scholarly journals Herbaria macroalgae as a proxy for historical upwelling trends in Central California

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1929) ◽  
pp. 20200732
Author(s):  
Emily A. Miller ◽  
Susan E. Lisin ◽  
Celia M. Smith ◽  
Kyle S. Van Houtan
Keyword(s):  
Data Streams ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Monterey Bay ◽  
Central California ◽  
New Information ◽  
Ecological Baselines ◽  
Upwelling Index

Planning for future ocean conditions requires historical data to establish more informed ecological baselines. To date, this process has been largely limited to instrument records and observations that begin around 1950. Here, we show how marine macroalgae specimens from herbaria repositories may document long-term ecosystem processes and extend historical information records into the nineteenth century. We tested the effect of drying and pressing six macroalgae species on amino acid, heavy metal and bulk stable isotope values over 1 year using modern and archived paper. We found historical paper composition did not consistently affect values. Certain species, however, had higher variability in particular metrics while others were more consistent. Multiple herbaria provided Gelidium (Rhodophyta) samples collected in southern Monterey Bay from 1878 to 2018. We examined environmental relationships and found δ 15 N correlated with the Bakun upwelling index, the productivity regime of this ecosystem, from 1946 to 2018. Then, we hindcasted the Bakun index using its derived relationship with Gelidium δ 15 N from 1878 to 1945. This hindcast provided new information, observing an upwelling decrease mid-century leading up to the well-known sardine fishery crash. Our case study suggests marine macroalgae from herbaria are an underused resource of the marine environment that precedes modern scientific data streams.

scholarly journals Using traditional ecological knowledge in discovery of rare plants: a case study from Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Molnár V. ◽  
Kristóf Süveges ◽  
Zsolt Molnár ◽  
Viktor Löki
Keyword(s):  
Rare Plants ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Information ◽  
Kitchen Gardens ◽  
New Locations

<p>Sustainable (and adaptive) management of natural resources is usually based on long term local experiences with nature. Local traditional communities often possess rich ecological knowledge connected to nature and traditional resource use and management. This knowledge can provide unexpected new information for researchers, and show new opportunities and ways for professionals in conserving rare and threatened species.</p><p>We found significant new populations of the rare <em>Ophrys lesbis</em> in a private area next to the settlement of Çamlık, Muğla, and <em>Orchis punctulata</em> in the graveyard of Kadılar, Antalya with the help of local rural people. We firstly report the replanting of some orchid species (<em>Orchis papilionacea</em>, <em>O. italica</em>, and <em>Barlia robertiana</em>) in kitchen gardens of Çamlık and Bayır, in Muğla Province.</p><p>The presence of significant orchid populations (e.g., the biggest ever found for <em>Ophrys lesbis</em>) in an area, where local owners have been actively harvesting salep from year to year for decades suggests that the moderate salep harvesting can be sustainable for long run. Based on our observations, Turkish salep harvesters can help botanists and conservationists find new locations of rare threatened orchid populations, and therefore indirectly help in conserve these populations.</p>

Students with mild intellectual disability engaging in proportions word problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462952093783
Author(s):  
Casey Hord ◽  
Kathleen Koenig ◽  
Janet Mannheimer Zydney ◽  
Anna F DeJarnette ◽  
Daniel P Gibboney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Word Problems ◽  
Individualized Instruction ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
New Information

The researchers conducted a qualitative case study to describe the experiences of two seventh grade students with mild intellectual disability as they engaged in mathematics word problems involving proportions. The researchers analyzed student performance in large group settings and with individualized instruction to gain perspective on the students’ tendencies with challenging mathematics content. During the teaching sessions in this study, one of the participants initially struggled with the proportions word problems, but demonstrated success after teachers connected new information in the tasks to students’ long-term memory and utilized gestures and diagrams to facilitate the students’ processing of information. Another participant succeeded more easily with proportions word problems which, along with the success of the other participant, provides support that students with a mild intellectual disability can succeed with challenging topics, such as proportions word problems.

Drawing Upon the Past: Temporal Ontology and Mythological Ideology in South-central Californian Rock Art

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
Central California ◽  
Temporal Ontology ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Central ◽  
New Information ◽  
Indigenous Society

The increasing influence of New Animism is providing useful ways of interpreting rock art as well as ways to move beyond generalizing models based upon Cartesian principles. However, the increasing attention to animism runs the risk of simply replacing one generalization with another. To avoid the pitfalls of generalization, this article sets out to explore the ways in which relational ontology may have been communicated throughout indigenous society in a specific case study from south-central California. To do this requires adopting a ‘third space’ approach (Porr & Bell 2011) to detail the didactic and pedagogical narrative roles of rock art and mythology in south-central California. Paraphrasing Bird-David (2006), the goal is to understand how an animistic epistemology is enacted into an institutionalized way of knowing. To do this, I look closely at new information on rock-art chronology in conjunction with mythological narratives. It is suggested that the vibrant pictographs of the region drew upon ontological notions of the past embodied at specific places in the landscape and that the narrative structure of myth helps inform our understanding of the narrative structure of rock-art composition. This provides an appreciation of indigenous perceptions of time, which in turn shows that mythology was a template for human institutions while explaining rock art as another ontological institution that was part-and-parcel of relational ideologies associated with ‘delayed-return’ complex societies of south-central California.

Caregivers' Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologist Talk About Child Language and Literacy Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni
Keyword(s):  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.

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