scholarly journals Tsunami level disaster based on simulation scenario of earthquake modeling and seismicity in South Bali 2010-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Fatmawati Fatmawati ◽  
I Made Yuliara ◽  
Ganis Riandhita ◽  
Febriyanti Jia Kelo ◽  
Audrey Vellicia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Bali is one of the areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis because it is located in the meeting area of ??two plates namely the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates located in the south of Bali and a back-arc trust zone located in the north of Bali. Research has been carried out on tsunami hazard level analysis based on scenario modeling and earthquake seismicity in southern Bali. This study uses earthquake data in January 2010 - July 2018. Tsunami prone areas in southern Bali are Klungkung district, Nusa Penida, Kuta beach, Sanur beach, Tabanan and Gianyar districts. The research conducted aims to determine the level of tsunami hazard by looking at the tsunami run up and arrival time in the southern region of Bali. This simulation model uses 1427 data which is then processed using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software so that seismicity maps are obtained, and tsunami modeling uses the Tsunami Observation and Simulation Terminal (TOAST) software. The results obtained from the tsunami modeling simulation in the form of altitude (run up) and tsunami wave arrival time (arrival time) which have an average value of 1,385 - 2,776 meters with an arrival time of 20-24 minutes. The tsunami hazard level is obtained in scenario A with a magnitude of 7.5 which has a maximum value of <1 meter (low) and scenario B with a magnitude of 7.8 has a maximum tsunami run-up value of 1-3 meters (medium) and in scenario C with a magnitude 8.0 has a maximum run-up of tsunami waves of 1 - 3 meters (medium).

scholarly journals Tsunami risk levels mapping in Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
E P Anindia ◽  
E Hidayah ◽  
R U A Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
High Level

Abstract Puger sub-district is categorized as a tsunami-prone area because of its location in the South Coast, directly facing the Indian Ocean, which is the meeting point for two active tectonic plates. The active plate zone is prone to causing earthquakes that raise tsunamis. This article will describe the tsunami hazard and vulnerability level in Puger sub-district using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The method in this study uses a weighted overlay method. The weighting method is carried out to determine the level of tsunami hazard and vulnerability by following the weighting criteria in previous studies. Physical vulnerability criteria include land elevation, slope, beach type, land use, coastline distance, and rivers. The tsunami hazard level is determined based on the tsunami run-up map from previous studies. Based on the results of the risk mapping, it was found that there were five risk categories in Puger sub-district, namely the very low level (13.90 Ha), low level (271.99 Ha), medium level (7133.25 Ha), high level (644.22 Ha), and very high level (23.29 Ha).

scholarly journals Tsunami run-up estimation based on a hybrid numerical flume and a parameterization of real topobathymetric profiles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Íñigo Aniel-Quiroga ◽  
Omar Quetzalcóatl ◽  
Mauricio González ◽  
Louise Guillou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Abstract. Tsunami run-up is a key value to determine when calculating and assessing the tsunami hazard in a tsunami-prone area. Run-up is accurately calculated by means of numerical models, but these models require high-resolution topobathymetric data, which are not always available, and long computational times. These drawbacks restrict the application of these models to the assessment of small areas. As an alternative method, to address large areas, empirical formulae are commonly applied to estimate run-up. These formulae are based on numerical or physical experiments on idealized geometries. In this paper, a new methodology is presented to calculate tsunami hazard at large scales. This methodology determines the tsunami flooding by using a coupled model that combines a nonlinear shallow water model (2D-H) and a volume-of-fluid model (RANS 2D-V) and applies the optimal numerical scheme in each phase of the tsunami generation-propagation-inundation process. The hybrid model has been widely applied to build a tsunami run-up database (TRD). The aim of this database is to form an interpolation domain with which to estimate the tsunami run-up of new scenarios without running a numerical simulation. The TRD was generated by simulating the propagation of parameterized tsunami waves on real non-scaled profiles. A database and hybrid numerical model were validated using real and synthetic scenarios. The new methodology provides feasible estimations of the tsunami run-up; engineers and scientists can use this methodology to address tsunami hazard at large scales.

scholarly journals TSUNAMI HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN THE CASPIAN SEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
E. A. Kulikov ◽  
A. Yu. Medvedeva ◽  
I. V. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Tsunami Hazard Assessment ◽  
Run Up

The article describes the tsunami hazard assessment for the coast of the Caspian Sea, in particular for the Absheron Peninsula. Due to the high socio-economic load on the coast of this region by electric power and oil production industries requirements, it is necessary to take into account risks even for such extremely rare natural phenomena like tsunamis. An earthquake with M = 8 ± 0.2 can occur throughout the Caspian Sea region, including land, once every 216 years, while for the water area the frequency of occurrence of such an event is 1620 years. The article presents the results of a tsunami hazard assessment based on a deterministic approach for the Absheron Peninsula. This approach of the tsunami hazard assessing of an arbitrary part of the coast consists of selecting of the strongest observed (or hypothetical) tsunami event from a neighborhood and from a distant zone, of the subsequent estimation of parameters for model sources and, finally, of the numerical modeling of tsunami generation and propagation from these sources. It was obtained that with the propagation of tsunami waves from the north to the coast of the Absheron Peninsula, its height can reach 3‒4 m for some parts of the coast with run-up 500‒1500 m.

scholarly journals Tsunami run-up estimation based on a hybrid numerical flume and a parameterization of real topobathymetric profiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1469-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Íñigo Aniel-Quiroga ◽  
Omar Quetzalcóatl ◽  
Mauricio González ◽  
Louise Guillou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Abstract. Tsunami run-up is a key value to determine when calculating and assessing the tsunami hazard in a tsunami-prone area. Run-up can be accurately calculated by means of numerical models, but these models require high-resolution topobathymetric data, which are not always available, and long computational times. These drawbacks restrict the application of these models to the assessment of small areas. As an alternative method, to address large areas empirical formulae are commonly applied to estimate run-up. These formulae are based on numerical or physical experiments on idealized geometries. In this paper, a new methodology is presented to calculate tsunami hazard at large scales. This methodology determines the tsunami flooding by using a coupled model that combines a nonlinear shallow water model (2D-H) and a volume-of-fluid model (RANS 2D-V) and applies the optimal numerical models in each phase of the tsunami generation–propagation–inundation process. The hybrid model has been widely applied to build a tsunami run-up database (TRD). The aim of this database is to form an interpolation domain with which to estimate the tsunami run-up of new scenarios without running a numerical simulation. The TRD was generated by simulating the propagation of parameterized tsunami waves on real non-scaled profiles. A database and hybrid numerical model were validated using real and synthetic scenarios. The new methodology provides feasible estimations of the tsunami run-up; engineers and scientists can use this methodology to address tsunami hazard at large scales.

Tsunami Hazard of the Caspian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Medvedeva ◽  
Igor Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Seismic Sources ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Sea Coast

&lt;p&gt;A regional model of tsunami seismic sources in the zone of the Main Caucasian thrust has been developed. The parameters of probable models of seismic sources and their uncertainties were estimated based on the available data on historical earthquakes and active faults of the region. The scenario modeling technique was used for the tsunami zoning of the Caspian Sea coast. The time period covered by the model catalog of earthquakes used to calculate the generation and propagation of tsunamis is about 20 000 years, which is longer than the recurrence periods of the strongest possible earthquakes. The recurrence graphs of the calculated maximum tsunami heights for the entire sea coast were plotted. On their basis, the maximum heights of tsunami waves on the coast were calculated with recurrence periods of 250, 500, 1000 and 5000 years and the corresponding survey maps of the tsunami zoning of the Caspian Sea were created. The algorithm for calculating the tsunami run-up on the coast is improved, taking into account the residual (postseismic) displacements of the bottom and land relief. Estimates of tsunami hazard for the coast near the city of Kaspiysk were carried out: within the framework of the deterministic approach, the maximum wave heights and run-up distance were calculated. It is shown that the deterministic approach slightly overestimates the maximum heights of tsunami waves with certain return periods. It is shown that changes in the mean sea level can affect the features of the propagation of tsunami waves in the Caspian Sea. Thus, at an average sea level of -25-26 m, the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay is linked with the entire sea through a narrow strait. It leads to the propagation of tsunami waves into the water area of the bay and a decrease in wave height on the eastern coast of the sea. When the mean sea level decreases below -27 m, the positive depths in the strait disappear and water exchange through the strait stops, and the wave height in this part of the sea increases.&lt;/p&gt;

The run-up of N -waves on sloping beaches

1994 ◽  
Vol 445 (1923) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Asymptotic Results ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
First Order Theory ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Anecdotal reports of tsunamis climbing up coastlines have often described the shoreline receding significantly before the tsunami waves run-up on the beach. These waves are caused by tsunamigenic earthquakes close to the shoreline, when the generated wave does not have sufficient propagation distance to evolve into leading-elevation waves or a series of solitary waves. Yet all previous run-up in­vestigations have modelled periodic waves or solitary waves which initially only run-up on the beach. In our studies of these initially receding shorelines, we have found a class of N -shaped waves with very interesting and counterintuitive behaviour which may lead to a new paradigm for the studies of tsunami run-up. We will use a first-order theory and we will derive asymptotic results for the maximum run-up within the validity of the theory for different types of N -waves. We have observed that leading depression N -waves run-up higher than leading elevation N -waves, suggesting that perhaps the solitary wave model may not be adequate for predicting an upper limit for the run-up of near-shore generated tsunamis.

Analisis Pemodelan Tinggi dan Waktu Tempuh Gelombang Tsunami di Pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan Menggunakan Data Historis Gempa Bengkulu 12 september 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Dwi Pujiastuti ◽  
Rahmad Aperus ◽  
Rachmad Billyanto
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Coast Region

<p class="ISI"><strong>Abstract</strong> Tsunami modeling research has been done on the coast of Bengkulu using software L-2008 and Travel Time Tsunami (TTT). Earthquake historical data that used in this research is the earthquake in Bengkulu on September 12, 2007 which is obtained from BMKG and the USGS. This research is aimed to determine the height (run up) and travel time of the tsunami on the coast of Bengkulu as the tsunami disaster mitigation efforts. Tsunami modelling has been done by validate the run up using tide gauge  data in the area of Padang, Muko-Muko, and Kaur.  In this research used magnitude scenario are 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> and 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Local tsunami effect observed were 10 areas along the coast region Bengkulu. Tsunami modeling of Bengkulu in September 12, 2007 results the run up value which is close to the run up value of the measurements. From the modelling result obtained that the quickest area impacted by the tsunami is Enggano Island   which is 27  minutes 46  seconds from earthquake.  The highest tsunami run up value is located in the Bengkulu city. The run up values by using the scenario of magnitude 8M<sub>w</sub> is  2.07 m, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> is  4.05 m and 9 M<sub>w</sub> is 9.83 m.</p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpFirst"> </p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpLast"><strong>Keywords:</strong>   tsunami, modelling, software L-2008, software TTT, run up</p><p class="ISICxSpFirst"><strong> </strong></p><p class="ISICxSpLast"><strong>Abstrak</strong> Telah dilakukan penelitian pemodelan tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan menggunakan <em>software</em><em> </em>L-2008 dan <em>Travel Time Tsunami </em>(TTT). Data historis gempa bumi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gempa bumi Bengkulu 12 September 2007 yang diperoleh dari BMKG dan USGS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tinggi (<em>run up</em>) dan waktu tempuh gelombang tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami. Sebagai validasi digunakan data <em>run up </em>stasiun <em>tide gauge yang </em>berlokasi di Padang, Muko-muko dan Kaur. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan tsunami untuk mengestimasi tinggi <em>run up</em><em> </em>dan waktu tempuh penjalaran gelombang tsunami menggunakan skenario magnitudo 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8,5 M<sub>w</sub> dan 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Sebagai titik tinjau digunakan 10  daerah di sepanjang pantai wilayah Bengkulu. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan  bahwa nilai <em>run up</em>  tsunami  yang diperoleh mendekati nilai <em>run up</em> hasil pengukuran. Daerah dengan waktu tercepat dihantam gelombang tsunami adalah Pulau Enggano dengan waktu tempuh 27 menit dan 46 detik. <em>Run up</em> tertinggi terjadi di  Kota Bengkulu. dengan  nilai <em>run up</em> yang diperoleh adalah 2,07 m untuk skenario 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 4,05 untuk skenario 8,5 M<sub>w  </sub>dan9,83 m untuk skenario 9 M<sub>w</sub>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> :tsunami, pemodelan, <em>software </em>L-2008, <em>software </em>TTT, <em>run up</em></p>

scholarly journals Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widiyanto ◽  
Shih-Chun Hsiao ◽  
Wei-Bo Chen ◽  
Purwanto B. Santoso ◽  
Rudy T. Imananta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
The North ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Krakatau Volcano

Abstract. A tsunami caused by a flank collapse of the southwest part of the Anak Krakatau volcano occurred on 22 December 2018. The tsunami affected the coastal areas located at the edge of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. To gain an understanding of the tsunami event, field surveys were conducted a month after the incident. The surveys included measurements of run-up height, inundation distance, tsunami direction, and sediment characteristics at 20 selected sites. The survey results revealed that the run-up height reached 9.2 m in Tanjungjaya and an inundation distance of 286.8 m was found at Cagar Alam, part of Ujung Kulon National Park. The tsunami propagated radially from Anak Krakatau and reached the coastal zone with a direction between 25 and 350∘ from the north. Sediment samples were collected at 27 points in tsunami deposits with a sediment thickness of 1.5–12.7 cm. The average distance from the coast of the area with significant sediment deposits and the deposit limit are 45 % and 73 % of the inundation distance, respectively. Sand sheets were sporadic, highly variable, and highly influenced by topography. Grain sizes in the deposit area were finer than those at their sources. The sizes ranged from fine sand to boulders, with medium sand and coarse sand being dominant. All sediment samples had a well-sorted distribution. An assessment of the boulder movements indicates that the tsunami run-up had minimum velocities of 4.0–4.5 m s−1.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of Palu Bay during the Event of 2018 Palu Earthquake and Tsunami

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semeidi Husrin ◽  
Fatimah Yasmin Azahra ◽  
Joko Prihantono ◽  
Armyanda Tussadiah ◽  
Rizal Abida
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Simulation ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
2018 Sulawesi Earthquake ◽  
The City

The devastation of coastal area in Palu Bay few minutes after the September 28th, 2018 Sulawesi earthquake showed high variation of tsunami arrival time as well as the tsunami run-up and inundation. Recent findings showed that both local submarine landslides and the normal-slip components inside the Palu Bay may contribute to the generation of tsunami. However, the fact that the event occurred during high tide, the hydrodynamic characteristics of this narrow bay and their role in the dynamics of the generated of tsunami were unknown. Hydrodynamics simulation (Mike21-flow model) using the latest available bathymetry field data (the 2018 deep water of the Indonesian navy data and 2015 shallow water of the BIG data) was conducted to investigate the variation of sea levels and tidal currents within the bay during the event of earthquake and tsunami or within the first 8 minutes timeframe. Results showed that significant increase of water elevation up to 6 cm and current velocity up to 1 cm/s directed towards the city of Palu were observed that may contribute to the dynamics of the tsunami e.g. the speed of tsunami arrival time and the transformation of tsunami. Therefore, considering that multiple tsunami arrivals were in few minutes after the earthquakes, the hydrodynamics of Palu Bay during the event should also be considered in future tsunami simulation scenarios.

scholarly journals Assessing local impacts of the 1700 CE Cascadia earthquake and tsunami using tree-ring growth histories: a case study in South Beach, Oregon, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1971-1982
Author(s):  
Robert P. Dziak ◽  
Bryan A. Black ◽  
Yong Wei ◽  
Susan G. Merle
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
The North ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Abstract. We present an investigation of the disturbance history of an old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in South Beach, Oregon, for possible growth changes due to tsunami inundation caused by the 1700 CE Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake. A high-resolution model of the 1700 tsunami run-up heights at South Beach, assuming an “L”-sized earthquake, is also presented to better estimate the inundation levels several kilometers inland at the old-growth site. This tsunami model indicates the South Beach fir stand would have been subjected to local inundation depths from 0 to 10 m. Growth chronologies collected from the Douglas-fir stand shows that trees experienced a significant growth reductions in the year 1700 relative to nearby Douglas-fir stands, consistent with the tsunami inundation estimates. The ±1–3-year timing of the South Beach disturbances are also consistent with disturbances previously observed at a Washington state coastal forest ∼220 km to the north. Moreover, the 1700 South Beach growth reductions were not the largest over the >321-year tree chronology at this location, with other disturbances likely caused by climate drivers (e.g., drought or windstorms). Our study represents a first step in using tree growth history to ground truth tsunami inundation models by providing site-specific physical evidence.

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