scholarly journals Dispersal as a source of variation in age-specific reproductive strategies in a wild population of lizards

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1820) ◽  
pp. 20151741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Cotto ◽  
Manuel Massot ◽  
Ophélie Ronce ◽  
Jean Clobert
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
High Investment

Dispersal syndromes describe the patterns of covariation of morphological, behavioural, and life-history traits associated with dispersal. Studying dispersal syndromes is critical to understanding the demographic and genetic consequences of movements. Among studies describing the association of life-history traits with dispersal, there is anecdotal evidence suggesting that dispersal syndromes can vary with age. Recent theory also suggests that dispersive and philopatric individuals might have different age-specific reproductive efforts. In a wild population of the common lizard ( Zootoca vivipara ), we investigated whether dispersive and philopatric individuals have different age-specific reproductive effort, survival, offspring body condition, and offspring sex ratio. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we found that young dispersive females have a higher reproductive effort than young philopatric females. Our results also suggest that the early high investment in reproduction of dispersive females trades-off with an earlier onset of senescence than in philopatric females. We further found that young dispersive females produce smaller offspring in lower body condition than do young philopatric females. Overall, our results provide empirical evidence that dispersive and philopatric individuals have different age-specific life-history traits.

A Primer of Life Histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Academic Experience ◽  
Sustainable Exploitation ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Opportune Time

Life histories describe how genotypes schedule their reproductive effort throughout life in response to factors that affect their survival and fecundity. Life histories are solutions that selection has produced to solve the problem of how to persist in a given environment. These solutions differ tremendously within and among species. Some organisms mature within months of attaining life, others within decades; some produce few, large offspring as opposed to numerous, small offspring; some reproduce many times throughout their lives while others die after reproducing just once. The exponential pace of life-history research provides an opportune time to engage and re-engage new generations of students and researchers on the fundamentals and applications of life-history theory. Chapters 1 through 4 describe the fundamentals of life-history theory. Chapters 5 through 8 focus on the evolution of life-history traits. Chapters 9 and 10 summarize how life-history theory and prediction has been applied within the contexts of conservation and sustainable exploitation. This primer offers an effective means of rendering the topic accessible to readers from a broad range of academic experience and research expertise.

Calcium effects on life-history traits in a wild population of the great tit (Parus major): analysis of long-term data at several spatial scales

Oecologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy Albert Wilkin ◽  
Andrew G. Gosler ◽  
Dany Garant ◽  
S. James Reynolds ◽  
Ben C. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Calcium Effects ◽  
Term Data

scholarly journals Age-dependent effects of moderate differences in environmental predictability forecasted by climate change, experimental evidence from a short-lived lizard (Zootoca vivipara)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Masó ◽  
J. Kaufmann ◽  
H. Clavero ◽  
P. S. Fitze
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Age Dependent

Abstract Whether and how differences in environmental predictability affect life-history traits is controversial and may depend on mean environmental conditions. Solid evidence for effects of environmental predictability are lacking and thus, the consequences of the currently observed and forecasted climate-change induced reduction of precipitation predictability are largely unknown. Here we experimentally tested whether and how changes in the predictability of precipitation affect growth, reproduction, and survival of common lizard Zootoca vivipara. Precipitation predictability affected all three age classes. While adults were able to compensate the treatment effects, yearlings and juvenile females were not able to compensate negative effects of less predictable precipitation on growth and body condition, respectively. Differences among the age-classes’ response reflect differences (among age-classes) in the sensitivity to environmental predictability. Moreover, effects of environmental predictability depended on mean environmental conditions. This indicates that integrating differences in environmental sensitivity, and changes in averages and the predictability of climatic variables will be key to understand whether species are able to cope with the current climatic change.

scholarly journals Warmer temperatures attenuate the classic offspring number and reproductive investment trade-off in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20160101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Rutschmann ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Jean Clobert ◽  
Murielle Richard
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
The Common

Life-history traits involved in trade-offs are known to vary with environmental conditions. Here, we evaluate the response of the trade-off between ‘offspring number’ versus ‘energy invested per offspring’ to ambient temperature in 11 natural populations of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara . We provide evidence at both the intra- and interpopulation levels that the trade-off is reduced with an increase in air temperature. If this effect enhances current individual fitness, it may lead to an accelerated pace of life in warmer environments and could ultimately increase adult mortality. In the context of global warming, our results advocate the need for more studies in natural populations to explore interactions between life-history traits' trade-offs and environmental conditions.

Life histories of North American game birds: a reanalysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1906-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd W. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North American ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
The Cost

Recently, Zammuto (R. M. Zammuto. 1986. Can. J. Zool. 64: 2739–2749) suggested that North American game birds exhibited survival–fecundity trade-offs consistent with the "cost of reproduction" hypothesis. However, there were four serious problems with the data and the analyses that Zammuto used: (i) the species chosen for analysis ("game birds") showed little taxonomic or ecological uniformity, (ii) the measures of future reproductive value (maximum longevity) were severely biased by unequal sample sizes of band recoveries, (iii) the measures of current reproductive effort (clutch sizes) were inappropriate given that most of the birds analyzed produce self-feeding precocial offspring, and (iv) the statistical units used in the majority of analyses (species) were not statistically independent with respect to higher level taxonomy. After correcting these problems, I found little evidence of survival–fecundity trade-offs among precocial game birds, and I attribute most of the explainable variation in life-history traits of these birds to allometry, phylogeny, and geography.

Increased per-capita investment in egg production by female apple snails in the presence of predatory common carp

Behaviour ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Ichinose ◽  
Masahisa Tochihara
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Egg Mass Size

AbstractWe hypothesized that apple snails would change life-history traits in the presence of common carp to reduce or avoid predation risk. Carp of about 150 mm body length were released in small plots set in a rice field in southern Japan at 0, 0.2, or 0.6 carp/m2. Egg-mass size, proportion of hatched eggs, and duration of hatching of the snail were measured once or twice a week from July to September. Snails collected in traps were used to estimate both snail density by the Jolly-Seber mark-recapture method and distribution of shell lengths in each plot. The weight of the snail was regressed on a size-weight equation, and the snail biomass was determined by multiplying the estimated density and the regressed weight. The reproductive effort of the snails was calculated as the number of eggs divided by the biomass of adult females. The egg mass size and reproductive effort were significantly increased in the presence of carp. These increases were considered as life-history changes of apple snails in the presence of a predator.

Colonizing ability in the Echinochloa crus-galli complex (barnyard grass). I. Variation in life history

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1844-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer C. H. Barrett ◽  
Blake F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Colonizing Ability

A comparison of life history traits in four taxa of the Echinochloa crus-galli complex (barnyard grass) which differ in colonizing ability and weediness was made under various environmental conditions. The taxa were the alien var. crus-galli, a cosmopolitan weed; var. oryzicola, a crop-mimic restricted to rice fields; var. frumentacea, a crop domesticate; and E. muricata, a native of wetland habitats. Populations studied were from the Central Valley of California where the four taxa are sympatric but ecologically differentiated. All comparisons were made under uniform glasshouse conditions to isolate the genetic component of life history variation. Measurements of the patterns of dry weight allocation, time to flowering, reproductive effort, and seed production were made on individuals grown during different periods of the year under "stress" and "nonstress" conditions utilizing randomized multi-harvest designs.Developmental plasticity in allocation patterns and reproductive phenology occurred in all taxa in response to seasonality and nutrient stress although there were significant differences among taxa in the form of the response. Individuals germinating in August yielded less total biomass and allocated a smaller proportion to roots and a larger proportion to secondary tillers and seed than individuals germinating in April. In all taxa, except E. crus-galli var. frumentacea, a delay in flowering under long days resulted in larger vegetative biomass, lower reproductive effort, and where nutrients were limiting, inhibition of secondary tillers. Nutrient stress resulted in a delay in flowering, increased senescence rates, and a reduction in total biomass and reproductive effort. Although each taxon displayed a wide range of tactics, certain differences in life history strategy among the taxa were maintained. In all regimes E. crus-galli var. crus-galli flowered earlier, and exhibited a greater seed production and reproductive effort than var. oryzicola. In general, E. crus-galli var. frumentacea and E. muricata were intermediate in behaviour.Interpopulation variability in the life history traits of E. crus-galli var. crus-galli and E. muricata was measured in a single-harvest, completely randomized design using 10 populations of each taxon. Significant interpopulation variation was recorded within taxa in tiller height and number, aboveground vegetative biomass, time to anthesis, reproductive biomass, harvest index, seed production, and seed weight. Averaged over 10 populations, E. crus-galli var. crus-galli was taller during vegetative growth, flowered more rapidly, allocated a greater proportion of aboveground biomass to reproduction, and produced a greater number of seeds than E. muricata.Variation in life history parameters among barnyard grass taxa may explain differences in colonizing potential. In particular, the failure of E. muricata and E. crus-galli var. oryzicola to colonize open, seasonally moist sites in California where E. crus-galli var. crus-galli flourishes, may be due to their inability to reach reproductive maturity before the onset of summer drought.

scholarly journals Body reserves mediate trade-offs between life-history traits: new insights from small pelagic fish reproduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Brosset ◽  
Josep Lloret ◽  
Marta Muñoz ◽  
Christian Fauvel ◽  
Elisabeth Van Beveren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Gulf Of Lions ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Cost

Limited resources in the environment prevent individuals from simultaneously maximizing all life-history traits, resulting in trade-offs. In particular, the cost of reproduction is well known to negatively affect energy investment in growth and maintenance. Here, we investigated these trade-offs during contrasting periods of high versus low fish size and body condition (before/after 2008) in the Gulf of Lions. Female reproductive allocation and performance in anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) and sardine ( Sardina pilchardus ) were examined based on morphometric historical data from the 1970s and from 2003 to 2015. Additionally, potential maternal effects on egg quantity and quality were examined in 2014/2015. After 2008, the gonadosomatic index increased for sardine and remained steady for anchovy, while a strong decline in mean length at first maturity indicated earlier maturation for both species. Regarding maternal effects, for both species egg quantity was positively linked to fish size but not to fish lipid reserves, while the egg quality was positively related to lipid reserves. Atresia prevalence and intensity were rather low regardless of fish condition and size. Finally, estimations of total annual numbers of eggs spawned indicated a sharp decrease for sardine since 2008 but a slight increase for anchovy during the last 5 years. This study revealed a biased allocation towards reproduction in small pelagic fish when confronted with a really low body condition. This highlights that fish can maintain high reproductive investment potentially at the cost of other traits which might explain the present disappearance of old and large individuals in the Gulf of Lions.

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