulnerability to the tsunami region to plan evacuation routes and tsunami temporary evacuation place (TES) tsunami incoastal village of Parangtritis. The material used as an object to study in this research is the vulnerability of the tsunami, tsunami runoff based on the runup height, the proposed evacuation routes and tsunami temporary evacuation place (TES) as. The result,village in Parangtritis is a tsunami prone areas with vast percentage of the tsunami-prone areas at 66.45%. When the tsunami run up reach 16m the affected area was 788.07 Ha. There are three proposed evacuation route through the Parangtritis roads, Depok roads and Depok-Parangtritis roads. There are 12 proposed temporary evacuation place which spread in the village Parangtritis. Keywords: Inundation, Plate, Runup

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Tsunami run-up estimation based on a hybrid numerical flume and a parameterization of real topobathymetric profiles

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-18-1469-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1469-1491 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Íñigo Aniel-Quiroga ◽

Omar Quetzalcóatl ◽

Mauricio González ◽

Louise Guillou

Keyword(s):

Numerical Models ◽

Fluid Model ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Tsunami Hazard ◽

Water Model ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Small Areas ◽

Prone Area ◽

Run Up ◽

Tsunami Run Up

Abstract. Tsunami run-up is a key value to determine when calculating and assessing the tsunami hazard in a tsunami-prone area. Run-up can be accurately calculated by means of numerical models, but these models require high-resolution topobathymetric data, which are not always available, and long computational times. These drawbacks restrict the application of these models to the assessment of small areas. As an alternative method, to address large areas empirical formulae are commonly applied to estimate run-up. These formulae are based on numerical or physical experiments on idealized geometries. In this paper, a new methodology is presented to calculate tsunami hazard at large scales. This methodology determines the tsunami flooding by using a coupled model that combines a nonlinear shallow water model (2D-H) and a volume-of-fluid model (RANS 2D-V) and applies the optimal numerical models in each phase of the tsunami generation–propagation–inundation process. The hybrid model has been widely applied to build a tsunami run-up database (TRD). The aim of this database is to form an interpolation domain with which to estimate the tsunami run-up of new scenarios without running a numerical simulation. The TRD was generated by simulating the propagation of parameterized tsunami waves on real non-scaled profiles. A database and hybrid numerical model were validated using real and synthetic scenarios. The new methodology provides feasible estimations of the tsunami run-up; engineers and scientists can use this methodology to address tsunami hazard at large scales.

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