VI. On the distribution of nerves to the elementary fibres of striped muscle

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1859.0102 ◽

1860 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 519-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Close Relation ◽

White Mouse ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Voluntary Muscle ◽

Striped Muscle ◽

Elementary Fibre ◽

Abundant Supply ◽

To Receive

After alluding to the general opinions entertained with respect to the termination of nerve-fibres in voluntary muscle, and to Kühne’s recent observations, the author proceeds to state that his researches have led him to the conclusion that every elementary fibre is abundantly supplied with nerves, which form a network and lie upon the surface of the sarcolemma. They do not penetrate through this membrane. The nerves never terminate in points, neither can any elementary fibres, or any part of a muscle, be found to which nerves are not freely distributed. The nerves run for the most part with the smaller arteries, and come into very close relation with the capillary vessels. The elementary fibres of the tongue and diaphragm of the white mouse are nearly covered with nerve-fibres and capillaries. Generally, the muscular fibres of mammalia and birds receive a much larger supply than those of reptiles and fishes. The muscular fibres of some insects appear to receive a most abundant supply.

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On the ultimate nerve-fibres distributed to muscle and some other tissues, with observations upon the structure and probable mode of action of a nervous mechanism

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1865.0048 ◽

1865 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 229-268

Keyword(s):

Mode Of Action ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Voluntary Muscle ◽

Striped Muscle ◽

Involuntary Muscle

Introduction. Of the movements occurring in the tissues of living beings, and of contractility.—The distribution of nerves to involuntary muscle. Distribution of nerves to the muscular fibres of the frog’s bladder. Distribution of nerves to the muscular fibres in the walls of arteries, veins, the intestine, ducts of glands, &c. —The distribution of nerves to striped muscle. Of the arrangement of the dark-bordered nerve-fibres distributed to voluntary muscle and other tissues.

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XV. Further observations in favour of the view that nerve-fibres never end in voluntary muscle

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1862.0146 ◽

1863 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 668-671

Keyword(s):

Nerve Trunk ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Voluntary Muscle

Few anatomical inquiries of late years have excited more interest than the present one. Since my paper published in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for the year 1860, several memoirs have appeared in Germany. In my paper just published in the last volume of the ‘Transactions,’ I have replied to the statements of Kühne and Kölliker, but I had not succeeded in actually tracing the very fine nucleated fibres I had demonstrated from one undoubted nerve-trunk to another.

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XXIV.—The Innervation of the Human Quiescent Nipple, with Notes on Pigmentation, Erection, and Hyperneury

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800019104 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 699-717 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

E. P. Cathcart ◽

F. W. Gairns ◽

H. S. D. Garven

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Considerable Change ◽

The Other ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Histological Structure ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Histological Studies ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

To Receive ◽

Stimulation Of

It has been known from antiquity that involution of the uterus is aided by putting the child to the breast, and the work of Moir (1933) has demonstrated conclusively that suckling brings about waves of contraction of the puerperal uterus. Since suckling must necessarily involve stimulation of the nipple, it seemed of interest to know what sensory apparatus is present in the nipple to receive these stimuli. While histological studies of the mammary gland itself have been numerous, only slight attention has been paid to the histological structure of the areola and the nipple.It must be appreciated from the outset that the present study is devoted to the innervation of the nipple in the quiescent breast. There may be considerable change during pregnancy and lactation, not only in the size of the organ and its epithelium but also in the other structures. It has been shown that there is an increase in the number of nerve-fibres in the actively secreting mammary tissue, and it is possible that there is an increase in the nerve-structures of the nipple also. The richness of the innervation in the quiescent nipple certainly makes a further study of these nerve-structures during pregnancy and lactation of great interest.

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Space-exposed seed experiment developed for students

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124707 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 860-861

Author(s):

Donna Leeper ◽

Kelvin Bridgers ◽

Ernest C. Hammond

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Test Results ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

The Earth ◽

Long Duration ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Abundant Supply ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

To Receive

The SEEDS project was flown in orbit aboard the Long Duration Exposure (LDEF) for nearly six years. During this time in space, the tomato seeds received an enormously abundant supply of cosmic radiation. Upon the return of the LDEF to earth, the SEEDS project was distributed throughout the United States and 30 foreign countries for analysis. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the long term effects of cosmic rays on living tissue. At Morgan, the analysis performed varied from germination and growth rates to electron microscopy and x ray analysis.In analyzing the seeds under the electron microscope, usual observations were performed on the nutritional and epidermic layers of the seed. These layers appeared to be more porous in the space-exposed seeds than in the Earth-based control seeds. This unusual characteristic may explain the increase in the space seeds’ growth pattern. (Several test results show that the space-exposed seeds germinate sooner than the Earth-based seeds. Also, the space exposed seeds are growing at a faster rate.) The porous nutritional region may allow the the seeds to receive necessary nutrients and liquids more readily. Thus, enabling the plant to grow at a much faster rate.

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Dreams and Visions as Diagnosis in Medieval Sufism

Journal of Sufi Studies ◽

10.1163/22105956-12341313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Eyad Abuali

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Close Relation ◽

Medieval Period ◽

Recent Scholarship ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

Institutional Structures ◽

Dreams And Visions ◽

To Receive

Abstract In recent scholarship the notion that dreams and visions in Islamic societies are phenomena with no relevance to historic events or societal concerns has been challenged and overturned. However, the theoretical underpinnings of Sufi oneirology in the medieval period have yet to receive a full exposition. Furthermore, the relevance of such seemingly abstract texts to Sufi organisational and institutional structures has not been realised. This article argues that understanding the development of Kubrawī oneirology offers important insights into Islamic thought and society. Focusing on the first generation of Kubrawī Sufi thinkers, this article accounts for the emergence of diagnostic oneirology in the sixth/twelfth and seventh/thirteenth centuries in two steps. Firstly, by detailing the systematisation of oneiric theory which occurs in early Kubrawī thought. And secondly, by demonstrating that this systematisation crafted a close relation between Sufi theory and the communal and institutional bonds that allowed the Sufi community to adapt to changing socio-political circumstances.

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XXVII. On the distribution of nerves to the elementary fibres of striped muscle

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rstl.1860.0028 ◽

1860 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 611-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Nerve Fibre ◽

Muscular Fibre ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Striped Muscle ◽

Axis Cylinder ◽

Single Nucleus

No branch of minute anatomy has received a larger share of attention than the anatomy of striped muscle, and probably no one point has been more carefully investigated than the distribution of nerve-fibres to this important tissue. Very different conclusions have been arrived at, and the various questions at issue have not yet been determined satisfactorily. For the different views entertained with reference to the mode of termination of nerve-fibres I must refer to the treatises on minute anatomy, and especially to Professor Kölliker’s work just published, where a summary of the results of numerous investigations will be found. Kühne’s Observations . The most recent observations are probably those of Kühne, who states that the nerve-fibre can be traced up to the sarcolemma. He concludes, with some other observers, that in the muscles of insects the axis cylinder of the nerve-fibre penetrates this transparent structure, and is connected with the rows of nuclei which are imbedded in the substance of the muscular fibre and lie amongst the fibrillæ. As will be observed by reference to Kühne’s drawings, these points are very indistinctly, and, if I may so say, diffidently represented. Like Kühne himself, I have quite failed to demonstrate in vertebrate animals the arrangement he described in insects. It may be remarked that nuclei amongst the fibrillæ are very abundant in some fishes and reptiles (especially the frog) whose muscles are sparingly supplied with nerves, while in the muscular fibre of many birds and mammalia which are very abundantly supplied, not a single nucleus can be demonstrated in the interior of the fibre. It seems hardly likely that the relation between the nerves and the contractile elements of the tissue should be closer in these cold-blooded, and comparatively inactive vertebrata, than in birds and mammals. The nuclei amongst the fibrillæ of the muscles of vertebrate animals are clearly not connected with nerves.

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Effects of high-dose octreotide LAR on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly inadequately controlled by conventional somatostatin analog therapy

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-0811 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 164 (3) ◽

pp. 341-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Gherardo Mazziotti ◽

Teresa Porcelli ◽

Fausto Bogazzi ◽

Giovanna Bugari ◽

Salvatore Cannavò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Close Relation ◽

Somatostatin Analog ◽

Metabolic Status ◽

High Dose ◽

Biochemical Activity ◽

Octreotide Lar ◽

Post Hoc ◽

To Receive ◽

Serum Gh

ObjectiveIn this study, the effect of high-dose octreotide LAR on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly was investigated.DesignA post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial enrolling 26 patients with acromegaly not controlled by standard maximal somatostatin analog (SSAs) dose and randomized to receive high-dose (60 mg/28 days) or high-frequency (30 mg/21 days) octreotide i.m. injection (octreotide LAR) for 6 months.MethodsGlucose metabolic status was defined as worsened when a progression from normoglycemia to impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or from IFG to diabetes occurred or when an increase of HbAlc by at least 0.5% was demonstrated. An improvement of glucose metabolism was defined in the presence of a regression from IFG to normoglycemia and/or when HbAlc decreased by at least 0.5%.ResultsGlucose metabolic status remained unchanged in a majority of patients (16/26 patients, 65.3%), worsened in six patients, and improved in four patients. Pre-existing metabolic status did not predict worsening of glucose metabolism, which, conversely, was significantly related to persistent biochemical activity of the disease. In fact, patients with worsened glucose metabolism exhibited a less frequent decrease in serum GH and IGF1 levels, compared with patients with improved or unchanged glucose metabolism (2/6 vs 18/20; P=0.01).ConclusionAn increase in octreotide LAR dose or frequency did not impact on glucose metabolism in most patients. Worsening of glucose metabolic status occurred in close relation with persistently uncontrolled acromegaly.

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The Orchestra as Acting Area in Greek Tragedy

Ramus ◽

10.1017/s0048671x00003489 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 75-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Graham Ley ◽

Michael Ewans

Keyword(s):

Greek Tragedy ◽

Close Relation ◽

Central Problem ◽

Classical Drama ◽

Considerable Experience

For some years past there has been a welcome change of emphasis towards the consideration of staging in books published on Greek tragedy; and yet with that change also a curious failure to be explicit about the central problem connected with all stagecraft, namely that of the acting-area. In this study two scholars with considerable experience of teaching classical drama in performance consider this problem of the acting-area in close relation to major scenes from two Greek tragedies, and suggest some general conclusions. The article must stand to some extent as a critique of the succession of books that has followed the apparently pioneering study of Oliver Taplin, none of which has made any substantial or sustained attempt to indicate where actors might have acted in the performance of Greek tragedy, though most, if not all, have been prepared to discard the concept of a raised ‘stage’ behind the orchestra. Hippolytus (428 BC) is the earliest of the surviving plays of Euripides to involve three speaking actors in one scene. Both Alcestis (438 BC and Medea (431 BC almost certainly require three actors to be performed with any fluency, but surprisingly present their action largely through dialogue and confrontation — surprisingly, perhaps, because at least since 458 BC and the performance of the Oresteia it is clear that three actors were available to any playwright.

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