Definition and properties of a Eulerian 3-terminal gyrator

2005 ◽  
Vol 461 (2056) ◽  
pp. 957-974
Author(s):  
John R Tippetts
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Ideal Element ◽  
Fluid Handling ◽  
Signal Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Process Fluid ◽  
Definition Of

The Eulerian 3-terminal gyrator is a hypothetical element whose novel features relate to systems dominated by dynamic forces. In mechanical linkages, turbomachines, flow networks and many other systems forces are proportional to the square of velocities. This square-law is fundamental in the Eulerian 3-terminal gyrator, unlike the linearity of the conventional gyrator. A gyrator embodies non-reciprocity and, without power loss, exchanges pressure-like and flow-like variables. The name derives from the gyroscope, for which torque and precession rate are linearly related if the gyro speed is constant, but this speed would have to vary to produce a square law relationship. Such so-called ‘internal modulation’ has been viewed askance in the definition of an ideal element. However, despite potential mathematical complexity, a neat definition follows from a coordinate transformation and mapping relating to 3-terminal elements. The resulting characteristics are well-behaved functions. Formulae are derived for the small-signal Z - and Y -parameters and these enable the non-reciprocity to be demonstrated. The large-signal characteristics are compared with those of a fluidic reverse flow diverter applied to process fluid handling. In general, the Eulerian gyrator is proposed as a natural prime element in analytical modelling because it builds in the modulation that must be applied to a linear gyrator in representing systems beyond the confines of electrical networks.

Power Fluidics—Amplifying Properties of Specially Designed Junctions

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Tippetts
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Impedance Matrix ◽  
Power Gain ◽  
Large Signal ◽  
Circle Diagram ◽  
Flow Diverters

Specially designed 3-terminal elements called flow-junctions (FJs) and ‘reverse flow diverters' (RFDs) are shown to have useful amplifying properties which are often unrecognised. These are described by relating the devices to ideal network elements using an indefinite circle diagram. The FJ is useful between two transformer-like states and at the mid-point of this range its utility is described by its impedance matrix. A circuit using an RFD is shown to give a large-signal power gain which compares favourably with an equivalent circuit using a vortex device.

Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de (1707–88)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wokler
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Evolutionary Hypothesis ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Races Of Mankind ◽  
Definition Of

Both as a scientist and as a writer, Buffon was one of the most highly esteemed figures of the European Enlightenment. In depicting the perpetual flux of the dynamic forces of Nature, he portrayed the varieties of animal and vegetable species as subject to continual change, in contrast with Linnaeus, whose system of classification based on physical descriptions alone appeared timeless. But Buffon’s definition of a species in terms of procreative power excluded the evolutionary hypothesis that any species could become transformed into another. Hybrids, as imperfect copies of their prototypes, were in his scheme ultimately destined to become sterile rather than to generate fresh species. By virtue of the same definition, he judged that the different races of mankind formed family members of a single species, since the mating of humans of all varieties was equally fertile.

Perspectives and Experience With Wet Gas Compression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant O. Musgrove ◽  
Melissa A. Poerner ◽  
Griffin Beck ◽  
Rainer Kurz ◽  
Gary Bourn
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Process Fluid ◽  
Separation Equipment ◽  
Definition Of

In oil and gas applications, gas-liquid mixtures of a process fluid are commonplace and the phases of the mixtures are separated upstream of pump or compressor machinery. Considering compressors, the separation of phases is important because the liquid causes the compressor to operate significantly different than with dry to affect the range, performance, and durability of the machine. Even with separation equipment, liquid can be ingested in a compressor by liquid carryover from the separator or condensation of the process gas. Additionally, there is no single definition of what is considered a wet gas. In this paper, the definition of wet gas from multiple applications is reviewed and a general definition for wet gas is formulated. The effects of wet gas on reciprocating, screw-type, and centrifugal compressors are reviewed to provide insight into how their operation is affected. The limited information for screw compressors is supplemented with multiphase effects in screw pumps.

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