scholarly journals On the existence of alternating diurnal currents of electricity at the terrestrial surface, &c., and their connection with the diurnal variation of the horizontal magnetic needle

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 682-684
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Northerly Direction ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Times ◽  
Complete Circuit ◽  
The Right ◽  
Magnetic Needle ◽  
Principal Lines

The observations recorded in this paper were undertaken in consequence of certain spontaneous deflections having been noticed in the needles of the Electric Telegraph on the Midland Railway. The telegraph is constructed on the principle patented by Messrs. Wheatstone and Cooke, and the signals are made by deflecting a magnetic needle placed in a coil, to the right or left, by means of a galvanic battery. It was observed that when no signals were passing, and when the wires of the telegraph had simply connexion with the earth at the two termini, spontaneous deflections, differing in amount and direction, occasionally occurred. It was also observed in the four principal lines of telegraph which unite at Derby as a centre, two of which proceed in a northerly direction to Leeds and to Lincoln, and two in a southerly direction to Birmingham and to Rugby, that the relative deflections of the four instruments were such as to indicate that when the current of electricity, which produced the deflection, flowed from Rugby northwards towards Derby, it was also flowing northwards in all the other three; and likewise, that when it flowed southwards in one, it flowed southwards in all; the times of the deflections being simultaneous or nearly so. There appeared to be no regularity as to the hours, either during the day or night, at which these deflections occurred. Atmospheric electricity also affected the instruments, but in general only by sudden and violent effects during thunder storms, sometimes reversing the poles of the needles contained in the coils, and sometimes fusing the wire of the coil itself. But the effects first mentioned appeared to arise from a different cause; and from the great extent of line affected simultaneously by currents in the same direction, it appeared impossible they could arise from local atmospheric influences. On the night of Friday the 19th of March, there appeared a brilliant aurora, and during the whole time of its remaining visible, rapidly alternating deflections were exhibited in the telegraph instruments. The occurrence of these phenomena induced the author, with deflectometers of very delicate construction, to make a series of experiments, from which the following results were deduced. Wires insulated throughout, and wires having only one connexion with the earth, produced no deflection; and a complete circuit made by uniting both extremities of two wires, each forty-one miles long, but insulated throughout, produced no deflection. In every case, however, a deflection was obtained on a wire having both ends connected with the earth, which deflection was continually varying in amount and sometimes in direction.

scholarly journals XXV. A letter from Mr. William Mountayne, F. R. S. to the Right Honourable James Earl of Morton, President of the Royal Society, containing some observations on the variation of the magnetic needle, made on board the Montagu Man of War, in the years 1760, 1761, and 1762, by Mr. David Ross, Surgeon

1766 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Magnetic Needle

My Lord, The following tables I have compared with the variation chart, published in the year 1756, and so find that they agree pretty well in general, making allowance for the time elapsed: it is true, that, in some few places in the Atlantic Ocean, they differ; yet this may probably arise, as is often the case, from an error in the Montagu's supposed longitude, where such observations were made. But the greatest difference (a greater than should arise, I think, according to common course) appears upon the coast of Portugal, Cape Saint Vincent, and about Gibraltar, near and within sight of land, where the observations are ascertained to the spot. Hence, if mine observed about the year 1756, and those of Mr. Ross's, were both near the truth, at the respective times when they were taken, I know not how to account for this considerable encrease, unless those late extraordinary convulsions, in the bowels of the earth, upon those several coasts, may be found, by further experiments, to have there influenced the directions of the magnetic needle.

scholarly journals On the determination of the difference of longitude, by means of the magnetic telegraph. By Elias Loomie, Esq., in a letter to Lieut.-Col. Sabine, R. A., For. Sec. R. S. Communicated by Lieut.-Col. Sabine, R. A., For. Sec. R. S

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 787-789
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Usual Manner ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Pieces ◽  
Right Ascension ◽  
Source Of Error

The writer first refers to a series of experiments made under the direction of Professor Bache, for the determination of the difference of longitude between New York, Philadelphia and Washington, by means of the magnetic telegraph. By this series of experiments he considers it established that, by means of Morse’s telegraph, two clocks distant from each other 200 miles, can be compared together with the same precision as if they were placed side by side; and that the difference of longitude of two places can be determined with the same precision as the relative error of the clocks. These results were so satisfactory that Professor Bache determined to pro­secute them more extensively, and during the past summer comparisons have been made between New York and Cambridge observatory near Boston. The plan of operation this season was more matured than during the former. The comparisons were all made between a solar chronometer at Cambridge and a sidereal clock at New York. At ten o’clock in the evening, the two observatories having been put in telegraphic communication, when the seconds hand of the solar chronometer came round to 60 s , a signal was given at Cambridge, by pressing the key of the telegraph-register; at the same instant a click was heard at New York, and the time was recorded according to the sidereal clock. At the end of 10 s a second signal was given, which was also recorded at New York; at the end of another 10 s a third signal was given, and so on for sixty seconds. The Cambridge astronomer then commenced beating seconds by striking the key of the telegraph-register in coincidence with the beats of his chronometer. The New York astronomer compared the signals received with the beats of his clock, and waited for a coincidence. When the beats were sensibly synchronous the time was recorded, and the astronomer waited six minutes for another coincidence of beats. The Cambridge astronomer continued beating seconds for fifteen minutes , during which time the New York observer was sure of two coincidences, and might obtain three. When these were concluded, the New York astronomer in the same manner gave signals for one minute at intervals of 10 s , and then beat seconds for fifteen minutes, during which time the Cambridge astronomer obtained four or five coincidences upon his chronometer. This mode of comparison was practised every night, and it is considered that the uncertainty in the comparison of the time-pieces cannot exceed two or three hundredths of a second on any night; and in a series of comparisons the error may be regarded as entirely eliminated. Another mode of comparison which was practised is that of telegraphing star transits. A list of stars which culminate near our zenith at intervals of five or six minutes was prepared, and the observers, both at New York and Cambridge, were furnished with a copy. They then proceeded as follows: Cambridge selected two stars from the list, which we wall call A and B, and struck the key of his register at the instant when the star A passed each of the seven wires of his transit. These signals were heard at New York, and the times recorded. Cambridge then observed the transit of star B in the ordinary manner without telegraphing. New York then observed the transit of star A on his meridian in the usual manner; and struck his key at the instant the star B passed each of the seven wires of his transit, which signals were heard and recorded at Cambridge. The difference of longitude between New York and Cambridge is nearly twelve minutes, affording ample time for all these observations. Thus New York obtained upon his own clock the times of transit of star A over the meridians of Cambridge and New York; and Cambridge obtained upon his chronometer the times of transit of star B over the same meridians. The difference of these times gives the difference of longitude independent of the right ascension of the stars. Both observers then reversed the axis of their transit instruments; Cambridge selected a second pair of stars from the list, and the same series of observations was repeated as with the first pair. The error of collimation was thus eliminated, and by confining the observations to stars within about five degrees of the zenith, the influence of azimuthal error was avoided. The level being read at every reversal, the correction for it was applied by computation. In this manner it is hoped to eliminate every possible source of error, except that which arises from the personal habits of the observers. In order to eliminate this error, a travelling observer worked for a time at Cambridge and compared with the Cambridge astronomer; then came to New York and compared with the New York astronomer; then returned to Cambridge again, and so on as often as was thought necessary. Finally, at the conclusion of the campaign all the observers were to meet at Cambridge and make a general comparison of their modes of observation.

scholarly journals XVI. On magnetic influence in the solar rays

1826 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 219-239 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Fine Hair ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Times ◽  
Magnetic Needle ◽  
Solar Rays

The object of the present communication is to show, by a series of experiments, that the solar rays possess sensible magnetic properties, which are observable in the vibrations of a magnetised needle exposed to those rays, independently of the effects produced by the heat which they impart. I propose likewise to point out the changes which take place in the intensity of a magnetised needle from changes of temperature, as deducible from the times of its vibration. I have before stated in my paper on the effects of temperature on the intensity of magnetic forces , that, in deducing the terrestrial magnetic intensity by means of the vibrations of a needle, a correction ought to be introduced where the observations have been made at different temperatures. I had not at the time made any experiments by which I could ascertain how far changes in the temperature of a needle would be sensible in the time of its vibration; and the first observations which I made with this view being with a light needle, did not give very decided results: they however led me first to notice the very singular fact, that a magnetic needle comes to rest more quickly when vibrated exposed to the rays of the sun, than when vibrated in the shade. In order to ascertain the effect which changes of temperature have on the times of vibration of a needle, it is necessary to know the temperature of the needle itself during the observations, and I saw no better means of ascertaining this, even approximately, than to vibrate it in the shade and then exposed to the rays of the sun, and to consider the temperature of the needle to be that indicated by a thermometer near to it. On my first doing this, I found, that although I could easily mark the 50th vibration when the needle was shaded, I could not distinguish beyond the 40th when it was exposed. I at the same time found that the time of vibration was slightly diminished at the higher temperature, instead of being increased, as I had reason to expect. As however the needle was not vibrated in the same spot in the two cases, the diminution in the time of vibration and of the arc when it was exposed, might be independent of the change of temperature and of any influence in the solar rays. To avoid any uncertainty arising from difference of disturbing causes in two situations, I placed the compass out of doors, with a screen composed intirely of wood, supported at the height of four feet above it, and by removing which the rays of the sun struck directly on the needle. A thermometer having the bulb near to the compass-box indicated nearly the temperature of the needle. When the shutter was up, so that the needle vibrated in the shade, I could very distinctly note the 100th vibration; but when it was removed and the needle vibrated exposed to the sun's rays, I could not so distinctly mark the 75th. I made use of a needle six inches long, weighing 42.75 grains, and contained in a brass compass-box with a glass cover: the needle was suspended by a fine hair, and commenced vibrating 30° from zero.

scholarly journals Discussion of the magnetical observations made by Captain Back, R. N., during his late arctic expedition

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 400-400
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Magnetic Intensity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Times ◽  
Magnetic Meridian ◽  
Magnetic Poles

The author proceeds, in this paper, which is a sequel to his former communication, to discuss the observations made by Captain Back re­lating to the magnetic intensity, and which were of two kinds; the first, obtained by noting the times of vibration of a needle in the plane of the magnetic meridian; the second, by noting the times of vibra­tion of three needles suspended horizontally according to the method of Hansteen. The results are given in the form of tables. Before deducing results from these observations, the author de­scribes a series of experiments instituted with each needle, for the purpose of determining the corrections necessary to be applied in order to reduce the intensities, which would result from observations made at different temperatures, to intensities at a standard tempera­ture; and he gives formulæ for these corrections. He then determines the relative terrestrial magnetic intensities, at the several stations where observations were made, from the times of vibration of the dip­ping needle in the plane of the meridian, applying the corrections which he had obtained for difference of tem perature; and gives the results in tables. A comparison is instituted between these results and a formula derived from the hypothesis of two magnetic poles not far removed from the centre of the earth. The author considers that this comparison is quite conclusive against the correctness of the for­mulæ, and consequently of the hypothesis itself, if applied to the re­sults deduced from the observations in London, in conjunction with those in America; but that, in the tract of country comprised by Capt. Back’s observations from New York to the Arctic Sea, the phenomena of terrestrial magnetic intensity are very correctly represented by the formula in question.

Ameloblastic Fibroma Associated With Impacted 3rd Molar: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
K Indira Priyadarshini ◽  
Karthik Raghupathy ◽  
K V Lokesh ◽  
B Venu Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Dental Eruption ◽  
Ameloblastic Fibroma ◽  
Odontogenic Origin ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Slow Growing

Ameloblastic fibroma is an uncommon mixed neoplasm of odontogenic origin with a relative frequency between 1.5 – 4.5%. It can occur either in the mandible or maxilla, but predominantly seen in the posterior region of the mandible. It occurs in the first two decades of life. Most of the times it is associated with tooth enclosure, causing a delay in eruption or altering the dental eruption sequence. The common clinical manifestation is a slow growing painless swelling and is detected during routine radiographic examination. There is controversy in the mode of treatment, whether conservative or aggressive. Here we reported a 38 year old male patient referred for evaluation of painless swelling on the right posterior region of the mandible associated with clinically missing 3rd molar. The lesion was completely enucleated under general anesthesia along with the extraction of impacted molar.

Agree to Disagree: Towards A Peaceful Co-Existence amongst Multi-Religious Community (Setuju untuk Tidak Bersetuju: Kearah Kehidupan Aman Ber-sama Dikalangan Masyarakat Berbilang Agama)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-267
Author(s):  
Maulana Akbar Shah @ U Tun Aung ◽  
Mohammed Farid Ali ◽  
Muhammad Adil Khan Afridi
Keyword(s):  
Hard Work ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right

Abstract Since the number of intricate problems with regard to peace and security faced by mankind on our sphere has been greater than what they can bear, the survival of human race on earth becomes a significant priority to be contemplated. Despite hard work and continued effort rendered by many experts, they face more serious issues and their resolutions are far from reality. It is because, in the author’s mind, rights and responsibilities are not properly observed. Particularly, in the area of religion people have lack of respecting the right of others and most of the times they are irresponsible. Every individual has their own choices according to their culture and belief which may not be acceptable to others. If every individual allows others to enjoy at their own choice while observing his own belief and tradition, we all can live in this world peacefully. This concept of living together with individual choice while respecting other’s choice may be called the concept of “agree to disagree” according to the author’s work. This ideology, which is yet to be well observed in our society, can surely replace violence with peaceful co-existence in the multi-religious and multi-cultural societies.   Keywords: Agree to Disagree, Mankind, Religious Dispute, Multi-Cultural Societies, peaceful Co-Existence. Abstrak Sejak masalah berkaitan dengan keharmonian dan keselamatan yang dialami manusia melebihi yang boleh ditanggung, kehidupan manusia di dunia ini menjadi satu keutamaan  yang perlu dipertimbangkan. Walaupun banyak usaha dan langkah diambil oleh pihak pakar, mereka mengalami masalah lain yang lebih serius dan resolusi mereka adalah jauh dari matlamat. Ini kerana, dalam minda pengarang, hak dan tanggungjawab tidak diperhatikan dengan betul. Terutamanya dalam hal agama, orang kekurangan kehormatan terhadap hak orang lain dan kebanyakkannya adalah tidak bertanggungjawab. Setiap individu mempunyai kepercayaan dan hak masing-masing yang tidak boleh diterima oleh yang lain. Jika setiap individu membenarkan yang lain untuk mempunyai kepercayaan dan hak masing-masing, manusia semua boleh hidup dengan aman. Konsep ini boleh dipanggil sebagai konsep “setuju untuk tidak bersetuju” menurut kajian pengarang. Ideologi ini, yang masih belum diperhatikan dengan sepenuhnya dalam masyarakat kita, pasti boleh menggantikan keganasan dengan kehidupan aman bersama dalam masyarakat berbilang kaum dan budaya. Kata Kunci: Setuju untuk Tidak Bersetuju, Manusia, Pertikaian Agama, Masyarakat Berbilang Agama, Kehidupan Aman Bersama.

A Machine Learning Application for Raising WASH Awareness in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Pandey ◽  
Vaibhav Gautam ◽  
Ridam Pal ◽  
Harsh Bandhey ◽  
Lovedeep Singh Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
User Feedback ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Local Languages

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the potential of digital misinformation in shaping the health of nations. The deluge of unverified information that spreads faster than the epidemic itself is an unprecedented phenomenon that has put millions of lives in danger. Mitigating this ‘Infodemic’ requires strong health messaging systems that are engaging, vernacular, scalable, effective and continuously learn the new patterns of misinformation. OBJECTIVE We created WashKaro, a multi-pronged intervention for mitigating misinformation through conversational AI, machine translation and natural language processing. WashKaro provides the right information matched against WHO guidelines through AI, and delivers it in the right format in local languages. METHODS We theorize (i) an NLP based AI engine that could continuously incorporate user feedback to improve relevance of information, (ii) bite sized audio in the local language to improve penetrance in a country with skewed gender literacy ratios, and (iii) conversational but interactive AI engagement with users towards an increased health awareness in the community. RESULTS A total of 5026 people who downloaded the app during the study window, among those 1545 were active users. Our study shows that 3.4 times more females engaged with the App in Hindi as compared to males, the relevance of AI-filtered news content doubled within 45 days of continuous machine learning, and the prudence of integrated AI chatbot “Satya” increased thus proving the usefulness of an mHealth platform to mitigate health misinformation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a multi-pronged machine learning application delivering vernacular bite-sized audios and conversational AI is an effective approach to mitigate health misinformation. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

scholarly journals Report of magnetic experiments tried on board an iron steam-vessel, by order of the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 378-380
Keyword(s):  
Malleable Iron ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Magnetic Needle

This report commences with a description of the iron steam-vessel, the “Garryowen,” belonging to the City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, and built by the Messrs. Laird, of Liverpool. She is constructed of malleable iron, is 281 tons burthen, and draws only 5 1/4 feet water, although the weight of iron in the hull, machinery, &c. is 180 tons. This vessel was placed under the directions of the author, in Tarbert Bay, on the Shannon, on the 19th of October, 1835, for the purpose of investigating its local attractions on the compass. The methods which were adopted with that view are given ; together with tables of the results of the several experiments, and plans of the various parts of the Garryowen. The horizontal deflections of the magnetic needle at different situations in the vessel were observed, for the purpose of ascertaining the most advantageous place for a steering compass, and also for the application of Professor Barlow’s correcting plate : and the dip and intensity in these situations were, at the same time, noted.

IV. On the determination of the scale value of a Thomson’s quadrant electrometer used for registering the variations in atmospheric electricity at the Kew Observatory

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The Meteorological Council, being desirous of discussing the photographic traces produced by their electrograph at the Kew Observatory some time since, requested the Kew Committee to institute a series of experiments, with the view of determining the scale value of the instrument, in order to prepare a suitable scale for measuring the curves. The Kew Committee, at their meeting in November, entrusted the matter to me, and accordingly, having obtained the loan of a battery of 300 Bunsen cells, some preliminary experiments were made, which showed that the greatest potential which could be obtained with them was very inadequate for the purpose.

Political Autobiography and the Art of the Plausible: R. A. Butler at the Foreign Office, 1938–1939

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Suez Crisis ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Enoch Powell

R. A. Butler has been one of the outstanding figures in twentieth-century British politics. After his death The Times described him as ‘the creator of the modern educational system, the key-figure in the revival of post-war Conservatism, arguably the most successful chancellor since the war and un-questionably a Home Secretary of reforming zeal’. His record of achievement was unequalled by his rivals in the contests for the party leadership in 1957 and in 1963, but on both occasions the leadership eluded him. How and why this happened was understandably of the greatest interest to those who reviewed Rab's memoirs, The art of the possible, which were published in 1971. These memoirs won unanimous praise for their literary excellence, but otherwise met with a rather mixed reception. Enoch Powell, one of Rab's supporters in 1963, described them as ‘a work of astonishing self-revelation [belonging] with the classic Confessions. Augustine and Rousseau were not more unsparing of themselves than Rab…’ The ‘large episodes’ of Rab's career, Powell went on, ‘are treated with a generous vision (including, it need not be added, a generosity to Rab) which leaves the reader with improved understanding and perspective’. Powell's comments were echoed by others on the Right, but the Left was more critical. Anthony Howard noted that ‘what tend…to get wholly left out are the mistakes and blunders’ – the now infamous Villacoublay meeting during the Suez crisis; and Rab's astonishing admission to the journalist George Gale during the 1964 campaign that the election was slipping Labour's way. Harold Wilson, who had offered Rab the mastership of Trinity, was perhaps the least charitable of all. He found The art of the possible disappointing because, he claimed, Rab underwrote the great occasions. Rab's reticence about Suez, however, upset Wilson less than the description of his tribulations at the hands of Labour MPs as government spokesman for the policy of non-intervention during the Spanish Civil War. Here was an issue which could excite the older soldiers of the British Left, and if Wilson was alone among Rab's reviewers in making more than passing reference to Rab's association with appeasement this was why.

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