scholarly journals Sexual selection can partly explain low frequencies of Segregation Distorter alleles

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1959) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Keaney ◽  
Therésa M. Jones ◽  
Luke Holman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Female Remating ◽  
Segregation Distorter

The Segregation Distorter ( SD ) allele found in Drosophila melanogaster distorts Mendelian inheritance in heterozygous males by causing developmental failure of non- SD spermatids, such that greater than 90% of the surviving sperm carry SD . This within-individual advantage should cause SD to fix, and yet SD is typically rare in wild populations. Here, we explore whether this paradox can be resolved by sexual selection, by testing if males carrying three different variants of SD suffer reduced pre- or post-copulatory reproductive success. We find that males carrying the SD allele are just as successful at securing matings as control males, but that one SD variant ( SD-5 ) reduces sperm competitive ability and increases the likelihood of female remating. We then used these results to inform a theoretical model; we found that sexual selection could limit SD to natural frequencies when sperm competitive ability and female remating rate equalled the values observed for SD-5 . However, sexual selection was unable to explain natural frequencies of the SD allele when the model was parameterized with the values found for two other SD variants, indicating that sexual selection alone is unlikely to explain the rarity of SD .

scholarly journals Effects of Genotype and Light on Mating Preference in Drosophila Melanogaster

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Oakeshott ◽  
DL Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Mating Preference ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Visual Defect ◽  
Female Phenotype ◽  
Dark Regime

Patterns of mating have been investigated among yellow-bodied and white-eyed D. melanogaster. The relative mating success of yellow-bodied and white-eyed males was found to depend on both the light/dark regime and the phenotype of the female receiving them. White-eyed males were more likely to succeed in the dark 01' with white-eyed females. The effect of the light/dark regime probably reflected the visual defect in white-eyed males and the effect of the female phenotype was primarily due to strong avoidance of yellow-bodied males by white-eyed females. The overall pattern of mating indicated environment-dependent sexual selection and suggested several models for the experimental analysis of the relations between environmental and genetic variability. Possible implications for wild populations are also discussed.

MEIOTIC DRIVE IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. IX. SUPPRESSORS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTER IN WILD POPULATIONS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
The Difference

A population of Drosophila melanogaster in Madison, Wisconsin, has been screened for suppressors of segregation distorter (SD), an autosomal meiotic drive element found in the same population. Three kinds of suppressors were tested for: (1) Y-linked suppressors, none were found, (2) X-linked suppressors, whose frequency was found to be 85%, and (3) autosomal dominant suppressors, which occur in 45% of autosome complements.The frequency of X-linked suppressors is comparable to that found in a Japanese population; autosomal suppressors are much more frequent in Madison than in Japan (Katoaka, 1967). The similarity in the frequency of sex-linked suppressors may result from the meiotic drive shown by the suppressor-X itself; the difference in the frequency of autosomal dominant suppressors is possibly related to a higher frequency of SD itself in the Madison population.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSOR SYSTEMS OF SEGREGATION DISTORTER (SD) CHROMOSOMES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Hiraizumi ◽  
Anita M Thomas
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Heterozygous Male ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Carolina Population

ABSTRACT Several natural populations of D. melanogaster were investigated for the presence (or absence) of the Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosomes and their suppressor systems. The SD chromosomes were found, at frequencies of a few percent, in two independent samples taken in different years from a Raleigh, North Carolina, population, whereas no SD chromosomes were found in samples collected from several populations in Texas. The populations in these localities were found to contain suppressor X chromosomes in high frequencies (75% or higher). They also contained relatively low frequencies of partial suppressor or insensitive second chromosomes of varying degrees, but completely insensitive second chromosomes were practically absent in all populations examined. The frequencies of suppressor X chromosomes, as well as those of the partially insensitive or suppressor second chromosomes, were the same among the populations investigated. This suggests the possibility that the development of a suppressor system of SD in a population could be independent of the presence of an SD chromosome. Segregation distortion appeared to be occurring in natural genetic backgrounds, but the degree of distortion varied among males of different genotypes. There were many instances in which the SD chromosomes showed transmission frequencies from their heterozygous male parents that were smaller than 0.6 and, in several cases, even smaller than 0.5. The presence of a recessive suppressor, or suppressors, of SD in natural populations was suggested.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF ESTERASE 6 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. VI. EJACULATE COMPETITIVE ABILITIES OF MALES HAVING NULL OR ACTIVE ALLELES

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G Gilbert ◽  
Rollin C Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Competition Mechanism ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Male Genotype

ABSTRACT Recent studies of the function of the polymorphic seminal fluid enzyme, esterase 6, of Drosophila melanogaster suggested that it may act in the process of sperm displacement (Gilbert, Richmond and Sheehan, 1981a). This report examines the competitive ability of ejaculates from males homozygous for null or active alleles of esterase 6 under three experimental conditions that model aspects of sexual selection affecting males. The results demonstrate no significant difference in ejaculate competition between esterase 6 null or active male types, but marker males used for paternity identification had poorly competitive ejaculates. The proportion of second-male progeny, P  2, used as an index of competition is primarily influenced by second-male genotype and uninfluenced by female genotype. P2 can change with time from remating and be unaffected by different intensities of competition, which suggests a complex ejaculate competition mechanism.

Upgraded Railway Front Searchlight Design Plastic Deformations by its Vibrations with Resonance Frequencies

2016 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Rafaelevich Abulkhanov ◽  
Dmitrii Sergeevich Goryainov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Vibration Resistance ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
The One ◽  
Electric Lamp

Natural frequencies of the four upgraded front searchlight designs were received in ANSYS software environment. In the first case serial front searchlight incandescent electric lamp was replaced by a LED group which was mounted on the one-piece cylinder backing. The second front searchlight design had the backing which was upgraded by a radial ribs and concentric rigidity ferrules. Analyze of the backing deformation character by vibrations with the natural frequencies established a number of design solutions which make it possible to raise front searchlight vibration resistance. By the front searchlight model were established that the natural frequencies of the searchlight with the one-piece backing appertain to the whole range of the train vibrations. Natural frequencies of the backing with perforation, rigidity ferrules, and radial ribs appertain to the low frequencies of the railway locomotive vibrations spectrum. On basis of devised methodology of analyze of the deformation and natural frequencies of the surface carrying a LED group the vibration-proof searchlight design was introduced and researched.

scholarly journals The physical environment mediates male harm and its effect on selection in females

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1858) ◽  
pp. 20170424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yun ◽  
Patrick J. Chen ◽  
Amardeep Singh ◽  
Aneil F. Agrawal ◽  
Howard D. Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Male Choice ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

Recent experiments indicate that male preferential harassment of high-quality females reduces the variance in female fitness, thereby weakening natural selection through females and hampering adaptation and purging. We propose that this phenomenon, which results from a combination of male choice and male-induced harm, should be mediated by the physical environment in which intersexual interactions occur. Using Drosophila melanogaster , we examined intersexual interactions in small and simple (standard fly vials) versus slightly more realistic (small cages with spatial structure) environments. We show that in these more realistic environments, sexual interactions are less frequent, are no longer biased towards high-quality females, and that overall male harm is reduced. Next, we examine the selective advantage of high- over low-quality females while manipulating the opportunity for male choice. Male choice weakens the viability advantage of high-quality females in the simple environment, consistent with previous work, but strengthens selection on females in the more realistic environment. Laboratory studies in simple environments have strongly shaped our understanding of sexual conflict but may provide biased insight. Our results suggest that the physical environment plays a key role in the evolutionary consequences of sexual interactions and ultimately the alignment of natural and sexual selection.

scholarly journals Absence of reproduction-immunity trade-off in male Drosophila melanogaster evolving under differential sexual selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ali Syed ◽  
Vanika Gupta ◽  
Manas Geeta Arun ◽  
Aatashi Dhiman ◽  
Bodhisatta Nandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Trade Off
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document